Remote Home Automation Using Arduino and GSM

I
A
PRACTICAL TRAINING REPORT
SUBBIMITED On
“PCB DESIGNING”
In partial fulfilment
For the award of the
Diploma
In electronics engineering department
Submitted by: - Submitted to: -
RAMKESH MEENA Mr. RATIRAM MEENA (H.O.D.)
SECOND YEAR ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
EL20190008/023
Guided by:-
Mrs. YASHWANT SINGH (lecturer)
. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
. BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION RAJASTHAN
JULY 2021

III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Any endeavor cannot lead to success unless and until a proper platform
is provided for the same. This is the reason I find myself very fortunate
to have undergone my industrial training of 28 days at IHT JAIPUR
.The persons of my department and all other departments have extended
a warm and helping hand.
I am very fortunate to have had a chance to feel the gravity of what role
Electronics Engineering plays in the industry. It was a golden
opportunity for me to get a chance to experience what it feels to be in a
company where discipline, quality and hard work are the motto. This
training helped me a lot in bridging the gap between the theoretical and
the practical aspects of my knowledge.
I am also thankful to MRS. GARIMA SHARMA for giving me an
opportunity to undergo training in such a renowned company.
My heartily thanks to MR. RITURAJ SIR who was my project
manager & my guide through the project works. They always went out
of their way to help me at all times. Their experience & knowledge
motivated me to bring out the best in times. I am sure that the
knowledge & information that I have gained during this period would
be of immense value for my growth in the field of Electronics
Engineering.

IV
TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENT PAGE NO.
INTRODUCTION Ⅰ
CERTIFICATE Ⅱ
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Ⅲ
TABLE OF CONTENTS Ⅳ
LIST OF FIGRURES Ⅴ
Sr. NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. CIRCUIT COMPOSITION 2
2.1 PASSIVE INFRARED SENSOR 2
2.2 ARDUINO UNO 3
2.3 GSM MODULE 5-6
3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 7
3.1 LANGUAGE 7
3.2 ARDUINO IDE 8
4. WORKING 9
5. CODE 12
5.1 FOR-7-SEGMENT 12-16
5.2 FOR TRAFFIC LIGHT 16-17
5.3 ADVANTAGES 18
6. FUTURE SCOPE 18

V
LIST OF FIGURES
S.NO CONTENT PAGE NO.
2.1.1 PIR SENSOR 2
2.2.1 ARDUINO UNO 3
2.2.2 PIN DIAGRAM OF ARDUINO UNO 4
2.3.1 GSM MODULE (900-A) 5
2.3.2 PIR DIAGRAM OF GSM (900-A) 5
2.3.3 STRUCTURE OF A GSM NETWORK 6
3.2.1 ARDUINO IDE 8
4.1 FLOW CHART OF HOME SECURITY SYSTEM 10
4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 10
7. CONCLUSION 19
8. REFRENCES 20

1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
In the present day, security systems play an important role in the protection of lives and
investment. This is achieved by the incorporation of various subsystems into the security
system with a single control unit such as surveillance, intruder control, access control, fire
detection, etc. A smart home is one that is equipped with lighting, heating, and electronic
devices that can be controlled remotely by smartphone or via the internet. An internet
based home automation system focuses on controlling home electronic devices whether
you are inside or outside your home . Home automation gives an individual the ability to
remotely or automatically control things around the home. A home appliance is a device
or instrument designed to perform a specific function, especially an electrical device, such
as a refrigerator, for household use. The words appliance and devices are used
interchangeably.
Automation is today’s fact, where things are being controlled automatically, usually the
basic tasks of turning ON/OFF certain devices and beyond, either remotely or in close
proximity . Automation lowers the human judgment to the lowest degree possible but
does not completely eliminate it. The concept of remote management of household
devices over the internet from anywhere, any time in the world today can be a reality.
Assume a system where from the office desk, the user could view the status of the devices
and decides to take control by tuning his TV set to his favourite channel, turns on the
cooling system, say the air conditioner, and switches on or off some of the lights. This
user could walk back home and only find a very comfortable, pleasant home.
The recent developments in technology which permit the use of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi
have enabled different devices to have capabilities of connecting with each other [3].
Using a WIFI shield to act as a Micro web server for the Arduino eliminates the need for
wired connections between the Arduino board and computer which reduces cost and
enables it to work as a standalone device. The Wi-Fi shield needs connection to the
internet from a wireless router or wireless hotspot and this would act as the gateway for
the Arduino to communicate with the internet. With this in mind, an internet based home
automation system for remote control of home appliances is designed.

