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論文紹介 第5回
2017.9.12
Wataru Endo
1
概要説明
目的
「各自が自分自身の理解の為に、他者へ論文を整理して紹介すること」
機械学習を中心とした論文紹介としますが、あまりジャンルは絞りません。
日時
毎週火曜 18:00~19:00 (業務外)
詳細
1. 自分がやっているテーマ、自分の興味がある論文を紹介してください。
2. 1人の持ち時間は15分。10分紹介・5分質疑。
3. その時々の紹介内容に興味ある方の参加を歓迎します。
4. 発表希望者は#ai_machine_learningへ、前日までに投稿してください。
(遠藤まで口頭・メールでもok)
5. 参加予定の方は、当日昼頃までに#ai_machine_learning上で意思を表明してください。
もし参加者がいない場合は、翌週以降に合わせて発表する形にします。
その場合、延期になった発表枠は持ち越します。
例:先週未発表分+今週分=30分など
6. 発表頂く方が主役の場としたいと思います。
妙に偉そうな聴講者にはならないようにしましょう。
2
論文紹介 第5回
9/12(火)18:00~19:00(最大) 東京:3F北大会議室,大阪:20F会議室
1. 18:00~18:15 遠藤
Abstract Meaning Representation for Sembanking
http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W13-2322
2. 18:15~18:30 ----
対人コミュニケーションにおける非言語行動の2者相互間に関する研究
3. http://ir.library.osaka-
u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/11094/5842/1/jjisp06_101.pdf
4. 18:30~18:45 -
5. 18:45~19:00
3
Abstract Meaning Representation for Sembanking
Laura Banarescu,ClaireBonial,Shu Cai,MadalinaGeorgescu,Kira Griffitt, Ulf Hermjakob,KevinKnight,
PhilippKoehn,Martha Palmer,and NathanSchneider.2013.
概要:
AMRを提案した。
AMRは英語に偏ったもの。
AMRの仕様、AMRを作るために必要なエディタ、評価の為の
ツールを提供した。
貢献:
AMRを提案した。
4
AMRとは(AMRの目指すもの)
• AMRはルートを持つラベル付きのグラフで、人間にとって簡単に読め、プ
ログラミングでき、考察することができる。
• AMRの狙いは、構文上の性質から離れて抽象化すること。AMRは同じ構
文木を同じ意味を持つ文章へ対応付けようとする。例えば、”he described
her as a genius”,”his description of her: genius”, “and “she was a
genius, according to his description”は全て同じAMRとなる。
• AMRはPropBank framesets(K ingsbury and Palmer, 2002;Palmer et
al., 2005)を拡張して使う。例えば、あるフレーズ“bond investor”
を”invest-01”のように。動詞がフレーズに現れないにもかかわらず。
• AMRは、私たちがどうやって文章から意味を引出すか関知しない。また反
対に、文章をAMRへ翻訳しようとする際に、特定のシーケンスを要求しな
い。これはSembankingを高速化するとともに、研究者に彼らのアイデア
(どうやって文章は意味的に関連しているのかについて)を探索することを
可能とする。
• AMRは英語にひどく偏っている。国際的に通用する人工言語ではない。
5
p.178 イントロダクションより
AMR Format (いくつか紹介) 1/2
6
AMR Format (いくつか紹介) 2/2
• General semantic relations.
• :accompanier, :age, :beneficiary, :cause, :compared-
to, :concession, :condition, :consist-
of, :degree, :destination, :direction, :domain, :duration, :employed-
by, :example, :extent, :frequency, :instrument, :li, :location, :manner,
:medium, :mod, :mode, :name, :part, :path, :polarity, :poss, :purpos
e, :source, :subevent, :subset, :time, :topic, :value.
• Relations for quantities.
• :quant, :unit, :scale.
• Relations for date-entities.
• :day, :month, :year, :weekday, :time, :timezone, :quarter, :dayperiod,
:season, :year2, :decade, :cen-tury, :calendar, :era.
• …etc (詳細は論文参照。また、仕様書もある。)
7
Limitations of AMR
• 完璧な文法をカバーしているわけではない。
• 時制と数字は省略
• History teacherはOKだけどHistory professorは×。
このような場合には、NomBank (Meyers etal., 2004) を使ってほしい。
8
AMR create
• AMRを作るエディタを用意した。
Web interface
9
SMATCH
(How to evaluate AMR tasks)
• AMRを評価するメソッドを用意した
10
関連研究:
P. Kingsbury and M. Palmer. 2002. From TreeBank
toPropBank. In Proc. LREC.
A. Meyers, R. Reeves, C. Macleod, R. Szekely,V.
Zielinska, B. Young, a nd R. Grishman. 2004.The
NomBank proje ct: An interim r eport. In HLT-
NAACL 2004 workshop: Frontiers in corpus anno-
tation.
11

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Abstract Meaning Representation for Sembanking