2. • 中国的医疗卫生服务体系主要由医院、基
层卫生机构、专业公共卫生机构等构成。
• The Chinese healthcare system comprises
hospitals, local healthcare institutions and
specialized public health institutions.
• 中医学是中国传统医学的主流。
• Traditional Chinese medicine serves as the
mainstream of the Chinese medical tradition.
3. 第一节 中国医疗卫生现状
Chinese Healthcare: An Overview
• 一、中国医疗卫生服务体系
• Chinese Healthcare System
• 1、医院Hospitals
• 公立医院是中国医疗服务体系的主体，承担着医疗、
医学教学、医学科研以及政府规定的公共卫生服务、
紧急医疗救援等任务。
• Public hospitals are the main bodies of the Chinese
healthcare system and carry the responsibility of
providing medical care, offering medical education,
conducting medical research and other duties
requested by the government such as providing public
health service and emergency health aid.
4. • Hospitals are organized
according to a three-tier
system, and are designated
as Class 3，Class 2 and Class
I institutions (top down).
Further，these three classes
are subdivided into 3 levels:
A B and C.
6. 3、专业公共卫生机构
Specialized Public Health Institutions
• 专业公共卫生机构主要提供专业
公共卫生服务，包括疾病预防控
制中心、急救中心（站）、妇幼
保健机构、采供血机构、卫生监
督机构等。
• Specialized public health
institutions include disease
prevention and control centers,
emergency centers, maternity and
child healthcare institutions，
blood collection and supply
institutions, and health
supervision agencies.
7. • 服务内容主要有：疾病预防
控制、急救、妇幼保健、采
供血等。
• They provide
various professional health
services such as disease
prevention and control, first
aid, maternity and child
healthcare, and blood
collection and supply services.
8. 二、中国传统医学Traditional Chinese Medicine
• 1、中国传统医学的形成与发
展
• Traditional Chinese medicine
originated from the Han
nationality and has been the
mainstream of traditional
Chinese healthcare for two
thousand years.
• The traditional medicine of
other ethnic groups is called
ethnic medicine。
9. • 2、民族医学的代表
• 藏族医学
• Tibetan Medicine
• Tibetan medicine has a
long history and obvious
effects.
10. • The most common Tibetan
medicines include
Cordyceps sinensis and
Rhodiola.
12. • 回族医学Hui Medicine
• 回族医学是中国传统医学
与阿拉伯一伊斯兰医学结
合的产物。回族医学使用
的药物主要以香药为主。
Hui medicine is the
combination of traditional
Chinese medicine and
Arab-Islamic medicine. It is
well-known for its fragrant
medicine
14. 第二节神奇的中医The Magical of
Traditional Chinese Medicine
• 一、中医发展史The Development of Traditional
Chinese Medicine
• 1、中医体系的建立
• 《黄帝内经》The Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor
• The Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor, which was
written more than two thousand years ago，is a
summary of many doctors，theories and experiences.
It describes the basic theory of traditional Chinese
medicine，including human physiology, pathology，
diagnosis，treatment，health and other aspects.
16. • 东汉张仲景所写的《伤寒杂病论》是中国第一
部理论联系实际的临床医学专著，确立了中医
“辨证论治”基本原则。因此，张仲景被后世
尊称为“医圣”。
• The Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and
Miscellaneous Diseases written by
Zhang Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty is
the first clinical monograph integrating theory
with practice in China, which establishes the basic
principles of “Syndrome Differentiation and
Treatment”. Therefore，Zhang Zhongjing has
been called a “Medical Sage” by later generations.
17.
18. • 2、中医理论的发展Development of Theories of
Traditional Chinese Medicine
• 《千金方》
• 唐朝的名医孙思邈系统地总结了前人的医学成
就，写成了《千金方》。他认为人的生命特别
贵重，价值干金，因此将书名称作《千金方》。
Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Pieces of Gold
• Sun Simiao ，a famous doctor in the Tang
Dynasty believed that human life was extremely
valuable and worth a thousand pieces of gold.
21. • “Materia Medica is the
name of medicine
in ancient China. Li
Shizhen found that
there were many errors
in the records of drugs
at that time, so he
ersonally practiced and
made a comprehensive
collation and summary
of pharmacology.
22. • 二、中医的核心观念The Core Concepts in
Traditional Chinese Medicine
• 1、天人合一Oneness of Heaven and Man
• “天人合一”是中国传统文化中最核心的观
念之一。这里的“天”指的是自然规律。人们
在长期的观察与实践中逐渐形成了这样的
认识：人类依赖自然而生存，自然界的变
化与人体状态的变化密切相关。
23.
24. • “Oneness of Heaven and Man” is one of the
core concepts in Chinese culture, “Heaven”
here refers to the law of nature.
• In long-term observation and practice, people
have gradually formed the understanding that
human beings depend on nature to survive,
and the changes of nature are closely related
to changes in the human state.