2
Chapter 2
CIRCUIT COMPOSITION
2.1 PASSIVE INFRARED SENSOR (PIR SENSOR)
PIR sensors are used to detect living being movement. PIR is a Passive Infrared sensor,
which detect infrared rays. All living being with a temperature above absolute zero emits
heat energy in the form of radiation. These radiations are infrared ray. Human eye cannot
see these rays because these rays are radiated at infrared wavelength. When any living
being comes in range of PIR sensor, it detects heat of that living being and generates an
output. PIR sensor module does not send any rays for detection; its only detects heat
(Infrared). Passive elements are those elements that don’t generate their own voltages or
energy. They just only measures things. So we can say that this sensor is a passive
infrared sensor and it doesn’t generate anything by itself. It is only capable to measure the
radiations emitted by other objects around it. It measures those radiations and do some
desired calculations.
PIR sensor has total 3 pins:
1. Pin#1 is of supply pin and it is used to connect +5 DC voltages
2. Pin#2 is of output pin and this pin is used to collect the output signal which is collected
by PIR sensor.
3. Pin#3 is marked as GND pin. This pin is used to provide ground to internal circuit of
PIR sensor.
Fig 2.1.1 PIR Sensor

3
2.2 ARDUINO UNO
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino
consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a
microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical
board.
The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with
electronics, and for good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the
Arduino does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to
load new code onto the board
Fig 2.2.1: Arduino UNO

4
Fig 2.2.2: Pin Diagram of Arduino UNO

5
2.3 GSM Module
System for Mobile Communication is an open, digital cellular technology used for
transmitting mobile voice and data services. A GSM modem is a specialized type of
modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator.
A GSM modem connected to a computer, allows the computer to use the GSM modem to
communicate over the mobile network. GSM modems can also be used for sending and
receiving SMS and MMS messages. AT commands are used to control GSM module.
ATD are commands are used for calling
Fig 2.3.1: GSM Module (900A)
Fig 2.3.2 Pin Diagram of GSM(900A)

6
History:
In 1983, work began to develop a European standard for digital cellular voice
telecommunications when the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications
Administrations (CEPT) set up the Group Special Mobile (GSM) committee and later
provided a permanent technical-support group based in Paris. Five years later, in 1987, 15
representatives from 13 European countries signed a memorandum of
understanding in Copenhagen to develop and deploy a common cellular telephone system
across Europe, and EU rules were passed to make GSM a mandatory standard.[4]
The
decision to develop a continental standard eventually resulted in a unified, open, standard-
based network which was larger than that in the United States. In February 1987 Europe
produced the very first agreed GSM Technical Specification. Ministers from the four big
EU countries cemented their political support for GSM with the Bonn Declaration on
Global Information Networks in May and the GSM MoU was tabled for signature in
September. The MoU drew in mobile operators from across Europe to pledge to invest in
new GSM networks to an ambitious common date. In this short 38-week period the whole
of Europe (countries and industries) had been brought behind GSM in a rare unity and
speed guided by four public officials: Armin Silber horn (Germany), Stephen Temple
(UK), Philippe Dupuis (France), and Renzo Faille (Italy).[9]
In 1989 the Group Special
Mobile committee was transferred from CEPT to the European Telecommunications
Standards Institute.
Fig 2.3.3 Structure of a GSM network

7
Chapter 3
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Language:
Embedded C is a set of language extensions for the C programming language by the C
Standards Committee to address commonality issues that exist between C extensions for
different embedded systems. Historically, embedded C programming requires
nonstandard extensions to the C language in order to support exotic features such
as fixed-point arithmetic, multiple distinct memory banks, and basic I/O operations. In
2008, the C Standards Committee extended the C language to address these issues by
providing a common standard for all implementations to adhere to. It includes a number
of features not available in normal C, such as fixed-point arithmetic, named address
spaces and basic I/O hardware addressing. Embedded C uses most of the syntax and
semantics of standard C, e.g., main() function, variable definition, data type declaration,
conditional statements (if, switch case), loops (while, for), functions, arrays and strings,
structures and union, bit operations, macros, etc. A Technical Report was published in
2004 and a second revision in 2006.
3.2 Arduino IDE:
The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-
platform application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in the programming
language Java. It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino board. The source code
for the IDE is released under the GNU General Public License, version 2. The Arduino
IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code structuring.[4]
The
Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which provides many
common input and output procedures. User-written code only requires two basic
functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and linked
with a program stub main() into an executable cyclic executive program with the GNU
tool chain, also included with the IDE distribution.[5]
The Arduino IDE employs the

8
program avrdude to convert the executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding
that is loaded into the Arduino board by a loader program in the board's firmware.
Fig 3.2.1: Arduino IDE

9
Chapter 4
WORKING
The project mainly focuses on providing security when the user is away from home’s
mobile technology that can perform remote technology communication wherever they
are. Through this facility messages can send quickly, accurately and at a low cost. Mobile
phone integrated security systems, where the information send by a security system to
user mobile phone in the form of call.
C programming language is used in making this system, the program was applied to
create a security system works automatically, which can make a way to communicate
with user mobile phone when there is a security breach in the house. Modular in design
use to make easy expandable for add more sensors to the core system microcontroller
platform.
The system contains PIR sensors to detect obstacle, GSM Module for communicate with
GSM Phone. The whole system is controlled by microcontroller. The system collects all
information from PIR sensors, process that information and sends call to corresponding
GSM mobile phone number by using a GSM modem.
If PIR sensors detect any obstacle in covered area then a signal send to microcontroller,
controller activate GSM and make a call to the home owner mobile phone using the GSM
Module shown in fig.
The system organized in several units like microcontroller, interfacing, GSM module and
PIR sensors The project mainly focuses on providing security when the user is away from
home’s mobile technology that can perform remote technology communication wherever
they are. Through this facility messages can send quickly, accurately and at a low cost.
Mobile phone integrated security systems, where the information send by a security
system to user mobile phone in the form of call.

10
Fig 4.1 Flow Chart of home security system
Fig 4.2 Circuit Diagram

11
The working of the project is explained below:
PIR sensor detects motion by sensing the difference in infrared or radiant heat levels
emitted by surrounding objects. The output of the PIR sensor goes high when it detects
any motion. The range of a typical PIR sensor is around 6 meters or about 30 feet.
For proper operation of PIR sensor, it requires a warm up time of 20 to 60 seconds. This
is required because, the PIR sensor has a settling time during which it calibrates its sensor
according to the environment and stabilizes the infrared detector.
During this time, there should be very little to no motion in front of the sensor. If the
sensor is not given enough calibrating time, the output of the PIR sensor may not be
reliable.
When the PIR sensor detects any motion, the output of the sensor is high. This is detected
by the Arduino. Arduino then communicates with the GSM module via serial
communication to make a call to the pre-programmed mobile number.
An important point to be noted about PIR sensors is that the output will be high when it
detects motion. The output of the sensor goes low from time to time, even when there is
motion which may mislead the microcontroller into considering that there is no motion.

