presentazione sui sogni e il sonno in inglese

1. Sleep and dreams
Yllka Kosumi 3G
English presentation

2. What happens when
we sleep?
The 4 stages of sleep
1

3. Stage 1: from awake to asleep
• Alpha waves
• 1-5 minutes
• Your heartbeat, breathing, and eye
movements slow, and your muscles relax
Stage 2: light sleep
• Theta waves
• 10-60 minutes
• Your body temperature drops and eye movements
stop
Stage 3: deep sleep
• Theta + Delta waves
• 20-40 minutes
• Your heartbeat and breathing slow to their
lowest levels
REM sleep: dreams
• Only Delta waves
• 10-60 minutes
• Your breathing becomes faster and irregular, and your
heart rate and blood pressure increase to near waking
levels
• Your arm and leg muscles become temporarily paralyzed,
which prevents you from acting out your dreams

4. Why do we dream?
Theories
2

5. Freud’s theory
They’re a representation of
unconscious wishes and thoughts
They consolidate the
memories
They allows us to consolidate
and process all of the
information and memories of
the previous day
They are therapeutic
Dreams help us deal with strong
emotions, such as fear, sadness,
and love
We can observe situations from a
different point of view
Safe pace where we can process
our feelings or events
External stimuli
One theory says that dreams
are the result of our brains
trying to interpret external
stimuli (such as a dog's bark,
music, or a baby's cry) during
sleep
Dreams Prepare and
Protect
We dream to better
prepare ourselves to
confront dangers in the
real world adaptive
strategy
Spiritual theories
Dreams have a message and you
have to intepretate them
They offer you a great insight into
your consciousness and your
unconscious

6. Do dreams have a
meaning?
The meaning behind the most common drems
3

7. Falling
Falling often expresses a need to let
yourself go more and enjoy life
more, you need to worry less
Being chased
There’s something holding you back,
there is a problem you should be solving
that you are neglecting
Being naked in public
It means that you’re probably afraid
of revealing your imperfections and
your true self
Being late
It suggest you’re missing an
opportunity. You’re involved in
something you don’t like but you’re
still doing it
Flying
You’ve freed yourself from negative
things, it’s a symbol of happiness and
freedom
Meeting a celeb
It is therefore possible that people
who feel "invisible" in everyday life
dream of celebrities to compensate
for the lack of energy and power
recognized by others

8. Strange facts about
dreams
Strange facts
4

9. You Forget 90% of Your Dreams
Within 5 minutes of waking half of your dream is
forgotten
Blind People also Dream
People who became blind after birth can see
images
People who are born blind can’t see images but
they can have vivid dreams involving their other
senses
Everybody dreams
Except in cases of extreme psychological
disorder everybody dreams, even if you don’t
remember
Not Everybody Dreams in Color
12% of people dream black and white
``This Man``
Since 2006 many people claimed that
they have seen this man’s face
regurarly in their dreams.
It’s still a mistery
You dream a lot in your life
The average person spends six years of
their life dreaming. In fact you dream 5
to 7 dreams every night
Men and Women Dream Differently
Men dream more about other man
(70%), and women’s dream contains
almost an equal number of men and
women
You can’t read while dreaming, or tell
the time
Thanks to this, you can tell if you’re
dreaming or not
EVERY NIGHT THROUGHOUT THE
WORLD HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE
DREAM ABOUT THIS FACE

10. Lucid dreams
Conscious dreams
5

11. What Are Lucid Dreams?
Lucid dreams are when you know that you’re
dreaming while you’re asleep.
You’re aware that the events flashing through
your brain aren’t really happening but the dream
feels vivid and real
How to Have Lucid Dreams
Notice unusual details in your dream to alert yourself that
it’s not real (clocks, smartphones,…)
You can try to do something impossible like to push your
finger through your palm or inhale through a closed mouth
Dream diary: people that write their dreams are more likely
to lucid dream because they’re more focused on them
Wake back to bed (WBTB): you set an alarm after sleeping
for a few hours, you have to stay awake for 30 minutes and
then go back to sleep
Benefits
Enhance of creativity and release of anxiety due to
nightmares
Dangers
Less sleep quality, confusion, delirium, and
hallucinations
Researches:
51% of the population have had at least 1 lucid
dream in their life
Introspective people have more control
Brain MRIs from those who can control dreams
often show that the brain has more gray matter