This document provides an overview of retinal detachment including its anatomy, definition, signs and symptoms, risk factors, management, complications, and education. Retinal detachment occurs when the retina pulls away from its underlying tissue and can cause vision loss if not repaired surgically. The document discusses the anatomy of the eye, defines retinal detachment, lists common signs like floaters and flashes, and risk factors like high myopia. It also covers surgical management approaches, potential complications, and the importance of patient education on promptly seeking treatment for retinal detachment symptoms.

1. BURAO COLLEGE OF HEALTH
SCIENCES
Faculty of Nursing
Semester 9
presentation : Eyes retinal detachment
Group : Nine

2. Objectives
 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of
Eye
 Definition
 Sing and symptoms
 Etiology
 Management/ nursing management
 Complications
 Education
 Teaching

3. Anatomy and Physiology of Eye

4. Overview of Anatomy and
Physiology of Eye
A. Anatomy of the eye:
1. Accessory structures
2. Eye ball structures
- Fibrous Tunic
- Vascular Tunic
- Nervous Tunic
3. Interior of the ball
- Anterior Cavity
- Vitreous Chamber
- Lens
B. Physiology of the eye
- Image Formation
- Physiology of vision

5. Anatomy of the eye
Accessory structures
 Eyelids or palpebrae
- protect & lubricate
- epidermis, dermis, CT, orbicularis oculi m., tarsal plate, tarsal
glands & conjunctiva
 Tarsal gland
- soily secretions keep lids from sticking together
 Conjunctiva
- palpebral (eyelids) & bulbar (sclera)
- stops at corneal edge
- dilated BV--bloodshot

6. Anatomy of the eye
Eye ball structures
 Fibrous Tunic
- Sclera
- Cornea
 Vascular tunic
- Choroid
- Iris
- Ciliary body
 Nervous tunic
- Retina

7. Anatomy of the eye
Interior of the ball
 Anterior Cavity is further divided at the level of the iris into
anterior and posterior chambers “ both filled with aqueous
humor”
 Vitreous Chamber is the space present between the lens and the
ratina of the eye.
 Lens divided the eye ball into two cavities, anterior cavity and
posterior cavity.

8. Anatomy of the eye
Physiology of the eye
Image Formation
 The eye gathers lights form objects.
 In a healthy eye, a smaller, inverted, real image of an object is
created on the retina at the back of the eye.
 Electrical impulses from eye travel though the optic nerve to
brain.
 The brain takes inverted image from the retina and flips it so
that the image we “see” appears upright.

9. Anatomy of the eye
Physiology of the eye
Physiology of vision
 Visual impulse in photoreceptors- The optic nerve transmits
electrical signals to the brain.
 Processing and transmission of visual impulse in retina
 Processing and transmission of visual impulse in visual pathway
 Analysis of visual impulse in visual cortex
 Three part system hypothesis of visual perception
- Movement, location and spatial organization
- Color perception
- Shape perception

10. Definition
Eyes retinal detachment
 Retinal detachment is an eye problem that happens when your
retina (a light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of your eye) is
pulled away from its normal position at the back of your eye.
 Retinal detachment is a disorder of the eye in which the retina peels
away from its underlying layer of support tissue.
 A detached retina is a serious and sight-threatening event.
 And unless the retina is reattached soon, permanent vision loss may
result.
 There are three types of retinal detachment:
- Rhegmatogenous – tear.
- Tractional – a source of traction.
- Exudative – accumulation of fluid.

11. Retinal detachment
 Retinal detachment refers to the separation of the RPE from the
sensory layer.
 It is separation of the sensory retina and the underlying pigments,
with fluid accumulation between the two layers.

12. sign and symptoms of retinal detachment
 Flooters in your field of vision
 Flashes of light (photopsia)
 Dark moving spacks
 Blurry vision
 Gray curtain

13. Etiology
retinal detachment
 Trauma
 Myopia
 Ocular tumors
 Degenerative disorders
 Scarring and fibrous meterial due to retinopathy and
hemorrhages
 Advanced diabetes
 Shrinkage of the jelly-like vitreous that fills the inside
of the eye
 Inflammation and infections

14. Risk factors
 Increasing age
 Severe myopia
 Eye trauma
 Retinopathy(diabetic)
 Cataract or glaucoma surgery
 Family history
 Personal history

15. Management/ nursing management
retinal detachment
 Acute retinal break- new floaters and flashes- d/t acute PVD
 Presence or absence of symptoms with onset of break- most
important prognostic criterion for progression to retinal
detachment
 Anterior breaks--Cryotherapy/ LASER
 Posterior breaks--Slit Lamp/ Indirect Ophthalmoscopic LASER
delivery
 Large breaks--Anterior part- Cryotherapy Posterior part- LASER
 Nursing care for the patient with this type of retinal
detachment may include encouragement of bedrest.
 Promoting bed rest, avoiding vigorous activity, wearing an eye
patch, and preparing for immediate surgical repair.

16. Complications
retinal detachment
 Intraoperative
 Scleral perforation
 Choroidal Haemorrhage
 Sub retinal Bleed, Retinal Incarceration and perforation
 Damage to vortex veins
 Vitreous loss
COMPLICATIONS AFTER SURGERY
 Discomfort Watering
 Redness Swelling
 Itching Blurred vision

17. Education
retinal detachment

18. Cont..
 Retinal detachment describes an emergency situation
in which a thin layer of tissue (the retina) at the back
of the eye pulls away from the layer of blood vessels
that provides it with oxygen and nutrients. Retinal
detachment is often accompanied by flashes and
floaters in your vision.

19. Cont..
 Depending on how much of your retina is detached
and what type of retinal detachment you have,
your eye doctor may recommend laser surgery,
freezing treatment, or other types of surgery to fix any
tears or breaks in your retina and reattach your retina
to the back of your eye.

20. Teaching
retinal detachment
 Retinal detachment is a painless but serious condition.
If you notice detached retina symptoms — a sudden
increase in eye floaters, flashes of light or darkening
of your vision — get care right away. Call your eye
care provider or go to the emergency room. You'll
need some type of surgery to fix a detached retina.

21. Cont..

22. Conclusion
 Visual impairment is more than a physiologic deficit.
 It is a loss that has physical and emotional effects on the person
afflicted.
 So as far as possible prevent those causes of blindness.
 Retinal Detachment is defined as the separation of
neurosensory retina (NSR) from retinal pigment epithelium
(RPE).
 It may be rhegmatogenous, tractional or exudative.
 Is one of the causes of significant visual loss.
 Management is mainly surgical.