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![Zhu[29], 2012, China 159 (71%) 42 (18,62) unclear METAVIR $15 mm unclear
Ucar[18], 2013, Turkey 73 (64%) 42.81612.86 unclear METAVIR unclear Yes
Gong[21], 2013, China 41 (73%) 50.8610.3 unclear METAVIR unclear unclear
Wang[20], 2013, China 231 (68%) 34.169.8 ,1d Scheuer .15 mm Yes
Ji[17], 2011, China 313 (69%) 35.6611.2 1d METAVIR 20 mm unclear
Bas¸ar[25], 2013, Turkey 76 (55%) unclear ,1d METAVIR .10 mm Yes
Bonnard[19], 2010, France 59 (68%) 3569 0.5–10 m METAVIR 2166 mm Yes
Erdogan[11], 2013, Turkey 221 (63%) 43.68612.56 #1d Ishak unclear Yes
Wu[30], 2010, China 78 (85%) 32.6612.3 unclear METAVIR .15 mm unclear
Mallet[16], 2009, France 138 (71%) 42615 ,1d METAVIR 17.666.8 unclear
Seto[24], 2011, China 237 (68%) 38.2 (18,63) same time Ishak $15 mm Yes
Zhu[27], 2011, China 175 (78%) 36.569.4 #7d METAVIR .15 mm Yes
Liu[23], 2012, China 114 (80%) 38.32611.36 same time METAVIR 15,20 mm unclear
Wang[26], 2013, China 149 (93%) 37 (30,42) #2d Scheuer .10 mm Yes
Xun[28], 2013, China 197 (76%) 31 (21–45) same time Scheuer .15 mm unclear
Zhang[32], 2009, China 86 (60%) 39 (16–64) ,1d METAVIR 15,20 mm unclear
Zhang[22], 2012, China 361 (62%) 36611 #7d Scheuer unclear unclear
Zhang[31], 2010, China 212 (88%) 3167 1day Scheuer 20 mm Yes
グ㍕䠖QUADS-‐2䜢⏝䛔䛯୍ḟ◊✲䛾㉁
䛾ホ౯䠄䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹䛸ㄽᩥグ㍕䠅
䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹䛷䛾㉁䛾ホ౯䛻㛵䛩䜛グ㍕䠖Two
review
authors
(JFC,
MC)
will
independently
assess
the
methodological
quality
of
each
study
using
a
four
domain
tool
adapted
from
QUADAS-‐2
(WhiQng
2011a).
ኚ᭦⟠ᡤ䜒ㄝ᫂We
tailored
the
quality
assessment
tool
to
our
review
quesQon.
Cohen
et
al.,
(2013)
Cochrane
Protocol䚷
䠄Ꮚ䛹䜒䛾ဗ㢌⅖䛻䛚䛡䜛A⩌䝺䞁䝃⌫
Literature and search strategy
QUADAS-‐2䛾せ⣙䛾グ㍕䠚
⳦䜢᳨ฟ䛩䜛ᛴ㏿ᢠయ᳨ᰝ䛾⢭ᗘ䠅
←⾲䛷せ⣙
Mohamed
et
al.,
CMAJ,
2014
ᅗ䛷せ⣙→
Yuanyuan
et
al.,
Plos
one,
2014
The following databases were searched without the use of time
limitations: PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the
Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the
Chinese Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc). The search strategy to
identify all relevant articles involved the use of the following key
words: FIB-4, aspartate aminotransferase, AST, alanine amino-transferase,
ALT, platelet, PLT, hepatitis B, fibrosis and cirrhosis.
For example, File S1 and S2 displayed the search strategy of Ovid
and PubMed respectively. Additional studies were identified via a
manual review of the reference lists of identified studies and review
articles. This literature search was performed in November 2013.
Inclusion criteria
Studies were deemed eligible if they met the following inclusion
criteria: 1) the study evaluated the performance of the FIB-4 index
for the diagnosis of fibrosis in mono-HBV-infected patients before
antiviral therapy. Studies including patients with other causes of
liver disease were included if data of HBV-infected patients could
be extracted. 2) Liver biopsy was used as the reference standard for
assessing fibrosis. METAVIR [8] or comparable staging systems
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105728.t001](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/random-141025091252-conversion-gate01/85/slide-22-320.jpg)
Uploaded bySenshu University
診断精度研究のメタ分析
1. The document summarizes the planning of a systematic review to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of tests. It outlines the key components of planning a diagnostic test accuracy review, including defining the population, index test, reference standard, and accuracy measures to be evaluated. 2. It describes the two main types of diagnostic reviews: single-gate and twin-gate designs. Key elements that need to be addressed are the inclusion criteria, assessment of risk of bias, analysis of heterogeneity. 3. The expected use of the index test and threshold or cut-off values used to define positive or negative results are also important planning considerations.
![谷歌留痕技术 [ 𝙩𝙤𝙥 𝟮𝟯𝟯. 𝙘 𝙤𝙢 ]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/top233-260130174328-3833018c-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
