3. ● Self/Self- Concept
● Real and Ideal Selves
● Self- Esteem and Self- Efficacy
Some of the theories and concepts in
psychology regarding the self by
Carl Rogers:
4. Different
influences,
factors, and
forces that shape
the psychological
self.
Learning outcomes
Different
representations and
conceptualizations of
self from a
psychological
perspective.
Compare and
contrast how the
self has been
represented
across the
psychological
perspective.
01 03
02
5. ● One of the forerunners of the humanistic movement in
psychology
● Contributed to the understanding and perception of self and
personality
● According to him individuals’ self-determination and free will
help them become the best version of themselves.
● Focus on more positive theory of personality, focusing on
creativity in expressing one’s positive capabilities.
● Roger’s theory of personality emphasizes the free will
of human beings and their great potential for goodness.
Carl Rogers
6. Self/ Self Concept
According to Carl Rogers, the self or our self- concept
“is an organized, consistent set of perceptions and beliefs about
oneself” . These perceptions and beliefs that comprise our self-
concept are called self- schemas
Self-schemas are formed by numerous factors that we
may be aware or unaware of, some of which are:
7. Factors Affecting Self Concept
Past Experience
Personality Traits
Abilities
Physical Features
Values
Goals
Social Roles
Own Observations
Feedback from Others
8. Real and Ideal Selves
● A person we want to
be
● Idealized version of
yourself
● How I should be
● Who we actually are
● How I see me
● Also called “actual
self”
Ideal Self Real Self
❑Our notion of both selves
are results of our self-
schemas.
❑Our ideal self is essential in
guiding and motivating us to
behave in a way that would
lead us to the best version of
who we want to be.
9. VISUAL IMAGINING EXERCISE
• Important in achieving the ideal self/any goal.
• It is best that we know as accurate as possible who we
want to become or achieve.
• WE can see our ideal self taking shape.
10. Congruence: self concept
meshes well with actual
experience
Incongruence: self concept
does not mesh
well with actual experience
11. • We have to learn to separate behaviors from the
totality of one’s being.
• We may have behaved badly but it does not mean
that we are automatically an entirely bad person.
• Negative labels could come from a single failure or
blunder.
• Sadly, a single unintentional mistake is used to judge
a person holistically.
12. SELF ESTEEM AND SELF EFFICACY
• Self esteem refers to one’s overall
assessment of one’s worth as a
person, one’s self worth.
• People with high self esteem
succeed
more, have better relationships, and
are happier compared to those with
low self esteem.
• Our self esteem refers to how we
value ourselves and perceive our
worth as a person.
• Who we are is never defined by
one’s
success or failure
SELF EFFICACY
• How one performs
• Directly correlated with self esteem.
• Self efficacy = self esteem
• Self esteem ≠ Self efficacy (be
motivated)
• Give positive regard to each other
14. • Understand and accept that we are very
capable to help ourselves an attain our ideal self.
• Ideal does not always mean perfect.
• Life may be imperfect, work with that and use
to our advantage.
• Stop comparing ourselves with other people
especially those on social media.
• Invest and value ourselves by leaning
something relevant everyday,
NOTES TO OURSELVES:
