This presentation includes a general description of hazards and explanation in detail of each natural disaster and manmade disasters.

2. A hazard may be defined as a
dangerous condition or event that is
capable of causing injury, loss of life
, damage of property , livelihood or
environment .

3. There are several types of hazards , which because of deep
effects on us and on our property , are of great concern
to us . The chief among them are , however, the following :
 Earthquakes.
 Landslides.
 Floods.
 Cyclones.
 Droughts.

4. Fires , rail , road and air accidents , terrorist
attacks , chemical and industrial accident ,
epidemics etc . Now we shall be dealing with
earthquakes ,landslides , floods , cyclones ,
droughts .

5. The sudden mild and violent shaking of a part 0f the earth is called
earthquakes . It is generally a accompanied by a rumbling sound and
tremors .
The point where this vibration originate is called the focus of the
earthquakes . The point above the focus on the earth’s surface is called the
epicentre of the earthquakes .

6. One of the main causes of earthquake is
the movement of the molten rock inside
the earth’s crust .
Earthquakes occurs in places where the
earth’s crust is weak.
The tectonic or horizontal movement of
the earth brings about disturbances in
its interior portions and thus causes
earthquake .

7. Landslides are slipping masses of rock, earth
or debris which move by force of their own
weight down mountain slopes or river banks.
Some of the causes of the landside are as follows :
1. When some mountains ranges made up of
unsolid sediments any parts of their slide
down due to gravitation pull of earth.
2. The river flowing through the
unconsolidated go on weaking result as
collapsing .
3. Sometimes deforestation also leads to
landslides.

10. Floods occurrence countries are
Bangladesh, China, and India.
In India the most flood prone
basins are those of Ganga in
northern plains , Brahmaputra in
Assam and deltas of the Mahanadi,
Godavari , Kaveri and Krishna etc.

13. Drought may be defined as a
period of unusually prolonged
and dry whether in such areas
where rain is otherwise normally
expected. The very word drought
brings to our mind a picture
food, fodder, unemployment.

14. 1.Prolonged scarcity of rainfall due to scarcity
of water, food etc.
2.Afforestation
3.Excessive use of ground water or surface
water .
4. Global warming causes changes in rainfall
leads to drought.

15. Drought is a perennial problem in
many parts of the world. It is wide
spread in Africa , Sudan , Chad ,
Mali , Sahara desert.
In India , Rajasthan, Orissa
,Chhattisgarh , Jharkhand and some
parts of Gujarat Karnataka ,
Maharashtra , A.P. etc. face drought
conditions frequently.

16. In India , earthquakes occur frequently in
areas such as foot-hills of the Himalayas
and Ganga –Brahmaputra valley
.earthquakes of great intensity occurred in
Assam, North Bihar, Kashmir, Kumaon
Hills, etc. India had experienced some of
the world’s most devastating
earthquakes.

17. Landslides are common
mountainous regions especially
those which are situated along the
river banks. In India landslides are
common in the mountainous
regions of the north and north
eastern parts.