診断精度研究のメタ分析
- 1. 䛂デ᩿⢭ᗘ䛾䝯䝍ศᯒ䛃䛾᭩䛝᪉ ᑓಟᏛே㛫⛉Ꮫ㒊 ᅜ㔛ឡᙪ 2014/10/25
- 2. ┠ḟ • デ᩿⢭ᗘ◊✲䛾䛚䛥䜙䛔 • デ᩿⢭ᗘ䛾䝯䝍ศᯒ䛾ᐇ䛸᭩䛝᪉ ①◊✲┠ⓗ䛾≉ᐃ䛸䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹సᡂ ②◊✲䛾ⓗ☜㝖እᇶ‽ ③ᩥ⊩䛾᳨⣴ ④◊✲䛾㉁䛾ホ౯ ⑤◊✲䛾⤫ྜ䛸␗㉁ᛶホ౯ ⑥⤖ᯝ䛾ゎ㔘
- 3. デ᩿⢭ᗘ◊✲䛾䛚䛥䜙䛔 • デ᩿⢭ᗘ◊✲䠖⌧≧䛻䛚䛔䛶᭱䜒⢭ᗘ䛾㧗䛔デ᩿ἲ䜢ཧ↷ ᇶ‽䠄⮳㐺ᇶ‽䠅䛸䛧䛶䚸㛵ᚰ䛾䛒䜛ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䛾デ᩿⢭ᗘ䜢 ᳨ウ䛩䜛◊✲ ཧ↷ᇶ‽䠄⮳㐺ᇶ‽䠅 Ẽ(᭷) Ẽ(↓) ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ 㝧ᛶ ┿㝧ᛶ(a) ഇ㝧ᛶ(b) 㝧ᛶ䛾⪅䛾ᩘ(a+b) 㝜ᛶ ഇ㝜ᛶ(c) ┿㝜ᛶ(d) 㝜ᛶ䛾⪅䛾ᩘ(c+d) Ẽ䛾⪅䛾ᩘ(a+c) Ẽ䛷䛺䛔⪅䛾ᩘ(b+d) ဨ䛾ᩘ(a+b+c+d) ឤᗘ䠖Ẽ(᭷)䛾୰䛷䚸᳨ᰝ㝧ᛶ 䛾⪅䛾ྜ䠙a/(a+c) ≉␗ᗘ䠖Ẽ(↓)䛾୰䛷䚸᳨ᰝ㝜 ᛶ䛾⪅䛾ྜ=d/(b+d) ᳨ᰝ 㝧ᛶ ᳨ᰝ 㝜ᛶ Ẽ 䠄᭷䠅 Ẽ 䠄↓䠅 ឤᗘ ≉␗ᗘ
- 4. デ᩿⢭ᗘ◊✲䛾䛚䛥䜙䛔 䠘㝧ᛶᑬᗘẚ: LR+䠚 䠙ឤᗘ/(1-‐≉␗ᗘ) →Ẽ(↓)䛻ẚ䜉Ẽ(᭷䠅䛜ఱಸ㝧ᛶ䛻 䛺䜚䜔䛩䛔䛛 䠘㝜ᛶᑬᗘẚ: LR-‐䠚 䠙(1-‐ឤᗘ)/≉␗ᗘ →Ẽ䠄↓䠅䛻ẚ䜉䛶Ẽ䠄᭷䠅䛜ఱಸ㝜 ᛶ䛻䛺䜚䜔䛩䛔䛛 䠘デ᩿䜸䝑䝈ẚ: DOR䠚 䠙㝧ᛶᑬᗘẚ/㝜ᛶᑬᗘẚ ᳨ᰝ 㝧ᛶ Ẽ 䠄᭷䠅 ᳨ᰝ 㝧ᛶ Ẽ 䠄↓䠅 ᳨ᰝ 㝜ᛶ Ẽ 䠄᭷䠅 ᳨ᰝ 㝜ᛶ Ẽ 䠄↓䠅
- 5. デ᩿⢭ᗘ◊✲䛾䛚䛥䜙䛔 • デ᩿⢭ᗘ◊✲䛿䚸ᇶᮏⓗ䛻䜽䝻䝇䝉䜽䝅䝵䝘䝹◊✲䚹ཧຍ⪅ 䛾䝸䜽䝹䞊䝖ἲ䛷Single-‐Gateᆺ䛸Two-‐Gateᆺ䛻ศ䛡䜙䜜䜛䚹 䝍䞊䝀䝑䝖≧ἣ䞉ᝈ䛾ྵ䜎䜜䜛㞟ᅋ 䠄㐃⥆䜿䞊䝇䝅䝸䞊䝈䠅 • Two-‐Gateᆺ◊✲䛿䚸 Gate Two-‐Gateᆺ (䜿䞊䝇䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹ᆺ) ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ ཧ↷ᇶ‽ Single-‐Gateᆺ (䝁䝩䞊䝖ᆺ) 䝍䞊䝀䝑䝖 ᝈ䛒䜚 䝍䞊䝀䝑䝖 ᝈ䛺䛧䠄ᗣ ᑐ↷⪅䜒䠅 ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ Gate 1 1 Gate 2 ᝈ䛒䜚䛸䛺䛧䛜 䛿䛳䛝䜚䛩䜛䛾䛷䚸 デ᩿⢭ᗘ䛜㐣ホ ౯䛥䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䝞䜲 䜰䝇䛜⏕䛨䜛䚹
- 6. デ᩿⢭ᗘ◊✲䛾䝯䝍ศᯒ䛾ᐇᡭ㡰 “Chapter4: Planning a systemaQc review of diagnosQc test accuracy evidence”, 䛄Synthesizing Evidence of DiagnosQc Accuracy䛅, LippincoZ Williams Wilkins, 2011 䚷୍㒊ຍ➹ I • 䝺䝡䝳䞊䛾ၥ䛾ᐃᘧ II • 䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹సᡂ䠄㐺᱁䞉㝖እᇶ‽䚸᳨⣴䚸ゎᯒ᪉ἲ䛾Ỵᐃ䠅 III • ໟᣓⓗ䛺ᩥ⊩᳨⣴䛾ᐇ IV • ◊✲䛾㑅ᢥ V • 䝺䝡䝳䞊䛻ྵ䜑䜛◊✲䛾㉁䛾ᢈุⓗホ౯ VI • 䝕䞊䝍ᢳฟ VII • 䝕䞊䝍⤫ྜ VIII • ⤖ᯝ䛾ゎ㔘 䝍䜲䝖䝹Ⓩ㘓 䝥䝖䝻䝁䝹ฟ∧
- 7. I.䝺䝡䝳䞊䛾ၥ䛾ᐃᘧ:◊✲┠ⓗ䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛 • PECO䜢䛳䛶ᐃᘧ䛧䛶䜒Ⰻ䛔䛜PIRATE䛜ศ䛛䜚䜔䛩䛔䚹 “Chapter4: Planning a systemaQc review of diagnosQc test accuracy evidence”, 䛄Synthesizing Evidence of DiagnosQc Accuracy䛅, LippincoZ Williams Wilkins, 2011 Popula'on 䝺䝡䝳䞊䛷㛵ᚰ䛾䛒䜛ẕ㞟ᅋ䛿䛺䛻䛛䠛䛹䛖䛔䛖≧ែ 䛾ᝈ⪅䛛䠛 Index test 䝺䝡䝳䞊䛷㛵ᚰ䛾䛒䜛ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䛿䛺䛻䛛䠛 Reference test ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䛾᳨ウ䛻⏝䛔䛶䛔䜛ཧ↷᳨ᰝ䛿ఱ䛛䠛ఱ䛜 ⌧ᅾ䛾䛸䛣䜝᭱ၿ䛾᳨ᰝ䛛䠛 Accuracy methods デ᩿⢭ᗘ䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺ᣦᶆ䜢⏝䛔䛶䛔䜛䛛䠛᥎ዡ䛥䜜 䛶䛔䜛䛾䛿䚸ឤᗘ䚸≉␗ᗘ䚸ᑬᗘẚ䚸ⓗ୰⋡䛺䛹 Test cut off point 䝕䞊䝍䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻್䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛛䠛ᣦᶆ䞉ཧ↷᳨ ᰝ䛻䛚䛡䜛㝜ᛶ䞉㝧ᛶ䜢䛝䜑䜛䜹䝑䝖䜸䝣䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛䚹 Expected test use ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䛾ᙺ䛸䛧䛶ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䜛䛾䛿ఱ䛛䠛ཧ↷᳨ᰝ 䛾௦᭰䠛㏣ຍ᳨ᰝ䠛䝇䜽䝸䞊䝙䞁䜾䠛
- 8. ᪂つ᳨ᰝ䛷⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛ᙺ ⌧ᅾ䛾≧ἣ ẕ㞟ᅋẕ㞟ᅋ 䝇䜽䝸䞊䝙 䞁䜾᳨ᰝ ᪤Ꮡ᳨ᰝ ⨨䛘 (Replacement) 䝇䜽䝸䞊䝙 䞁䜾᳨ᰝ ᪂つ᳨ᰝ ᪂つ᳨ᰝ 䝖䝸䜰䞊䝆 (triage) ẕ㞟ᅋ ᪤Ꮡ᳨ᰝ • ᳨ウ䛩䜛ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䛿⮫ᗋୖ䛾䛾 ὶ䜜䛾୰䛷䛹䛾ᙺ䜢ᢸ䛖䛾䛛䠛 • ᳨ウ䛩䜛ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䛿䚸䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻Ⰻ䛔 ᳨ᰝ䛺䛾䛛䠛䠄᪩䛔䠛ṇ☜䠛Ᏻ䛔䠛䠅 ㏣ຍ (Add-‐on) ẕ㞟ᅋ 䝇䜽䝸䞊䝙 䞁䜾᳨ᰝ ᪤Ꮡ᳨ᰝ ᪂つ᳨ᰝ
- 9. II.䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹సᡂ䠄㐺᱁䞉㝖እᇶ‽䚸᳨⣴䚸ゎᯒ ᪉ἲ䛾Ỵᐃ䠅 䝁䜽䝷䞁DTA䝺䝡䝳䞊䛾◊✲䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹సᡂ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᚲ㡲グ㍕㡯 ◊✲ ሗ ◊✲䛾䝍䜲䝖䝹䚸ⴭ⪅ሗ䛺䛹䚸᪥ሗ(᭱⤊ᨵᐃ᪥;ᩥ⊩᳨⣴᪥; ḟ䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥䛻⛣⾜䛩䜛ணᐃ᪥;䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹ึබ㛤᪥䠅 ◊✲ ⫼ᬒ ᑐ㇟䛸䛺䜛Ẽ䚸ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䚸䜽䝸䝙䜹䝹䝟䝇(๓᳨ᰝ䚸ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䛾 ᙺ䚸௦᳨᭰ᰝ)䚸ྜ⌮ⓗ᰿ᣐ ┠ⓗ ḟⓗ┠ⓗ ᪉ἲ 㐺᱁ᇶ‽䠄ཧຍ⪅䚸ᑐ㇟䛸䛺䜛Ẽ䚸ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䚸ཧ↷ᇶ‽䚸◊✲䛾䝍 䜲䝥䠅 ᩥ⊩᳨⣴᪉ἲ䠄㟁Ꮚ䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇᳨⣴ἲ䚸䛾䝸䝋䞊䝇䛾⏝䠅 䝕䞊䝍㞟䛸ศᯒ䠄◊✲䛾㑅ᢥ᪉ἲ䚸䝕䞊䝍䛾ᢳฟ䞉⟶⌮䚸᪉ἲㄽୖ 䛾㉁䛾ホ౯᪉ἲ䚸⤫ィⓗศᯒ䛸䝕䞊䝍⤫ྜ䚸␗㉁ᛶ䛾ㄪᰝ䚸ឤᗘศ ᯒ䚸ሗ࿌䝞䜲䜰䝇䛾ホ౯䠅 䛭䛾 ㅰ㎡䚸ⴭ⪅䛾㈉⊩䚸ᐖ㛵ಀ䛾⏦࿌䚸Appendices䠄᳨⣴᪉␎䚸QUADAS䛾ㄪᩚ䠅 “Chapter 4: Guide to the contents of a Cochrane DiagnosQc Test Accuracy Protocol.” 䛄Cochrane Handbook for SystemaQc Reviews of DiagnosQc Test Accuracy Version 1.0.0.䛅 The Cochrane CollaboraQon, 2013.