26. • The concept of “Heaven and Man” emphasizes
that man and nature are a harmonious whole.
• Chinese culture has paid special attention to
the natural laws such as the movement of the
sun and the moon，the change of seasons
and so on, and advocated the harmony and
unity between man and nature.
27. • 2、“气”——阴阳——五行Qi， Yin & Yang,
and the Five Elements
• “气” Qi
• 中国文化认为，人与自然是一个整体，二
者有着共同的源头——“气”。“气”是宇宙中
运动不息的物质，日月、海洋、土地、动
物、植物，宇宙间的一切都是“气”运动变化
的产物。
28. • Chinese culture believes that Man and Heaven
are a whole, and they share a common source，
which is called Qi. “Qi” is the ever-moving
essence matter in the universe. The sun, the
moon, oceans, lands, animals and plants 一
everything in the universe is the product of
the movement and change of “Qi”.
29. • “气”与阴阳
• 阴阳的关系可以用太极图来表现，二者在运动
中此消彼长，共同形成一个不可分割的整体，
永远保持和谐与平衡。
• The relationship between Yin and Yang can be
seen in a Taiji diagram. The increase of one thing
always goes with the decrease of another thing.
And in the movement, they form an indivisible
whole and maintain harmony and balance forever.
30.
31. • “气”与五行Qi and the Five Elements
• 五行可以看做“气”的五种运动状态，用“木”
“火” “土” “金”“水”五个符号来表达。
• The Five Elements can be regarded as the five
movement states of Qi which are expressed by
five symbols of wood, fire, earth, metal and
water.
32. • 三、针灸与推拿Acupuncture and Massage
• 1、针法Acupuncture
• 针法是以针为工具，通过一定的刺激人体
穴位以治疗各种疾病的方法。
• Acupuncture is a treatment method in which a
needle is used as a tool to produce a
therapeutic effect by stimulating acupuncture
points in the human body.
37. • 3、推拿Massage
• 推拿是运用各种手法作用于人体体表的一种治疗方
法。推拿的基本手法包括推、摩、按、拍等，通过
剌激人体的穴位以达到疏通经络、促进气血运行等
作用。
• Massage is a treatment that uses various techniques to
act on the humanbody surface. The basic methods of
massage include pushing, rubbing，pressing，patting,
etc” stimulating the acupuncture points of the human
body to achievethe functions of dredging the meridians
and promoting the operation of blood and other bodily
functions.
39. • 四、中医与生活Traditional Chinese Medicine and Life
• “春生、夏长、秋收、冬藏”，人体的状态和自然界的变化是相
适应的。所谓健康的生活方式，就是人们根据季节的转换，及
时调整自身的起居、饮食、情志、行为，从而与自然的节律和
谐 同步。
• Spring germinates, summer grows, autumn converges, and winter
stores.
The changes in the natural world and the state of the human body
are all related. The so-called healthy lifestyle means that people
adjust their own daily life, diet, emotions and behaviors according
to the seasons, synchronizing themselves with the rhythm of nature.
41. • Spring
• In the spring, as the temperature gradually
rises，vegetation sprouts, everything
recovers, and vitality is displayed everywhere.
The energy of the human body is in a
state of excitation. Therefore, the principle of
health in spring is “germination”.
45. • Summer
• In summer, the climate is hot，and the rains
come. The plants grow rapidly and the flowers
bloom, creating a colorful scene. The energy
of the human body is in an outward
dissipating state. Therefore, the summer
health policy is “growth or development”.
48. • Autumn
• In autumn, the climate cools and rainfall
decreases. Vegetation gradually fades, and the
earth shows a scene of tranquility and
coldness. The body’s energy distribution
gradually moves from the body surface to the
inner body. Therefore, the principle of health
in autumn is “convergence”.
51. • In winter, the climate is cold, the water is
frozen, and the natural world is hidden. The
human body gradually enters a state of
conserving energy. Therefore, the principle of
health in winter is “storage”.
54. 第三节 走进中药的世界
Entering the World Of Chinese Medicinal
• 一、认识中药Chinese Medicinal
• 中医理论指导下应用的药物被称为“中药”，
主要由植物药（根、茎、叶、果、种子）、
动物药（内脏、皮、壳、骨）和矿物药组
成。由于植物类药材最多，使用也最普遍，
所以中药也被称为“本草”。根据近年的数据，
中药总数约在八千种左右。
55. • Chinese medicinal refers to the medicines
applied under the guidance of traditional
Chinese medicine theory. It is mainly
composed of medicines from plants, animals，
and minerals. Because most of the medicines
are plants, traditional Chinese medicine is also
known as “herbal medicine”. According to
recent data, there are approximately 8,000
different types of Chinese medicines.
