After BERO™ biosurfactant is injected into a water injection well, it has the functions of cleaning, oil displacement, stimulation, facilitating drainage, penetration and biological degradation such as preventing organic deposition, so change happens to the reservoir within the retention zone and the passage of injected water flow also changes when BERO™ biosurfactant evenly diffuses in the reservoir, passages with small resistance causing “short-circuit” are influenced, water flow is forced to search for more new passages and the sweep area of water flooding is enlarged, thereby improving water flooding effect and realizing plugging removal and injection reduction.

1. www.zfatech.com
UNITED STATES
Add: 12212 Ashling Dr Stafford, TX, 77477
Tel: +1713 893 4784
CHINA
Add:Nanopolis Suzhou: NW02, Room 110,
99 JinjiLake Avenue,Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
Zip: 215123
Tel: +86 512-6999 5236 Fax: +86 512-6999 5237
E-mail: contact@zfatech.com
3) The original state under a microscope refers to the state of crude oil, sand
grains and mixture under formation pressure.
4) The microscope shows that most crude oil more difficult to be recovered is
still retained in the reservoir after original (primary) recovery.
5) Retention zone and peeling off zone of crude oil
After water injection for a certain time, injected water only passes through
passages with smaller resistance (including pores and rock surface retaining
pressure), which causes many water flows to suffer “short-circuit” and
directly arrive at production well without performing the function of sweeping oil,
thereby increasing produced liquid but failing to increase the oil production of
production wells. Due to high consumption and low return, many production
wells stop production and are shut in.
6) After BERO™ biosurfactant is injected into a water injection well, it has the
functions of cleaning, oil displacement, stimulation, facilitating drainage,
penetration and biological degradation such as preventing organic deposition,
so change happens to the reservoir within the retention zone and the passage
of injected water flow also changes when BERO™ biosurfactant evenly
diffuses in the reservoir, passages with small resistance causing “short-circuit”
are influenced, water flow is forced to search for more new passages and the
sweep area of water flooding is enlarged, thereby improving water flooding
effect and realizing plugging removal and injection reduction.

2. www.zfatech.com
UNITED STATES
Add: 12212 Ashling Dr Stafford, TX, 77477
Tel: +1713 893 4784
CHINA
Add:Nanopolis Suzhou: NW02, Room 110,
99 JinjiLake Avenue,Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
Zip: 215123
Tel: +86 512-6999 5236 Fax: +86 512-6999 5237
E-mail: contact@zfatech.com
7) Retention zone under microscope
The microscope shows that in the small retention zone, water passes through
passages with small resistance and there is still a lot of crude oil retained in the
pores of the reservoir.
8) Blocking of retention layer
As described above, emulsion formed through the biological reaction of oil,
water, enzyme, enzyme-based ferment is viscous, thus affecting the original
water flowing passages, forcing water flow to find more new passages and
flooding more crude oil to the bottom of production well.
BERO™ biosurfactant has the unique characteristic of non-activity, will not be
affected by shear degradation, temperature, pressure, acid, alkali and water
salinity, and is completely soluble in water and compatible with sewage with
any salinity. Therefore, it is commonly used for the cleaning and oil
displacement of reservoirs and has wide application scope and prospect. The
laboratory experiment on water flooding efficiency shows that the addition of
BERO™ biosurfactant into injected water can improve the rate of oil recovery
through water flooding by 5%-6% and final oil recovery rate can be improved
by about 10%.
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The prospect and benefit of BERO™ biosurfactant in World’s oil production
industry are analyzed from the following main aspects: improvement of oil
recovery rate, oil production cost and environmental protection.
Under the condition of current technological level, the average oil recovery rate
worldwide is 28%-35% of original oil in place (OOIP) and 65%-78% of
recoverable reserves is still under the ground. As for the development and
effective water injection method most commonly used for oil displacement
during oil production, the development technology and stable production
indicators have achieved or exceeded the advanced level of similar water
flooding technology in the world, but, due to poor physical property of reservoir,

3. www.zfatech.com
UNITED STATES
Add: 12212 Ashling Dr Stafford, TX, 77477
Tel: +1713 893 4784
CHINA
Add:Nanopolis Suzhou: NW02, Room 110,
99 JinjiLake Avenue,Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
Zip: 215123
Tel: +86 512-6999 5236 Fax: +86 512-6999 5237
E-mail: contact@zfatech.com
serious heterogeneity and poor physical property of crude oil, the average rate
of oil recovery of oilfields through water flooding only reaches 34.2% and that
of some oilfields only reaches 20%-25%.
A lot of research results and practices show that BERO™ biosurfactant for
improving the recovery rate of crude oil can greatly improve the recovery rate
of crude oil. It has become an oil recovery rate improving method widely
applied worldwide, especially for oil reservoirs with low permeability and
special oil reservoirs, BERO™ biosurfactant can achieve remarkable result. As
for a new technology with good operability, high benefit and great application
and promotion potential, BERO™ biosurfactant has good market prospect and
technical potential with respect to improvement of oil recovery rate worldwide.
ZFA Technologies has conducted many experiments and promotion and
application in about 10 larger oilfields, achieved indicators exceeding technical
and economic indictors required by project contracts and obtained satisfactory
stimulation achievement. Average oil production rate is improved by more than
100% (see the final section: “Practical Application and Effect of BERO™
Biosurfactant in Each Oilfield” and specific application summary). At present,
the investment in drilling new well will cost between 3-8 millions, if it is
expected to improve oil recovery rate by 50%, the cost for plugging removal of
10 old wells is equal to the cost for drilling 1 new well, namely, benefit can
increase by 3 million at least. The application of BERO™ biosurfactant applied
in stripped wells and wells with reduced production of mature oilfields entering
the late stage of development can prolong the duration of return by more than
one year, extend development period and gain significant economic benefit.