- 10. ◊✲䛾㐺᱁䞉㝖እᇶ‽䛾సᡂ • ௨ୗ䜢≉ᐃ䛧䚸䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹䛻グ㍕䛧䛯ୖ䛷䝺䝡䝳䞊䜢⾜ 䛖䚹 ① (P)ẕ㞟ᅋ䠖䛣䛾䝺䝡䝳䞊䛷㛵ᚰ䛾䛒䜛ᝈ⪅䛾ẕ㞟ᅋ䛿ఱ䛛䠛 ② (I)ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䠖䛣䛾䝺䝡䝳䞊䛷ホ౯䛧䛯䛔᳨ᰝ䛿ఱ䛛䠛 ③ (R)ཧ↷ᇶ‽:⌧ᅾ䛘䜛᭱䜒Ⰻ䛔᳨ᰝ䛿ఱ䛛䠛 ④ (A)⢭ᗘ䛾ᣦᶆ: ᳨ᰝ䛾⢭ᗘ䛿䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻 ᐃ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛛䠛 ⑤ (T)䜹䝑䝖䜸䝣䝫䜲䞁䝖:᳨ᰝ⤖ᯝ䜢䠎್䛩䜛䛾䜹䝑䝖䜸䝣䛿䠛 ⑥ (E)ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䜛᳨ᰝ䛾ᙺ:ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䛾ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䜛ᙺ䛿䠛 ⑦ ◊✲䛾䝍䜲䝥䠖䝺䝡䝳䞊䛻ྵ䜑䜛デ᩿⢭ᗘ◊✲䛾䝕䝄䜲䞁䛿䛹 䛖䛔䛖䜒䛾䛛䠛 “Chapter4: Planning a systemaQc review of diagnosQc test accuracy evidence”, 䛄Synthesizing Evidence of DiagnosQc Accuracy䛅, LippincoZ Williams Wilkins, 2011
- 11. 㐺᱁ᇶ‽䛾グ㍕ Inclusion criteria for the primary studies were as follows: (i) parQcipantsᑐ㇟⪅䚸ཧ↷ᇶ‽: all cases must have been diagnosed by a gold standard (pathologic examinaQons of biopsied specimens), serum must have been collected for anQ-‐p53 analysis before any treatment, e.g. chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and controls were without other cancers, (ii) index test䠘ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䠚: studies evaluated the diagnosQc value of s-‐p53 anQbody in esophageal cancer, (iii) outcome䠘⢭ᗘ䛾ᣦᶆ䠚: studies reported the posiQve values of the cases and controls, and the results of an individual study on diagnosQc accuracy can be summarized in a 2×2 table, (iv) study design䠘◊✲䝕䝄䜲䞁䠚: No restricQons were made with respect to study design (cross secQonal, case control, corhort study) or data collecQon (prospecQve or retrospecQve). Zhang et al. 2012, Plos One䠄㣗㐨䛜䜣䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⾑Ύ㻌p53 ᢠయ᳨ᰝ䛾デ᩿⢭ᗘ䠅
- 12. ᩥ⊩᳨⣴᪉ἲ䛸ゎᯒ᪉ἲ䜢๓䛻Ỵ䜑䜛 • ᳨⣴䛩䜛㟁Ꮚ䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䜔䛭䛾䛾ሗ※䚸䛥䜙 䛻᳨⣴䛻⏝䛔䛯᪉␎䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹䛾ẁ㝵䛷 ᫂グ䛩䜛䠄᳨⣴᪉␎䛿㘓䛸䛧䛶ῧ䛩䜛䠅䚹 • ゎᯒ᪉ἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒䚸䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹䛾ẁ㝵䛷Ỵ䜑䛶䛚 䛟䚹≉䛻䚸␗㉁ᛶ䜈䛾ᑐฎ䛸䛧䛶䝃䝤䜾䝹䞊䝥ゎᯒ 䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛ሙྜ䛿䚸ண䜑ᐇ䛩䜛䝃䝤䜾䝹䞊䝥 ゎᯒ䜒Ỵ䜑䛶䛚䛝䚸ᚋ䛷᥈⣴ⓗゎᯒ䜢䛧䛺䛔䚹 “Chapter 4: Guide to the contents of a Cochrane DiagnosQc Test Accuracy Protocol.” 䛄Cochrane Handbook for SystemaQc Reviews of DiagnosQc Test Accuracy Version 1.0.0.䛅 The Cochrane CollaboraQon, 2013.
- 13. III.ໟᣓⓗ䛺ᩥ⊩᳨⣴䛾ᐇ • ⣔⤫ⓗ䝺䝡䝳䞊䛿䠈㟁Ꮚ䛥䜜䛯䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䜒䛧䛟 䛿䛾䝋䞊䝇䛛䜙ྍ⬟䛺㝈䜚䛶䛾䜶䝡䝕䞁䝇䜢ྵ 䜐䜉䛝(≉ᐃ䛾䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛻೫䜛䛣䛸䛺䛟ධᡭྍ⬟ 䛺䛶䛾ሗ䜢㞟䜑䜛䠅 • MEDLINE䛚䜘䜃EMBASE䛾୧䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䜢⏝䛧 䛯ሙྜ䛻䛿ໟᣓᛶ䛾㧗䛔ᩥ⊩᳨⣴䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛䛯 䜑䚸䠎䛴䛾䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛾⏝䛜᥎ዡ䛥䜜䜛䚹 • ⅊Ⰽᩥ⊩䜔Ꮫㄽᩥ䛺䛹䛾᳨⣴䞉㞟䚸㟁Ꮚ䛥 䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔ᩥ⊩䜢᥈䛩䝝䞁䝗䝃䞊䝏䚸ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䝸䝇 䝖䜢ཧ↷䛧䛯ᩥ⊩㞟䛺䛹䜢⾜䛖䚹 “Chapter 10: Guidelines for conducQng systemaQc reviews of studies evaluaQng the accuracy of diagnosQc tests” 䛄The Evidence Base of Clinical Diagnosis䛅䚷Wiley-‐Blackwell, 2009 “Chapter 7: Searching for studies.” 䛄Cochrane Handbook for SystemaQc Reviews of DiagnosQc Test Accuracy Version 1.0.0.䛅 The Cochrane CollaboraQon, 2013.
- 14. III.ໟᣓⓗ䛺ᩥ⊩᳨⣴䛾ᐇ • ᩥ⊩᳨⣴䛿⌧ྍ⬟䛺䜘䛖䛻グ㍕䛩䜛ᚲせ 䛜䛒䜛䠄ண䜑䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹䛻グ㍕䛩䜛䠅䚹 • ᳨⣴᪉␎䛻䛿௨ୗ䜢グ㍕䛩䜛 䐟⏝䛧䛯䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䜎䛯䛿ሗ※(䛭䜜䜙 䛜䜹䝞䞊䛩䜛ᩥ⊩䛾ᖺ௦⠊ᅖ)䚸䐠⏝䛔䛯᳨⣴ 䝽䞊䝗䜎䛯䛿ᩥ⊩㞟䛾᪉ἲ(䝝䞁䝗䝃䞊䝏䛚 䜘䜃䛭䛾䛾᳨⣴᪉ἲ)䚸䐡᳨⣴䜢⾜䛳䛯᪥ “Chapter 7: Searching for studies.” 䛄Cochrane Handbook for SystemaQc Reviews of DiagnosQc Test Accuracy Version 1.0.0.䛅 The Cochrane CollaboraQon, 2013.
- 15. ᩥ⊩᳨⣴᪉␎䛾グ㍕ 䠘⏝䛧䛯䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䠚The following databases were searched without the use of Qme limitaQons: PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese NaQonal Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Chinese Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc). 䠘᳨⣴᪉␎䠚㻌The search strategy to idenQfy all relevant arQcles involved the use of the following key words: FIB-‐4, aspartate aminotransferase, AST, alanine amino-‐ transferase, ALT, platelet, PLT, hepaQQs B, fibrosis and cirrhosis. 䠘᳨⣴᪉␎䛾ヲ⣽䛿㘓䛻グ㍕䠚 For example, File S1 and S2 displayed the search strategy of Ovid and PubMed respecQvely. 䠘䛭䛾䠚AddiQonal studies were idenQfied via a manual review of the reference lists of idenQfied studies and review arQcles. 䠘᳨⣴䛧䛯 ᮇ䠚This literature search was performed in November 2013. Yuanyuan et al. 2014, Plos One䠄B型肝炎による肝線維化に対するFIB-‐‑‒4 Indexの診断精度度䠅
- 16. IV.◊✲䛾㑅ᢥ㻌 • ᳨⣴䛧䛯ᩥ⊩䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸(1)䝍䜲䝖䝹䠄䜰䝤䝇䝖䠅 䛻䜘䜛䝇䜽䝸䞊䝙䞁䜾䠈(2)ᩥ䛻䜘䜛㐺᱁ᛶ ホ౯䜢⾜䛔䚸䝺䝡䝳䞊䛻ྵ䜑䜛䛛㑅ᢥ䛩䜛ᚲ せ䛜䛒䜛䚹 • ◊✲䛾㑅ᢥ㐣⛬䛷䛿䚸䠎ྡ䛾ホ౯⪅䛜㑅ᢥ 䜢⾜䛖䚹䛣䛾㐣⛬䛿䚸➨䠏⪅䛜⌧䛷䛝䜛䛠䜙 䛔᫂♧ⓗ䛻⾜䛖䚹 “Chapter4: Planning a systemaQc review of diagnosQc test accuracy evidence”, 䛄Synthesizing Evidence of DiagnosQc Accuracy䛅, LippincoZ Williams Wilkins, 2011
- 17. IV.◊✲䛾㑅ᢥ㻌 • PRISMAኌ᫂䛾䝣 䝻䞊䝎䜲䜰䜾䝷䝮䜢 䛖䛣䛸䛷䚸◊✲䛾 㑅ᢥ㐣⛬䛷䛾ᩥ⊩ ᩘ䜔㝖እ⌮⏤䛺䛹 䜢䜎䛸䜑䜛䚹 Moher et al. (2009). Preferred reporQng items for systemaQc reviews and meta-‐ analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. 䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇᳨⣴䛛 䜙ᚓ䜙䜜䛯ᩥ⊩ᩘ 䛾䝋䞊䝇䛛䜙ᚓ䜙 䜜䛯㏣ຍⓗ䛺ᩥ⊩ᩘ 㔜」ᩥ⊩๐㝖ᚋ䛾ᩥ⊩ᩘ 㝖እ䛧䛯 ᩥ⊩ᩘ 㝖እ䛧䛯ᩥ ᩥ⊩ᩘ䛸⌮⏤ 䝇䜽䝸䞊䝙䞁䜾䛧䛯ᩥ⊩ᩘ 㐺᱁ᛶ䜢ホ౯䛧䛯ᩥᩥ⊩ ᩘ ㉁ⓗ⤫ྜ䛻ྵ䜑䛯ᩥ⊩ᩘ 㔞ⓗ⤫ྜ䠄䝯䝍䜰䝘䝸䝅䝇䠅 䛻ྵ䜑䛯ᩥ⊩ᩘ 特 定 吐吆呁䞊 吢呉吇 適 格 性 研 究 双含 叢叀口 叏
- 18. ◊✲䛾㑅ᢥ㐣 ⛬䛾グ㍕ 䠘ホ౯⪅䠎ྡ䛜⊂❧䛻ホ౯䠚 Two reviewers (J Zhang and ZW Xv) independently inspected the Qtle and abstract of each citaQon to idenQfy those studies that were likely to report the diagnosQc value of serum p53 (s-‐p53) anQbody and then obtained the full text. 䠘ホ౯ ୍⮴䛾ᑐฎ䠚Disagreements about study selecQon were resolved by consensus. 䠘䝍䜲䝖䝹䛸 䜰䝤䝇䝖䛷㞴䛧䛔ሙྜ䛿ᩥ䜢 䝏䜵䝑䜽䠚The full text was retrieved for arQcles that could not be excluded based on Qtle and abstract to determine inclusion.(㐺 ᱁ᛶ䛾ホ౯䜒ྠᵝ䛻ᐇ䠅 Zhang et al. 2012, Plos One䠄㣗㐨䛜䜣䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⾑Ύ㻌p53 ᢠయ᳨ᰝ䛾デ᩿⢭ᗘ䠅 Figure 1. Flow chart of study selection by using electronic database and other sources. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052896.g001
- 19. V.䝺䝡䝳䞊䛻ྵ䜑䜛◊✲䛾㉁䛾ᢈุ ⓗホ౯ •䠎ྡ䛾◊✲⪅䛜⊂❧䛻䠈㑅䜣䛰ㄽᩥ䛾᪉ἲ ㄽୖ䛾㉁䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䚹 • デ᩿⢭ᗘ◊✲䛾㉁䛾ホ౯䛻䛿QUADAS䜢⏝ 䛔䜛䚹 䠆2014/10/25䛾ẁ㝵䛾䛄Cochrane Handbook for Systema4c Reviews of Diagnos4c Test Accuracy Version 1.0.0. 䛅䛾” Chapter 9: Assessing methodological quality ”䛷 䛿䚸QUDAS䛾11㡯┠∧䛜᥎ዡ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸ᚋ QUADAS-‐2䛻⛣⾜䛩䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠄᭱᪂䛾RevMan䛷䛿䛩 䛷䛻QUADAS-‐2䛜ᐇ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠅䚹 “Chapter 10: Guidelines for conducQng systemaQc reviews of studies evaluaQng the accuracy of diagnosQc tests” 䛄The Evidence Base of Clinical Diagnosis䛅䚷Wiley-‐Blackwell, 2009 WhiQng et al. (2011). QUADAS-‐2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnosQc accuracy studies. Annals of Internal Medicine, 155(8), 529–36.
- 20. QUADAS-‐2 䝇䝔䝑䝥1 •䝺䝡䝳䞊䜽䜶䝇䝏䝵䞁䛾᫂☜(ᐃẕ㞟ᅋ䚸ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䚸ཧ ↷ᇶ‽䜔ᑐ㇟䛸䛺䜛≧䛾᫂☜䛺ᐃ⩏) 䝇䝔䝑䝥2 • 䝺䝡䝳䞊䛾┠ⓗ䛻≉䛧䛶ㄪᩚ䛩䜛(┠ⓗ䛻ἢ䛳䛶䚸㡯┠䛾 ㏣ຍ䞉๐㝖䜔᥇Ⅼ᪉ᘧ䛻䛴䛔䛶ㄪᩚ䜢⾜䛖) 䝇䝔䝑䝥3 • 䝣䝻䞊䝎䜲䜰䜾䝷䝮䛾సᡂ(୍ḟ◊✲䛜䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ཧຍ⪅䜢 㞟䜑䚸ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䛚䜘䜃ཧ↷ᇶ‽䜢⾜䞉ゎ㔘䛧䛯䛾䛛䝣 䝻䞊䝎䜲䜰䜾䝷䝮䜢సᡂ䛩䜛) • 䝞䜲䜰䝇䛚䜘䜃㐺ᛂྍ⬟ᛶ䛾ホ౯(QUADAS-‐2䜢⏝䛔䛶ྛ୍ ḟ◊✲䛾䝞䜲䜰䝇䛚䜘䜃㐺⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶ホ౯䜢⾜䛖) • 䝇䝔䝑䝥䠎䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸᪤Ꮡ䛾QUADAS-‐2㡯┠䛻ಟṇ䜢 ຍ䛘䛯ሙྜ䛿䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹䛻グ㍕䛩䜛䚹 䝇䝔䝑䝥4
- 21. QUADAS-‐2 • QUADAS-‐2䛿䚸䠐㡿ᇦ䛻ศ䛡䜙䜜䚸11㡯┠䛛䜙ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䜛䚹 ྛ㡯┠䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸䛂䛿䛔/䛔䛔䛘/᫂䛃䛷ᅇ⟅䛧䚸ྛ㡿ᇦ䛤䛸䛻 䝞䜲䜰䝇䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ(䝸䝇䜽:ప/㧗/᫂)䛸䝺䝡䝳䞊䜽䜶䝇䝏䝵䞁䜈 䛾㐺⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ䠄ྜ⮴䛧䛺䛔ᠱᛕ:ప/㧗/᫂䠅䜒ᅇ⟅䛩䜛䚹 㡿ᇦ QUADAS-‐2䛾㡯┠ ཧຍ⪅㑅 ᢥ 䞉ཧຍ⪅䛿㐃⥆䛒䜛䛔䛿䝷䞁䝎䝮䛻䝃䞁䝥䝸䞁䜾䛥䜜䛯䛛 䞉䜿䞊䝇䞉䝁䞁䝖䝻䞊䝹ᆺ◊✲䛷䛿䛺䛔䛛䚹 䞉㐺ษ䛺䝕䞊䝍䛾㝖እ䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䛛䚹 ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ 䞉ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䛾⤖ᯝ䛿ཧ↷ᇶ‽䛾⤖ᯝ䜢▱䜙䛺䛔≧ែ䛷ゎ㔘䛥䜜䛯䛛䚹 䞉㜈್䛜⏝䛔䜙䜜䛯ሙྜ䚸䛭䛾㜈್䛿๓䛻ᐃ⩏䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯䛛䚹 ཧ↷ᇶ‽ 䞉ཧ↷ᇶ‽䛿䝍䞊䝀䝑䝖≧䜢ṇ䛧䛟ศ㢮䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸௬ᐃ䛥䜜䜛䛛䚹 䞉ཧ↷ᇶ‽䛾⤖ᯝ䛿ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䛾⤖ᯝ䜢▱䜙䛺䛔≧ែ䛷ゎ㔘䛥䜜䛯䛛䚹 䝣䝻䞊䛸䝍 䜲䝭䞁䜾 䞉ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝཬ䜃ཧ↷ᇶ‽䛾㛫䛻㐺ษ䛺ᮇ㛫䛜Ꮡᅾ䛧䛯䛛䚹 䞉䛶䛾ཧຍ⪅䛻ᑐ䛧ཧ↷ᇶ‽䜢⾜䛧䛯䛛䚹 䞉䛶䛾ཧຍ⪅䛜ྠ୍䛾ཧ↷ᇶ‽䛷ศ㢮䛥䜜䛯䛛䚹 䞉䛶䛾ཧຍ⪅䛜ゎᯒ䛻ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䜛
- 22. Zhu[29], 2012, China159 (71%) 42 (18,62) unclear METAVIR $15 mm unclear Ucar[18], 2013, Turkey 73 (64%) 42.81612.86 unclear METAVIR unclear Yes Gong[21], 2013, China 41 (73%) 50.8610.3 unclear METAVIR unclear unclear Wang[20], 2013, China 231 (68%) 34.169.8 ,1d Scheuer .15 mm Yes Ji[17], 2011, China 313 (69%) 35.6611.2 1d METAVIR 20 mm unclear Bas¸ar[25], 2013, Turkey 76 (55%) unclear ,1d METAVIR .10 mm Yes Bonnard[19], 2010, France 59 (68%) 3569 0.5–10 m METAVIR 2166 mm Yes Erdogan[11], 2013, Turkey 221 (63%) 43.68612.56 #1d Ishak unclear Yes Wu[30], 2010, China 78 (85%) 32.6612.3 unclear METAVIR .15 mm unclear Mallet[16], 2009, France 138 (71%) 42615 ,1d METAVIR 17.666.8 unclear Seto[24], 2011, China 237 (68%) 38.2 (18,63) same time Ishak $15 mm Yes Zhu[27], 2011, China 175 (78%) 36.569.4 #7d METAVIR .15 mm Yes Liu[23], 2012, China 114 (80%) 38.32611.36 same time METAVIR 15,20 mm unclear Wang[26], 2013, China 149 (93%) 37 (30,42) #2d Scheuer .10 mm Yes Xun[28], 2013, China 197 (76%) 31 (21–45) same time Scheuer .15 mm unclear Zhang[32], 2009, China 86 (60%) 39 (16–64) ,1d METAVIR 15,20 mm unclear Zhang[22], 2012, China 361 (62%) 36611 #7d Scheuer unclear unclear Zhang[31], 2010, China 212 (88%) 3167 1day Scheuer 20 mm Yes グ㍕䠖QUADS-‐2䜢⏝䛔䛯୍ḟ◊✲䛾㉁ 䛾ホ౯䠄䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹䛸ㄽᩥグ㍕䠅 䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹䛷䛾㉁䛾ホ౯䛻㛵䛩䜛グ㍕䠖Two review authors (JFC, MC) will independently assess the methodological quality of each study using a four domain tool adapted from QUADAS-‐2 (WhiQng 2011a). ኚ᭦⟠ᡤ䜒ㄝ᫂We tailored the quality assessment tool to our review quesQon. Cohen et al., (2013) Cochrane Protocol䚷 䠄Ꮚ䛹䜒䛾ဗ㢌⅖䛻䛚䛡䜛A⩌䝺䞁䝃⌫ Literature and search strategy QUADAS-‐2䛾せ⣙䛾グ㍕䠚 ⳦䜢᳨ฟ䛩䜛ᛴ㏿ᢠయ᳨ᰝ䛾⢭ᗘ䠅 ←⾲䛷せ⣙ Mohamed et al., CMAJ, 2014 ᅗ䛷せ⣙→ Yuanyuan et al., Plos one, 2014 The following databases were searched without the use of time limitations: PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Chinese Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc). The search strategy to identify all relevant articles involved the use of the following key words: FIB-4, aspartate aminotransferase, AST, alanine amino-transferase, ALT, platelet, PLT, hepatitis B, fibrosis and cirrhosis. For example, File S1 and S2 displayed the search strategy of Ovid and PubMed respectively. Additional studies were identified via a manual review of the reference lists of identified studies and review articles. This literature search was performed in November 2013. Inclusion criteria Studies were deemed eligible if they met the following inclusion criteria: 1) the study evaluated the performance of the FIB-4 index for the diagnosis of fibrosis in mono-HBV-infected patients before antiviral therapy. Studies including patients with other causes of liver disease were included if data of HBV-infected patients could be extracted. 2) Liver biopsy was used as the reference standard for assessing fibrosis. METAVIR [8] or comparable staging systems doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105728.t001
- 23. VI. 䝕䞊䝍ᢳฟ •᳨⣴䛧䛯ᩥ⊩䛛䜙ᚲせሗ䜢ᢤ䛝ฟ䛩సᴗ䛻 䛚䛔䛶䝭䝇䛜㉳䛣䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䚹௨ୗ䛾䜘䛖 䛺ᡭẁ䜢ㅮ䛨䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛 ①ᶆ‽䛧䛯䝕䞊䝍ᢳฟἲ䛾⏝ ②䝺䝡䝳䞊䛾㛤ጞ๓䛻ᢳฟ䛾䝟䜲䝻䝑䝖䝔䝇䝖 ③䝕䞊䝍ᢳฟ䛾カ⦎䛸ホ౯ ④ಶ䚻䛾◊✲䛛䜙䛾䝕䞊䝍ᢳฟ䛿䠎ྡ䛷ᐇ • ሗ䛜㊊䜚䛺䛔ሙྜ䛿䚸ⴭ⪅䛻ၥ䛔ྜ䜟䛫䜛䚹 “Chapter4: Planning a systemaQc review of diagnosQc test accuracy evidence”, 䛄Synthesizing Evidence of DiagnosQc Accuracy䛅, LippincoZ Williams Wilkins, 2011
- 24. 䝕䞊䝍ᢳฟ᪉ἲ䛾グ㍕ 䠘ホ౯⪅䠎ྡ䛜⊂❧䛻ᢳฟTwo invesQgators (Zi Chen and Hong-‐bing Liu) extracted the following data from independently the selected studies: ᢳฟ䛧䛯ሗ10ಶ(1) year of publicaQon; (2) locaQon of the study; (3) number of tumor Qssue or cytology specimens; (4) IHC methodology䠄௨ ୗ┬␎䠅. 䠘ᐃ䛥䜜䜛␗㉁ᛶ䛾䛯䜑䛻䛥䜙䛻ᢳฟ䛧䛯ሗ䠚In addiQon, for an accurate evaluaQon of heterogeneity, the following characterisQcs of study design were retrieved: (1) whether the study was double-‐blind regarding the results of the immunohistochemical method and the results of the molecule-‐based analysis䠄௨ୗ┬␎䠅.䠘ホ౯୍⮴䛾ᑐฎ 䠚Disagreements were resolved by discussion between Zi Chen and Hong-‐bing Liu. Chen et al. 2014, Plos One䠄㠀ᑠ⣽⬊ᛶ⫵䛜䜣䛻䛚䛡䜛EGFR㑇ఏᏊኚ␗᳨ᰝ䛾デ᩿⢭ᗘ䠅
- 25. VII. 䝕䞊䝍⤫ྜ •䝯䝍ศᯒ䛾䠒䛴䛾䝇䝔䝑䝥(Deville et al., 2002, BMC Med Res Methodol, 2, 9) 1 • ಶ䚻䛾◊✲⤖ᯝ䜢࿊♧ 2 • ␗㉁ᛶ䛾᭷↓䜢᳨ウ 3 • 㜈್ຠᯝ䛾᭷↓䜢᳨ウ 4 • ␗㉁ᛶ䜈䛾ᑐฎ 5 • 㔞ⓗ⤫ྜ䛜㐺ษ䛺䜙䚸⏝䛩䜛䝰䝕䝹䜢Ỵᐃ 6 • 㔞ⓗ⤫ྜ
- 26. ①ಶ䚻䛾◊✲⤖ᯝ䜢࿊♧:forest plot •୍ḟ◊✲䛾ⴭ⪅ྡ䚸Ⓨหᖺ䚸┿㝧ᛶ䜔ഇ㝧ᛶ䛺䛹䛾4䛴 䛾ᣦᶆ䚸ឤᗘ䞉≉␗ᗘ䛺䛹䛻䛴䛔䛶グ㍕䛧䚸ឤᗘ䛸≉␗ ᗘ䛸䛭䛾ಙ㢗༊㛫䠄䜒䛧䛟䛿ᶆ‽ㄗᕪ䠅䜢䝥䝻䝑䝖䛧䛯䜒䛾䚹 • forest plot䛻䛿ឤᗘ䛸≉␗ᗘ䛾䠎䛴䛾ᣦᶆ䛜䝥䝻䝑䝖䛥䜜 䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸coupled forest plot䛸䛔䛖ゝ䛔᪉䜢䛩䜛䛣䛸䜒 䛒䜛䚹 Meta-Analysis of the FIB-4 Index Li et al., (2014), PloS One
- 27. ①ಶ䚻䛾◊✲⤖ᯝ䜢࿊♧: sROC plot • ROCᖹ㠃䛻୍ḟ◊✲䛾ឤᗘ䞉≉␗ᗘ䜢䝥䝻䝑䝖䛧䛯䜒 䛾(RevMan䛾ሙྜ䚸ᅄゅ䛷䝥䝻䝑䝖䛥䜜䚸⦪䛾㛗䛥䛜ឤᗘ䛾⢭ᗘ䚸ᶓ䛾 㛗䛥䛜≉␗ᗘ䛾⢭ᗘ䜢⾲䛧䚸䛝䛔䜋䛹⢭ᗘ䛜㧗䛔䛣䛸䜢⾲䛩䠅 • ⤫ィ䝰䝕䝹䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯sROC᭤⥺ 䜢グ㍕䛩䜛䛣䛸䜒ከ䛔䚹 • ᳨ᰝ㛫ẚ㍑䜢⾜䛖ሙྜ䚸ᙧ䜔Ⰽ䛷 䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾᳨ᰝ䛾ឤᗘ䞉≉␗ᗘ䜢 䝥䝻䝑䝖䛧䚸ྠ୍䛾◊✲䛛䜙ᚓ䜙䜜 䛯◊✲䜢⥺䛷⤖䜣䛰Linked ROC plot䜢⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䜒䛒䜛䚹 “ Chapter 10: Analysing and PresenQng Results.” 䛄Cochrane Handbook for SystemaQc Reviews of DiagnosQc Test Accuracy Version 1.0.0.䛅 The Cochrane CollaboraQon, 2010.