12
Chapter 5
CODE
5.1 For 7-SEGMENT:
int led1 = 0;
int led2 = 1;
int led3 = 3;
int led4 = 4;
int led5 = 5;
int led6 = 6;
int led7 = 7;
void setup() {
pinMode(led1 , OUTPUT);
pinMode(led2 , OUTPUT); pinMode(led3 , OUTPUT); pinMode(led4 , OUTPUT);
pinMode(led5 , OUTPUT); pinMode(led6 , OUTPUT); pinMode(led7 , OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(led3 , HIGH);
digitalWrite(led1 , LOW);

13
delay(1000);
delay(1000);
delay(1000);

14
delay(1000);
delay(1000);
delay(1000);

15
delay(1000);
delay(1000);

16
delay(1000);
}
5.2 For TRAFFIC LIGHT:
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
const int rs=12,en=11,d4=5,d5=4,d6=3,d7=2;
LiquidCrystal lcd(rs,en,d4,d5,d6,d7);
int green=6;
int yellow=7;
int red=8;
int motore=1;
void setup(){
lcd.begin(16,2);lcd.print(millis()/1000);
pinMode(green,OUTPUT);
pinMode(yellow,OUTPUT);
pinMode(red,OUTPUT);
pinMode(motore,OUTPUT);}
voidloop(){digitalWrite(green,HIGH);

17
digitalWrite(yellow,LOW);
digitalWrite(red,HIGH);
digitalWrite(motore,HIGH);
delay(10000);
digitalWrite(yellow,HIGH);
digitalWrite(green,LOW);
digitalWrite(red,LOW);
digitalWrite(motore,LOW);
delay(10000);}

18
ADVANTAGES
 Low cost.
 Easy to implement.
 Low power consumption.
 Automated operation.
FUTURE SCOPE:
Future suggestions of this project are very great considering the amount of time and
resources it saves. This system can be used as reference or as a base for realizing a
scheme to be implemented in other project of greater including the audio-visual camera
by sending the captured images to an email instantly. The project itself can be modified to
achieve a complete home automation system which will then create a motion system
which will then create a platform for user to interface between himself and his
households.

19
CONCLUSION
The Home security system feature become draws much attention in the future. People
getting more concerned to protect their house from unauthorized people. This system can
monitor a house by use of sensors that integrated with a microcontroller and a GSM unit.
A calling mechanism is used to alert users via mobile phone when a possible intrusion
occurs.
Today almost every one using mobile phone so by use this system user will not have to
carry additional device to monitor their house. This system is design using modularity to
become a flexible system that can be add more sensors without change the whole system,
only add some sensors to increase systems functionality. So this system is a modular
home security system by using call function to communicate between system and user.
The project model can be used in places such as banks, office.
Theft tricks have becoming now possible to control it, which different depending on the
location and type of things. Modern devices entered in all areas, became easy to narrow
the opportunities for robber in several different ways without cost of considerable
material. Microcontroller has been used for design a security and reliability system for the
home. GSM has been used for calling purpose to the owner (Under any circumstances
and in any place) to inform him that his house has been hacked.

20
REFERENCES
 Mahendran.N, Geo Joe Mathai, Veenesh.M.U,"Multiple sensor feeding supported,
building automation system using arduino platform”, With Exposure of 802.15.4
Functionalities, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, Vol.
4, Issue 2, 2013.
 SheikhIzzal Azid, Bibhya Sharma,"Intelligent Home: SMS Based Home Security
System”, With Immediate Feedback, World Academy of Science, Engineering
and Technology, Vol. 72, 2012.
 Sadeque Reza Khan, Ahmed Al Mansur, AlvieKabir, Shahid Jaman, Nahian
Chowdhury,"Design and Implementation of Low Cost Home Security System
Using GSM network", International Journal of Scientific and Engineering
Research, Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2012.
 Wikipedia.

Remote Home Automation Using Arduino and GSM

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