Information about blood pressure and risk factors of blood pressure Medication are blood pressure

1. Hypertension
BScN 1st Semesters
(JPMC KARACHI)
Prepared by ZAHID ALI
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2. Objectives
1. Describe Hypertension(HTN)
2. Identify classifications of HTN
3. Explain the list of readings of Blood Pressure
4. Discuss cardiac output and peripheral vascular
resistance in the mechanism of HTN
5. Explain Pathophysiology of HTN
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3. Cont.……
6. Identify Prevalence Rates of Globally and Pakistan of
HTN
7. Assess the risk factors contributing in the
development of HTN
8. Discuss Clinical Manifestations of Hypertension.
9. Recognize the Medical and Nursing management of
patient with HTN
10. Describe the Nursing diagnosis and Care Plan for
HTN 3
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4. DEFINITION OF HYPERTENSION
● Pressure of the blood against
the walls of the blood vessels is
known as blood pressure.
● Hypertension is sustained
elevation of blood pressure and
the client is not under stress.
● Blood pressure is the force of
blood pushing against the walls
of vessels as it flows through
them.
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5. Systolic blood pressure:
Pressure generated when heart contracts and
pump blood through the arteries. It is the
maximum pressure in blood system.
Diastolic Blood pressure :
Pressure of blood when heart is at rest. This is
minimum pressure in the blood system.
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6. Readings of Blood Pressure
Normal blood pressure is < 120/80 mmHg
Prehypertension 120/80 > and <140/90 mmHg
Hypertension is > 140/90 mmHg
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7. Classification of Hypertension
Primary (Essential) Hypertension
Elevated BP with unknown cause 90% to 95% of all cases.
Required lifestyle changes and sometime drug if indicated.
Secondary Hypertension
Elevated BP with a specific cause 5% to 10% in adults
Conditions include:
Renal, arteries disease and pregnancy etc.
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8. PERIPHERAL VASCULAR
RESISTANCE
It is vascular resistance
to the flow of blood in
peripheral vessels that
is typically a function
of the internal vessel
diameter.
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9. CARDIAC OUTPUT MECHANISM OF
HYPERTENSION
Cardiac Output
Volume of blood pumped per minute by
each ventricle of the heart.
Stroke volume
Amount of blood pump ed from the left
ventricle in a single heart beat.
CO =HR x SV
CO =70bpm x 70ml= 4.9L
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10. PathoPhysiology of HTN
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11. Prevalence Rate of HTN In WHO
According to Global Health Observatory(2015)
Worldwide, raised blood pressure is estimated
to cause 7.5 million deaths, about 12.8% of the
total of all death.
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12. Prevalence Rate of HTN in
Pakistan
According to Pakistan National Health
Survey (2015):
HTN is less than 10% in 18 - 19 years old
in males and similarly in females is less
than 5% at 18 - 19 years. In both males
and females the prevalence rate increases
steeply after 20 - 29 years
age.
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13. Factors Contributing To HTN
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14. Clinical Manifestation of
Hypertension.
Most of the time, there are no symptoms for
most clients; some present with:
Headache
Fatigue
Dizziness (vertigo)
Palpitations
Dyspnea (difficult breathing.)
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15. Medical Management of patient
ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE:
It consist of Five categories ACE inhibitors, Beta blockers,
calcium channel blocking agents, diuretics, vasodilators.
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16. NURSING CARE:
1. Check blood pressure(BP) in both supine and standing
positions.
2.Early AM or bedtime administration helps prevent the
drowsiness.
3. Golden rules to prevention from HTN:
Care for Weight, Life Style, Diet
Medical check up
Get your B.P checked up once a year before 30 years,
Once in 6 months after 30 years
Once in 3 months after 40 years.
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17. Cont.
The DASH
Dietary
Approaches
Stop
Hypertension
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19. Nursing Diagnosis
Acute Pain headache related to increased cerebral vascular
pressure.
Knowledge deficit related to lack of information about the
disease process and self-care.
Ineffective therapeutic regimen(a prescribed course of
medical treatment) management
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20. Nursing Diagnosis and Care plan
Acute Pain
Uncomfortable sensation lasting from 1
second to less than 6 months.
Chronic Pain
Persistent or intermittent(often) and lasts
for more than 6 months.
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21. Assessment
21
Subjective data
Patient verbalized that pain scale is
5/10.
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22. Cont.……
C = Characteristics
O = Onset
L = Location
D = Duration
E = Exacerbation (worsen)
R = Radiation
R = Relief
A = Associated
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23. Cont.…
Objective Data
Client seems irritable, Facial grimaces
(expression),blood pressure increase,
respiration increased, pulse increased
Diaphoresis, Crying etc.
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24. Nursing Diagnosis
According NANDA (2013)
Impaired comfort that is acute pain related
to tissue trauma and muscle spasms
secondary to vascular disorders as
evidenced by client verbalization.
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25. Goal
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26. Nursing Intervention
Provide adequate rest and comfort
Teach deep breathing exercises
Give optimal pain killer as prescribed
Assess efficacy of pain medication after
30mints
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27. REFERENCES
Aziz, K. U. (2015). Evolution of systemic hypertension in pakistani population. Journal of the College of Physicians
and Surgeons--Pakistan: JCPSP, 25(4), 286-291.
Beevers, G., Lip, G. Y., & O'Brien, E. (2001). ABC of hypertension: the
pathophysiology of hypertension. BMJ: BritishMedical Journal, 322(7291),
912.Retrived from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1120075/
Oparil, S., Zaman, M. A., & Calhoun, D. A. (2003). Pathogenesis of hypertension.
Annals of Internal Medicine, 139(9), 761-776.Retrieved from http://www.the-
aps.org/mm/publications/journals/pim/oparil-pdf.pdf
Understanding Blood Pressure Readings. (2014). Retrieved from
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/AboutHighBloo
WHO | Raised blood pressure. (2015). Retrieved from
http://www.who.int/gho/ncd/risk_factors/blood_pressure_prevalence_text/en/
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28. Questions and Answers
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