- 28. ②␗㉁ᛶ䛾᭷↓䜢᳨ウ • ୍ḟ◊✲䛾⤖ᯝ䛿䚸ᑐ㇟㞟ᅋ䚸᳨ᰝ䛾ᐇ᪉ἲ䚸᳨ ᰝ⤖ᯝ䛾ゎ㔘䚸ཧ↷ᇶ‽䛾✀㢮䚸᪉ἲୖ䛾䝞䜲䜰䝇 䛾㐪䛔䜔㜈್䛾㐪䛔䛻䜘䛳䛶␗䛺䜛䚹 →デ᩿⢭ᗘ◊✲䛾䝯䝍ศᯒ䛷䛿䚸␗㉁ᛶ䛜⏕䛨䜔䛩䛔 (Willis Quigley, 2011, BMC Medical Research Methodology䠖236䛾デ᩿⢭ᗘ䛾 䝯䝍ศᯒ䜢ㄪᰝ䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䚸70%䛾◊✲䛷␗㉁ᛶ䛜ሗ࿌) • ␗㉁ᛶ䛿䚸forest plot䛻䜘䛳䛶どぬⓗ䛻☜ㄆ䛷䛝䜛䛜䚸 䜹䝑䝖䜸䝣䝫䜲䞁䝖䛾㐪䛔䛻䜘䛳䛶デ᩿⢭ᗘ䛜␗䛺䜛㜈 ್ຠᯝ䛾᳨ウ䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔䛾䛷sROC plot䜒ᚲせ • ධ◊✲䛷⏝䛥䜜䜛I2䛿㜈್ຠᯝ䜢⪃៖䛧䛶䛺䛔䛾 䛷䚸䝁䜽䝷䞁DTA䛷䛿㠀᥎ዡ “Chapter4: Planning a systemaQc review of diagnosQc test accuracy evidence”, 䛄Synthesizing Evidence of DiagnosQc Accuracy䛅, LippincoZ Williams Wilkins, 2011
- 29. ③㜈್ຠᯝ䛾᭷↓䜢᳨ウ • ྑᅗ䛾䜘䛖䛻䚸㜈್ຠᯝ䛜 䛒䜛ሙྜ䚸ᖹᆒ್䛿ㄗ䛳䛯 ⤖ㄽ䜢ᑟ䛟䚹 • 㜈್ຠᯝ䛾᳨ウ᪉ἲ ①୍ḟ◊✲䛾ឤᗘ䛸≉␗ᗘ 㛫䛾Spearman 䛾㡰┦㛵ಀ ᩘ䜢⟬ฟ䛩䜛(Devillé et al., 2002, BMC medical research methodology) →ᙉ䛔㈇䛾┦㛵䛜䛒䜛䛸䚸㜈 ್ຠᯝ䛒䜚 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 ◊✲2 ◊✲1 ◊✲3 ᖹᆒ 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 ឤᗘ ≉␗ᗘ Gatsonis Paliwal, 2006䛾
- 30. ③㜈್ຠᯝ䛾᭷↓䜢᳨ウ • 㜈್ຠᯝ䛾᳨ウ᪉ἲ ②SROC᭤⥺䜢ᥥ䛔䛯sROC plot䛛䜙㜈್ຠᯝ䜢᳨ウ䛩 䜛䛣䛸䜒䛷䛝䜛䚹 →ឤᗘ䞉≉␗ᗘ䛾䝥䝻䝑䝖䛜 SROC᭤⥺䛻䝣䜱䝑䝖䛧䛶䛔䜛 ሙྜ䛿㜈್ຠᯝ䛜⏕䛨䛶䛔 䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹 ◊✲2 ◊✲1 㜈್ຠᯝ䛻䜘 䜛䜀䜙䛴䛝 ◊✲3 ◊✲4 ◊✲5 㜈್ຠᯝ௨እ䛾せᅉ䛻䜘䜛䜀䜙䛴䛝 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 ឤᗘ ≉␗ᗘ • 㜈್ຠᯝ䠙SROC᭤⥺䛻ἢ䛳䛯୍ḟ◊✲㛫䛾䜀䜙䛴䛝 • 㜈್ຠᯝ௨እ䛾せᅉ䠙SROC᭤⥺䛛䜙㊥㞳䛜㐲䛟䛺䜛䜘䛖 䛺䜀䜙䛴䛝
- 31. ④␗㉁ᛶ䜈䛾ᑐฎ • ᭱ึ䛻䚸␗㉁ᛶ䛾ཎᅉ䜢୍ḟ◊✲䜎䛷ᡠ䛳䛶ㄪ䜉䜛 ①␗㉁ᛶ䛾ཎᅉ䛜᫂䜙䛛䛺ሙྜ䛿䚸㐺᱁䞉㝖እᇶ‽ 䛾ኚ᭦or䝃䝤䜾䝹䞊䝥ゎᯒ䠄᥈⣴ⓗ䛺᳨ウ䛿㑊䛡䜛䚹 㐺᱁䞉㝖እᇶ‽䛾ኚ᭦䛿䝕䞊䝍ゎᯒ๓䛻ᐇ䛧䚸䛭䛾 ⌮⏤䜒ሗ࿌䛩䜛䚹䝃䝤䜾䝹䞊䝥ゎᯒ䛿䝥䝻䝖䝁䝹䛾ẁ 㝵䛷グ㍕䛧䛶䛚䛟䚹䠅 ②␗㉁ᛶ䜒⪃៖䛷䛝䜛䝷䞁䝎䝮ຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹䛻䜘䜛ゎᯒ ③␗㉁ᛶ䛜ᙉ䛔ሙྜ䛿䚸䝕䞊䝍⤫ྜ䜢⾜䜟䛺䛔䠃㉁ ⓗ⤫ྜ䜢ᐇ “Chapter4: Planning a systemaQc review of diagnosQc test accuracy evidence”, 䛄Synthesizing Evidence of DiagnosQc Accuracy䛅, LippincoZ Williams Wilkins, 2011 “Chapter 10: Guidelines for conducQng systemaQc reviews of studies evaluaQng the accuracy of diagnosQc tests” 䛄The Evidence Base of Clinical Diagnosis䛅䚷Wiley-‐Blackwell, 2009
- 32. ␗㉁ᛶ䛸㜈್ຠᯝ䛾᳨ウ䛸ᑐฎ䛾グ㍕ • 㜈್ຠᯝ䜢⪃䛘䜛䛸I2䛿᥎ዡ䛥䜜䛺䛔䛜䚸⌧≧䛾ከ䛟䛾䝯䝍ศᯒ䛷 䛿⏝䛔䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄䝷䞁䝎䝮ຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹䜢⏝䛔䛶␗㉁ᛶ䛾ᣦᶆ䜒 ฟ䛫䜛䛜䚸I2䛾䜘䛖䛺ศ䛛䜚䜔䛩䛔ゎ㔘䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔䠅 In addiQon to visual assessment with the use of the forest plots, we formally quanQfied the extent of heterogeneity by calculaQng the inconsistency index (I2 staQsQcs) . StaQsQcally significant heterogeneity was considered present at I2=50%. Yuanyuan et al. 2014, Plos One䠄B型肝炎による肝線維化に対するFIB-‐‑‒4 Indexの診断精度度䠅 䠘㜈್ຠᯝ䛾᳨ウ䠚3-‐tesQng of the presence of cut-‐off threshold effects. 䠘␎䠚We can test for the presence of a cut-‐ off point effect between studies by calculaQng a Spearman correlaQon coefficient between sensiQvity and specificity of all included studies. 䠘␗㉁ᛶ䜈䛾ᑐฎ䠚4-‐dealing with heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis and meta regression could be conducted to detect the heterogeneity between studies. Zhang et al. 2012, Plos One䠄㣗㐨䛜䜣䛻ᑐ䛩䜛⾑Ύ㻌p53 ᢠయ᳨ᰝ䛾デ᩿⢭ᗘ䠅
- 33. ⑤㔞ⓗ⤫ྜ䛜㐺ษ䛺䜙䚸⏝䛩䜛䝰䝕䝹䜢Ỵᐃ䛧 䛯ୖ䛷䚸⑥㔞ⓗ⤫ྜ䜢ᐇ •␗㉁ᛶ䛾᭷↓䛸㜈್ຠᯝ䛾᭷↓䛛䜙䚸㐺ษ䛺䝰䝕䝹㑅 ᢥ䜢⾜䛖䚹デ᩿⢭ᗘ䛾䝯䝍ศᯒ䛷䛿䚸I2䛾䜘䛖䛺౽䛺ᣦ ᶆ䛜䛺䛔䛜䚸ᇶᮏⓗ䛻䛿␗㉁ᛶ䛿㧗䛔䛸⪃䛘䜛䚹どぬⓗ 䜰䝉䝇䝯䞁䝖䜢⾜䛖䛸䛸䜒䛻䚸䝷䞁䝎䝮ຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹䛸๓䛻 ᐃ䜑䛯䝃䝤䜾䝹䞊䝥ศᯒ䜢ᇶᮏ䛸䛩䜛䚹 ␗㉁ᛶ 䛺䛔䠄ྠ㉁䠅 䛒䜛䠄␗㉁䠅 閾 値 効 果 䛺䛔 䞉ᅛᐃຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹(Simple pooling䚸 䛶䛾◊✲䜢䠍䛴䛾2×2⾲䛻䜎䛸 䜑䛶せ⣙) ①䝷䞁䝎䝮ຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹䠄Bivariate䝰 䝕䝹䜔HSROC䝰䝕䝹䠅 ②䝃䝤䜾䝹䞊䝥ศᯒ ③䝯䝍ศᯒ䛧䛺䛔 䛒䜛 䞉ᅛᐃຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹(Moses-‐ LiZenbergἲ)䜢⏝䛔䛯SROC᭤⥺ “Chapter 10: Guidelines for conducQng systemaQc reviews of studies evaluaQng the accuracy of diagnosQc tests” 䛄The Evidence Base of Clinical Diagnosis䛅䚷Wiley-‐Blackwell, 2009
- 34. Moses-‐LiZenbergἲ䛻䜘䜛SROC᭤⥺㻌 • 㜈್ຠᯝ䜢⪃៖䛧䛯䝕䞊䝍⤫ྜ䛻䛚䛔䛶᭷⏝䛺ᅛ ᐃຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹䠄␗㉁ᛶ䛾ᣦᶆ䛜䛺䛔, せ⣙᥎ᐃ್䞉 95%ಙ㢗༊㛫䞉᭤⥺ୗ㠃✚䛜ṇ☜䛷䛺䛔䛺䛹䛾㝈 ⏺䜒䠅 ①Moses-‐LiZenbergἲ䛷䛿䚸ಶ䚻䛾୍ḟ◊✲䛛䜙D䛸 S䜢⟬ฟ䛩䜛䚹 D = logit(ឤᗘ) – logit(1-‐≉␗ᗘ) =log(デ᩿䜸䝑䝈ẚ) S = logit(ឤᗘ) + logit(1-‐≉␗ᗘ) =(┿㝧ᛶ䠆ഇ㝧ᛶ)/ (┿㝜ᛶ䠆ഇ㝜ᛶ)≠㜈್䛾௦⌮ⓗ䛺ᣦᶆ Chapter 10: Analysing and PresenQng Results. 䛄Cochrane Handbook for Systema4c Reviews of Diagnos4c Test Accuracy Version 1.0.䛅 The Cochrane CollaboraQon, 2010