58. • The Origin and Development of Chinese Medicinal
• Regarding the origin of Chinese medicinal, the story of
uShennong tastes the herbs” is one of the most
important. Legend has it that in ancient times，
people ate wild food and often fell ill and died. In order
to make people healthy，Shennong tasted the
“hundred herbs” seeking medicine for healing.
He discerned the cold, warm, sweet, bitter and other
properties of the “hundred herbs” and was poisoned
many times in this process. In the end，Shennong died
of eating poisonous herbs, but he left valuable medical
knowledge for the people.
61. • China’s Time-honored Pharmacy
• Tongren Tang in Beijing and Hu Qingyu Tang in
Hangzhou are the two most well-known traditional Chinese
pharmaceutical establishments.
• Tongren Tang was founded in 1723 and provided medicines
for eight emperors,hence it is a veritable royal pharmacy.
For more than three hundred years, Tongren Tang has been
known for authentic medicine and excellent processing.
• Hu Qingyu Tang was founded in 1874 by a businessman
named Hu Xueyan.Hu Qingyu Tang took “No Cheating” as
its motto to promote honest business and management.
Adhering to this principle, Hu Qingyu Tang has been open
for more than 100 years and is known as the “Medicine
King of South China”
64. • 二、中药治病的奥秘The Mystique of
Chinese Medicinal Treatment
• 1、中药的性质与作用The Nature and Role of
Chinese Medicinal
• 中药的神奇作用在于其独特的“偏性”，这种
偏性主要体现在“气”与“味”两个方面。
• The magical effect of Chinese medicinal lies in
its unique “bias，which ismainly reflected in
the two aspects of “auras” and “flavors”.
70. • 2、如何获得一味好中药How to Get Good
Chinese Medicinal
• 采集中草药有着严格的时间控制。一种药
材在不同的时节、不同的时间采集，疗效
则有很大的不同。
• 为了充分发挥药物的疗效，或克服某些毒
采集后的中药一般都要经过炮制处理，才
能最终使用，如干燥、水蒸、加热等。
71. • The collection of the Chinese herbal medicinal
materials has strict time control.
• In order to give full play to the efficacy of the
drug, or to overcome certain toxic side effects，
Chinese medicinal is generally processed by
drying, steaming, heating，etc.，in order to
be used.
72.
73. • 3、中药配伍的奥秘The Mystique of Chinese
Medicinal Compatibility
• 尽管单个中药也可以治疗某些疾病，但由
于人体疾病的复杂性，大多数情况下，需
要多个中药互相配合使用才能达到治疗的
效果。
• 每个中药都有独特的性质，中药之间的关
系也像人与人之间的关系一样。
74. • Although a single Chinese medicinal can be used
to treat certain diseases,
due to the complexity of human diseases, in most
cases, multiple Chinese
medicinals need to be used together to achieve
therapeutic effects.
• Each Chinese medicinal has a unique nature, and
the relationship between
Chinese medicinals is also like the relationship
between people.
75. 第四节 中国医学的国际传播
• 一、中医在国际上的影响The Influence of
Traditional Chinese Medicine in the World
• 一千多年以前，以中医为代表的中国医学
就已经传播于世界许多国 家，与亚洲、欧
洲等国进行了医药文化的交流。
• 公元6世纪，中国医学就已经在朝鲜传播，
并由朝鲜传入日本。同期，中国医学也经
由“丝绸之路”传入阿拉伯国家，还随着僧侣
往来传入印度。
76. • The Influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the
World
• More than a thousand years ago, traditional Chinese
medicine had already spread into and interacted with
the medical culture in Asia and Europe. In the
6th century, traditional Chinese medicine had already
traveled to Korea, where it spread to Japan. In the
same period, traditional Chinese medicine was
introduced to the Arab countries via the Silk Road and
was also introduced to India by clergymen.
78. • Beginning in the 12th century, Western
missionaries came to China and when they left，
they introduced acupuncture and herbal
medicine to Europe.
79. • Korean ：Traditional Korean medicine is
formed on the basis of traditional Chinese
medicine。
• Japan：Japanese localized Chinese medicine
is called Kampo Medicine.
• Singapore：the number of patients treated in
traditional Chinese medicine accounts for
about 30% of the total number of outpatients.
82. • Australia is the first Western country to
recognize traditional Chinese medicine by
legislation。
• Hungary is the first country in Europe to enact
traditional Chinese medicine legislation.
• 44 states and the District of Columbia of the
United States have passed legislation allowing
traditional Chinese medicine acupuncturists to
practice
83. • 二、中医教育国际化The Internationalization
of Traditional Chinese Medicine
• 中国各中医药学校都有留学生教育，每年
各国留学生人数仅次于学习汉语的留学生
人数。留学生教育也从短期培训发展到学
历教育，本科生和硕土、博士研究生的入
学人数正在逐渐增多。
84.
85. • All the TCM schools in China have education
programs for international students. The
number of international students studying
TCM per year is second only to the number of
international students studying Chinese.
