Clinical Photography in Orthodontics

1. Dr Zahra Khalid

2. LAY OUT
• Basics of photography and camera specifications
• Orthodontic photography
• Errors in photography

3. WHY TAKE ORTHODONTIC
PHOTOGRAPHS
• Assessing soft tissue patterns
• Lip morphology and tonicity
• Smile arc and smile esthetics from various angles
• Incisal show
• Research and publication
• Teaching
• Medicolegal reasons

4. WHY GO DIGITAL
• Ease of use
• Ability to repeat/delete unsuitable images
• No wait for development of film
• Running cost
• Easy storage
• Ability to post process or enhance the image

5. BASIC TERMS

6. RESOLUTION
• Describes how much detail an image can capture
• Determined by image’s pixel count and bit depth of each pixel
• A pixel is the smallest discernible element in an image, each pixel displays one
colour
• A pixels colour and brightness range is determined by its bit depth
• Pixels are grouped together to create the illusion of an image
• Greater the number of pixels brighter the image

7. • A camera’s resolution is calculated by the number of megapixels (millions of pixels)
its digital image sensor is capable of capturing. A display’s resolution is expressed
in pixels per inch(ppi) or as a maximum dimension, such as 1920 x 1280 pixels
• A printers maximum resolution is expressed in dots per inch(dpi)
• The number of megapixels a camera is capable of capturing can be used to roughly
determine the largest high quality print that the camera is ultimately capable of
producing

9. FOCAL LENGTH
• The focal length of a lens is the distance
from the optical centre of the lens to the
sensor (or film) when the lens is focused on
an object at infinity.
• Shows the amount of magnification
• Greater the f more the lens magnifies the
scene
• Determines perspective and compression of
scene

12. SHUTTER SPEED
• Amount of time the shutter is open or the digital sensor image is activated
• Displayed as fractions of a second , such as 1/8 or 1/250
• 1/60 of a second is half as much exposure time as 1/30 of a second, but about twice
as much as a 1/125 of a second

13. MACROFUNCTION/LENS
• Refers to close up photography
• The image projected on film plane (i.e film or digital sensor) is the same size as the
subject
• Most Point and Shoot digital cameras have a built in macro function that is
resonable for dental photography purposes
• A dedicated macrolens attached to a DSLR camera provides even better close up
photos usually with a higher definition and focus

14. CLINICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS

15. DIGITAL CAMERA SETUP/RING
FLASH/MACROLENS
• Two types of cameras
Point and shoot
DSLR(Digital Single Lens Reflex)

16. POINT AND SHOOT CAMERA

17. DSLR CAMERA

18. WHY DSLR
• Large size sensor in DSLR, so better quality and sharpness of image
• Less shutter lag
• Lens can be changed in DSLR
• More optics, foreground can be separated from the background
• Low light handling capability

21. RING FLASH VS POINT FLASH
• Refers to the light distribution
• Distracting shadows with point flash which obscures details
• Ring flash eliminates shadows and distributes light evenly

23. MACROLENS VS
MACROFUNCTION
• Point and Shoot cameras have Macrofunction, allows taking close up shots of
objects in good focus and depth
• Not great and consistent results every time
• A dedicated macrolens attached to the camera and adjusted as needed is a
superior choice

24. CAMERA SPECIFICATIONS FOR
ORTHODONTICS
• Cannon D-70
• Cannon EF-100mm f/2.8 MacroUSM Lens
• Cannon MR-14 Ex Macro Ring Lite Flash

25. • Camera to be used in Manual mode
• F 5.6 for extraoral
• F32 for intraoral(front and buccal)
• F20 for occlusal mirror shot
• To take photograph of hard copy of radiograph, flash off and light of the viewbox to
be on

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