- 35. Moses-‐LiZenbergἲ䛻䜘䜛SROC᭤⥺㻌 ②ồ䜑䛯D䛸S䛸௨ୗ䛾⥺ᙧᅇᖐ䝰䝕䝹 䛛䜙α䛸β䜢᥎ᐃ䛩䜛䠄D 䜢⏝䛔䛯ศᩓ㏫ ᩘ㔜䜏䛡ἲ䜢䛖䜒䠅䚹 䚷䚷D = α+βS +ㄗᕪ㻌 ③௨ୗ䛾ᘧ䚸α䠄ษ∦䚸DOR䛾ᑐᩘ䛾ᖹ ᆒ䠅䛸β䠄ഴ䛝䠅䜢⏝䛔䛶䚸≉␗ᗘ䛛䜙ឤ ᗘ䜢ồ䜑䜛䛜䛷䛝䜛䛾䛷䚸sORC plot 䛻SROC᭤⥺䜢ᘬ䛟䛜䛷䛝䜛 Chapter 10: Analysing and PresenQng Results. 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 䛄Cochrane Handbook for Systema4c Reviews of Diagnos4c Test Accuracy Version 1.0.䛅 The Cochrane CollaboraQon, 2010 E(Sensitivity) = 1 1+ exp − α +(1+β ) logit(1− Specificity) 1−β # $ % ' 0 0 0.5 1
- 36. 㝵ᒙⓗ䝰䝕䝹 • ␗㉁ᛶ䛜䛒䜛ሙྜ䛿䚸䝷䞁䝎䝮ຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹䜢⏝䛔䛶 デ᩿⢭ᗘ䛾᥎ᐃ䜢⾜䛖ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䚹 • デ᩿⢭ᗘ䛾䝷䞁䝎䝮ຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹䛸䛧䛶䛿䚸 ①Bivariate 䝰䝕䝹(Reitsma et al., 2005, Journal of clinical epidemiology)䚸②Hierarchical SROC䝰䝕䝹(HSROC, RuZer Gatsonis, 2001, StaQsQcs in Medicine)䛺䛹 䛾㝵ᒙⓗ䝰䝕䝹䛜䛒䜛䚹 →◊✲ෆኚືᛶ䛸◊✲㛫ኚືᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸Ỉ‽䜢ศ 䛡䛶ゎᯒ䜢⾜䛖䠄㝵ᒙⓗ䝰䝕䝹䠅 䠆R䜔SAS䛷䜒ゎᯒ䛷䛝䜛䛜䚸䜘䜚ᰂ㌾䛺䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾䜢 䛩䜛ሙྜ䛿䚸WinBUGS䜔Stan䜢⏝䛩䜛䚹
- 37. HSROC䝰䝕䝹 RuZer Gatsonis, 2001, StaQsQcs in Medicine • Moses-Littenberg ἲ䛸㻌ྠ䛨䜘䛖䛻㻌α䛸β䜢᥎ᐃ䛩䜛䛾 䛻ຍ䛘䛶, 㜈್θ䜒᥎ᐃ䛷䛝䜛䚹 • 䝺䝧䝹䠍䠖䛒䜛◊✲i䛻䛚䛡䜛㞟ᅋj䠄1=Ẽ䛒䜚, 2= Ẽ䛺䛧䠅䛾㝧ᛶᩘ䛜䝙㡯ศᕸ䛻ᚑ䛖 yij ~ Binomial(nij, πij) 䠆䛒䜛◊✲i䛻䛚䛡䜛㞟ᅋj䠄1=Ẽ䛒䜚, 2=Ẽ䛺䛧䠅䛾㝧ᛶᩘ(yij)䚸ேᩘ (nij)䚸㝧ᛶ☜⋡㻌(πij) logit(πij)=(θi+αi*disij)exp(-β*disij) *disij(Ẽ䛺䛧䛷-0.5䚸Ẽ䛷0.5)䚹θi䛿䚸䝔䝇䝖㜈್䛾䛯䜑䛾䝷䞁䝎䝮ຠᯝ䚹 αi䛿䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾デ᩿⢭ᗘ䛾䝷䞁䝎䝮ຠᯝ䚹β䛿䚸䝇䜿䞊䝹䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛷䛒䜚䚸 ᅛᐃຠᯝ䛻䛺䜛䚹
- 38. HSROC䝰䝕䝹 RuZer Gatsonis, 2001, StaQsQcs in Medicine • 䝺䝧䝹㻌2䠖䝔䝇䝖㜈್䠄θi䠅䛸⢭ᗘ(αi)䛾䝷䞁䝎䝮ຠᯝ 䛿䚸ṇつศᕸ䛻ᚑ䛖䛸䛥䜜䜛䠄䛹䛱䜙䜒ศᩓ䛛䜙␗㉁ ᛶ䜒᳨ウ䛷䛝䜛䠅䚹 θi 2 ( ) αi ~ Normal Θ,σθ 2 ( ) ~ Normal Α,σα • ᅛᐃຠᯝβ䚸䝷䞁䝎䝮ຠᯝΘ䛸A䛛䜙䚸௨ୗ䛾ᘧ䜢⏝ 䛔䛶SROC᭤⥺䜢ᥥฟ䛷䛝䜛䚹㻌 1 Sensitivity = ) #$ 1+ exp −(Αe−0.5β +logit (1−specificity)e−β %
- 39. Bivariate䝰䝕䝹 Reitsma et al., 2005, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology • SROC䝰䝕䝹䜔HSROC䝰䝕䝹䛸䛿␗䛺䜚䚸ឤᗘ䛸≉␗ ᗘ䛾ᖹᆒ್䜔ศᩓ䚸ឤᗘ䛸≉␗ᗘ㛫䛾┦㛵䜢┤᥋ ᥎ᐃ䛩䜛㝵ᒙⓗ䝰䝕䝹䚹 • 䝺䝧䝹䠍䠖ṇデᩘ䛾◊✲ෆኚື䛜䝙㡯ศᕸ䛻ᚑ䛖䛸 䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾 yij ~ Binomial(nij, πij) 䠆䛒䜛◊✲i䛻䛚䛡䜛Ẽ䛾᭷↓䛻ᇶ䛵䛟㞟ᅋj䠄A=Ẽ䛒䜚, B=Ẽ䛺䛧䠅䛻䛚䛡䜛ṇデᩘ(yij)䚸㞟ᅋ䛾ேᩘ(nij)䚸ṇデ⋡(πij) • ṇデᩘ䛛䜙ឤᗘ䛸≉␗ᗘ䜢ồ䜑䝻䝆䝑䝖ኚ䛩䜛 μAi=logit(ឤᗘi)=logit(yiA/niA) μBi=logit(≉␗ᗘi)㻌䠙logit(yiB/niB)
- 40. Bivariate䝰䝕䝹 Reitsma et al., 2005, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology • 䝺䝧䝹䠎䠖logitኚ䛧䛯ឤᗘ䛸≉␗ᗘ䛾◊✲ 㛫ኚື䛜ṇつศᕸ䛻ᚑ䛖䛸䝰䝕䝸䞁䜾 μAi μBi ! ## $ % ~ Normal ## ## $ $ μA μB ! ,Σ % ! % withΣ σ 2 σ A AB σ σ 2 AB B ! ## $ % ◊✲i䛻䛚䛡䜛logit ኚ䛧䛯ឤᗘ䠄μAi䠅 䛸≉␗ᗘ䠄μBi䠅 logitኚ䛧䛯ឤ ᗘ䛸≉␗ᗘ䛾 ᖹᆒ್ logitኚ䛧䛯ឤᗘ䛸 ≉␗ᗘ䛾ศᩓ䠄␗㉁ ᛶ䛾ᣦᶆ䛻䜒䛺䜛䠅 logitኚ䛧䛯ឤ ᗘ䞉≉␗ᗘ㛫䛾 ඹศᩓ 䛺䛚䚸┦㛵䜢௬ᐃ䜢䛧䛺䛔䝰䝕䝹䛾䚸HSROC䝰䝕 䝹䛸Bivariate䝰䝕䝹䛿䚸⤫ィᏛⓗ䛻ྠ➼䛻䛺䜛 䠄Harbord et al., 2007, BiostaQsQcs䠅
- 41. グ㍕䠖ゎᯒἲ䛾グ㍕ For meta-‐analyses, a bivariate random effects model was used to calculate summary esQmates of sensiQvity, specificity, posiQve likelihood raQo (PLR) and negaQve likelihood raQo (NLR), and to fit a hierarchical summary receiver-‐operaQng characterisQc (HSROC) curve. These models take into account potenQal threshold effects and the correlaQon between sensiQvity and specificity. They also allow addiQon of covariates for invesQgaQon of potenQal sources of heterogeneity, thus are standard methods recommended for meta-‐analyses of diagnosQc tests. Yuanyuan et al. 2014, Plos One䠄B型肝炎による肝線維化に対するFIB-‐‑‒4 Indexの診断精度度䠅 To summarise test accuracy data across studies, we fiZed hierarchical summary receiver operaQng characterisQc (HSROC) models 䠄⏝䝋䝣 䝖䛺䛹䠅. The HSROC model accounts for between study variability through the inclusion of random effects that allow for heterogeneity in threshold and accuracy. Ritchie et al., 2014, Cochrane Database Syst Rev䠄䜰䝹䝒䝝䜲䝬䞊䛸䛭䛾䛾㍍ᗘㄆ▱ デ᩿䛻䛚䛡䜛⾑₢䛸⬻⬨㧊ᾮ䜰䝭䝻䜲䝗䝧䞊䝍䠅
- 42. グ㍕䠖ゎᯒ⤖ᯝ䛾グ㍕ 䠘ゎᯒ䛻ྵ䜑䛯◊✲䛻䛴䛔䛶䠚 Twelve studies, including 1,908 paQents (male: 71%; average age: 37.1 years; average prevalence 57.4%) were used in our meta-‐ analysis for tesQng the diagnosQc accuracy of the FIB-‐4 index for predicQng significant fibrosis䠘␎䠚. HSROC䛾⤖ᯝThe area under the HSROC was 0.78 (95% CI = 0.74– 0.81, ྑᅗ). Bivariate䝰䝕 䝹䛻䜘䜛せ⣙ឤᗘ䞉≉␗ᗘThe summary sensiQvity and specificity were 0.71 (95% CI = 0.64–0.77) and 0.73 (95% CI = 0.67–0.78), respecQvely. Yuanyuan et al. 2014, Plos One䠄B型肝炎による肝線維化に対するFIB-‐‑‒4 Indexの診断精度度䠅
- 43. VIII. ⤖ᯝ䛾ゎ㔘 1• 䛺⤖ᯝ䛾せ⣙ 2 • 䝺䝡䝳䞊䛾㛗ᡤ䛚䜘䜃▷ᡤ 3 • 䝺䝡䝳䞊䜽䜶䝇䝏䝵䞁䜈䛾㐺⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ 4 • ⮫ᗋⓗព⩏ 5 • ᚋ䛾◊✲䜈䛾♧၀ “Chapter 11: InterpreQng results and drawing conclusions” 䛄Cochrane Handbook for SystemaQc Reviews of DiagnosQc Test Accuracy Version 1.0.0.䛅 The Cochrane CollaboraQon, 2013.
- 44. 䛺⤖ᯝ䛾せ⣙ 䠄䝁䜽䝷䞁䝺䝡䝳䞊䛾ሙྜ䚸Summary of Finding (SoF)䜢グ㍕) Figure 5: What is the diagnostic accuracy of the Platelia© Aspergillus test for invasive aspergillosis for different cut-off values? (Leeflang 2008) Patients/population Immunocompromised patients, mostly haematology patients Prior testing Varied, mostly physical examination and history (fever, neutropenia) Settings Mostly inpatients in haematology or cancer departments Index test Platelia© Aspergillus test, a sandwich ELISA for galactomannan, an Aspergillus antigen Importance Depends on the time-gain the test may provide Reference standard Gold standard would have been autopsy, but this is virtually never done. Actual reference used: clinical and microbiological criteria Studies Cross-sectional studies including an equally suspected patient sample (case-control studies) were excluded. Studies had to report cut-off values that were used (n = 29). Each study can be present in more than one subgroup. Test / Subgroup Summary accuracy (95% CI) No. of participants (studies) Prevalence Median (range) Cut-off 0.5 Sensitivity 0.79 (0.61- 0.93) Specificity 0.82 (0.71- 0.92) 901 (7) 9.9% (0.8-34%) “Chapter 11: InterpreQng results and drawing conclusions” Implications Quality and Comments With a prevalence of 10%, 10 out of 100 patients will develop IA. Of these, 2 will be missed by the Platelia test (21% of 10), but will be tested again. Of the 90 patients without IA, 15 will be unnecessarily referred for CT scanning. 䛄Cochrane Handbook for SystemaQc Reviews of DiagnosQc Test Accuracy Version 1.0.0.䛅 The Cochrane CollaboraQon, 2013. Low numbers of diseased patients per study (1 to 20). These studies contained a representative spectrum. Uninterpretable results and withdrawals poorly reported. Cut-off 1.0 Sensitivity 0.71 (0.61- 0.81) 1744 (12) 12% (0.8-44%) Of the 10 in 100 patients developing IA, 3 will be missed. Of the 90 patients Low numbers of diseased patients per study (1 to 34).
- 45. 1 • 䛺⤖ᯝ䛾せ⣙ 2 • 䝺䝡䝳䞊䛾㛗ᡤ䛚 䜘䜃▷ᡤ 3 • 䝺䝡䝳䞊䜽䜶䝇䝏䝵 䞁䜈䛾㐺⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ 4 • ⮫ᗋⓗព⩏ 5 • ᚋ䛾◊✲䜈䛾♧ ၀ ①୍ḟ◊✲䛾㉁(QUADS-‐2䛻䜘䜛ホ౯)䚸 ②䝺䝡䝳䞊㐣⛬䛾㉁䠄䝺䝡䝳䞊䛾ྛ㐣⛬䛻 䛚䛡䜛㝈⏺Ⅼ䛾ホ౯䠅䛻䛴䛔䛶ホ౯䛧䚸䝺 䝡䝳䞊䛾㛗ᡤ䛸▷ᡤ䜢䜎䛸䜑䜛䚹 QUADAS-‐2䛾㐺⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ䛾㡯┠䜢ཧ↷䛧䛺 䛜䜙䚸䝯䝍ศᯒ⤖ᯝ䜢䛹䜜䛰䛡䝺䝡䝳䞊䜽䜶 䝇䝏㻌䝵䞁䛻㐺⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䛛⪃ᐹ 䠄㞟䛥䜜䛯୍ḟ◊✲䛿, 䝺䝡䝳䞊䜽䜶䝇 䝏㻌䝵䞁䛻ᛂ䛨䛯ẕ㞟ᅋ䜔◊✲䝕䝄䜲䞁䠛䠅 䜽䝸䝙䜹䝹䝟䝇䛻䛚䛡䜛ᣦᶆ᳨ᰝ䛾⨨䛵 䛡䜔ពᅗ䛧䛯ᙺ(⨨䛝䛘䚸䝖䝸䜰䞊䝆䚸 ㏣ຍ)䜢䛹䛾䛟䜙䛔ᯝ䛯䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛛, ᣦᶆ ᳨ᰝ䛜㝧ᛶ䞉㝜ᛶ䜢♧䛧䛯ሙྜ䛾⤖ᯝ䛻䛴 䛔䛶䜒⪃៖䛧䛶䚸⮫ᗋⓗព⩏䜢᭩䛟 デ᩿䛾⢭ᗘ௨እ䛻ᚲせ䛺㏣ຍ䛾◊✲䛻䛴 䛔䛶ලయⓗ䛺◊✲䝕䝄䜲䞁䜔᪉ἲ䛻䛴䛔㻌 䛶䜒グ㍕䛩䜛䚹ᅇ䛾䝯䝍ศᯒ䛷䛿༑ศ 䛺ሙྜ䚸ሗ࿌䛾㉁䛾㧗䛔◊✲䛺䛹ලయⓗ 䛻䛹䛾䜘䛖䛺◊✲䛜ᚲせ䛛᭩䛟
- 46. ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ ᩍ⛉᭩ •䛄Synthesizing Evidence of DiagnosQc Accuracy䛅(White, S, LippincoZ Williams Wilkins, 2011) • 䛄Handbook for DTA Reviews 䛅hZp:// srdta.cochrane.org/handbook-‐dta-‐reviews • 䛄The Evidence Base of Clinical Diagnosis: Theory and Methods of DiagnosQc Research䠄䠎∧䠅䛅(KnoZnerus䜙, BMJ Books, 2011) QUADAS-‐2 • WhiQng et al. (2011). QUADAS-‐2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnosQc accuracy studies. Annals of Internal Medicine, 155(8), 529–36.
- 47. ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ ゎᯒἲ䛻㛵䛩䜛ㄽᩥ •Moses et al. (1993). Combining independent studies of a diagnosQc test into a summary ROC curve: data-‐analyQc approaches and some addiQonal consideraQons. StaQsQcs in Medicine, 12(14), 1293–316. • Reitsma et al. (2005). Bivariate analysis of sensiQvity and specificity produces informaQve summary measures in diagnosQc reviews. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 58(10), 982–90. • RuZer Gatsonis (2001). A hierarchical regression approach to meta-‐analysis of diagnosQc test accuracy evaluaQons. StaQsQcs in Medicine, 20(19), 2865–84. • Harbord et al.(2007). A unificaQon of models for meta-‐analysis of diagnosQc accuracy studies. BiostaQsQcs, 8(2), 239–51. • Harbord et al.(2008). An empirical comparison of methods for meta-‐analysis of diagnosQc accuracy showed hierarchical models are necessary. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 61(11), 1095– 103.
- 48. ㅰ㎡ • ᮏⓎ⾲䛿䚸◊✲ᐊ䛾ᆏᮏḟ㑻䛥䜣䚸㕥ᮌᙬኟ䛥䜣䚸 ᮴ྲྀᜨኴ䛥䜣䚸⏣᳚Ꮚ䛥䜣䛾༠ຊ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᙧ䛻䛺 䜚䜎䛧䛯䚹῝䛟ឤㅰ䛔䛯䛧䜎䛩䚹