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Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 1
Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients
Dr. Andrew Cox
CP 6691 Research Methodology
Valerie Lake
Troy University
December 12, 2013
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 2
Abstract
Stalking is a prevalent issue that is often underreported and not discusses in both clinical
settings and the general public (Carr, Goranson, and Drummond, 2013). According to Pathe`,
Mullen, and Purcell (2002) stalking is a pattern of behaviors incorporating repetitive and
insistent endeavors to force unwelcomed communications or interactions upon another person.
Carr et al (2013) estimate that in the general United States population, 16% of women and 5% of
men are stalked, and 6%-11% of mental health professionals are stalked by a client during their
career. Carr et al (2013) then went on to state how negative of an effect stalking has on both the
personal and professional lives of these providers that is compounded by universal and
individual aspects.
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 3
Section I:
Introduction to Proposed Research Topic
Introduction to the topic:
As stated by Carr, Goranson, and Drummond (2013) commonly speaking, stalking
includes repetitive, persistent unwanted behaviors that cause a person to fear for their life, of
harm, and/or of death to family, friends, or themselves. This is a predominant concern that goes
frequently unreported and under discussed both in the general community and in clinical
locations (Carr et al, 2013). Among mental health professionals, 6%-11% of providers will be
stalked by a client during their career. The significance to the practice of a mental health
professional is the ethical standard of not harming one’s client (Purcell, Powell, & Mullen,
2005). According to Purcell et al (2005) there is no parallel responsibility by clients not to harm
their mental health provider. Even though the typical clients who seek out psychological support
want a more or less suitable therapeutic bond with their mental health provider, there is alarm
about a marginal of clients who infringe upon and stalk their provider.
Importance and Significance of the Problem:
Stalking has a significant undesirable influence on both the personal and professional
lives of mental health professionals whom are stalking victims that is compounded by the logical
and different features (Carr et al, 2013). Some stalking behaviors involve a little more than trivial
annoyances, but more severe cases can destroy a clinician’s career (Pathe`, Mullen, & Purcell,
2002). Infrequently, but sadly, some clinicians have lost their lives to stalking (Pathe` et al,
2002). Stalking can quite possibly lead to physical violence towards the victim or their family
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 4
and friends, and even when it does not the emotional ramifications of being stalked can be
substantial (Gentile, Asamen, Harmell, & Weathers, 2002). Evolving research points out that the
stalking of these professional by their clients is a prominent problem (Purcell et al, 2005). Carr et
al (2013) stated that it is estimated that as a whole the in United States population, 16% of
women and 5% of men are stalked.
Pathe` et al (2002) stated that stalking has materialized as a substantial social concern and
now establishes a particular criminal offense in many jurisdictions. Multiple researchers agree
that it is important to focus on the relevant issues relating to the stalking of mental health
professionals by their clients due to the fact that stalking behaviors are becoming more abundant
and may be cooperative to clinical intervention (Purcell et al, 2005); Pathe` et al, 2002 . It is
essential to educate mental health professionals and facilities on how to ethically and dutifully
deal with stalking types of situations to abate harm to the client, mental health professional, and
other persons that may be involved (Carr et al, 2013).
Purpose of the Research:
Mental health professionals and facilities that are and that are not having stalking issues
or concerns need to learn how to properly deal with the problem at hand effectively, but also
ethically so that no one is harmed. The purpose of this study is to asses the prevalence of mental
health professionals who have been involved in a stalking incident with one (or more) of their
client(s), the protocols set in place by the facility for stalking incidents, and the training that the
professionals receive to deal with stalking situations by their clients. The study will be conducted
by sending out a survey questionnaire to licensed mental health professionals in the southern
region.
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 5
 Hypothesis: Mental health professionals are at a higher risk of being stalked than the
general public, predominantly by their clients.
 Null Hypothesis: Mental health professionals are not at a higher risk of being stalked than
the general public, predominantly by their clients.
 Testing Instrument: Victims Stalking-Domestic Abuse, Stalking, and Honor Based
Violence (VS-DASH 2009) Risk Identification Assessment and Management Model
(Sheridan, Roberts, & Richards, 2009).
 Independent & Dependent Variables: None
Scope of the Study:
Brief Overview of Procedures and Methods to be used in the research proposal:
The research study will involve a random selection of mental health facilities in the in the
southern region (to include Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia) of the
United States via email. Since the email will originate from Troy University, a Counseling
faculty member will oversee the research study being conducted by the research student. Each
facility will receive the same email containing the same survey questionnaire to be completed by
all of their licensed and/or certified mental health professionals.
The survey questionnaire that will be used in the study was created by Sheridan, Roberts,
and Richards (2009) on behalf of the ACPO and in partnership with CAADA. The survey has a
total of eleven yes or no answer questions for each mental health professional to answer
honestly.
The research student will begin sending out the survey questionnaire in February of 2014
and the study will last for five weeks total. Each facility will have two weeks to take the survey
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 6
that should take approximately twenty to thirty minutes to complete. After the two week period
has ended the research student will use the remaining three weeks to compile all of the received
data.
Potential limitations for the research study:
A potential limitation of this research is the results of the study possibly may not be
universal to other mental health professionals and facilities that are not in the selected region or
facilities and professionals not selected within the region to take the survey.
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 7
Section II:
Description of Research Setting:
The research study will take place at five randomly selected mental health facilities in
each of the southern states (to include Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia)
of the United States. Each licensed and/or certified mental health employee at a selected facility
will be instructed to take the survey in an office that provides privacy for them to honestly
answer each question. The email will be compiled on the Troy University- Phenix City campus,
located at One University Place, Phenix City, AL 36869.
Population and Sampling Procedures:
The population of the research study will include licensed and/or certified employees of
five different mental health facilities in the southern states (to include Alabama, Arkansas,
Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee,
Virginia, and West Virginia). It is estimated that the research student will entail 1000 to 2000
participants. Once the selection process is complete the facility will then provide the survey via
email to only the employees who meet the licensed, certified, and/or registered criteria.
The research student will use cluster sampling to choose the five different facilities in the
specified states selected for the study. The license and/or certificate of the employees will then
be verified to make sure they meet the criteria for the research study.
ResearchInstrumentation:
Name of Instrument:
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 8
 Victims Stalking-Domestic Abuse, Stalking, and Honor Based Violence (VS-DASH
2009) Risk Identification Assessment and Management Model (Sheridan, Roberts, &
Richards, 2009).
Describe the Purpose and Nature of the Instrument:
 The purpose of this model is to save lives through early risk identification, intervention
and prevention and
 To create one standardized practical tool to refer cases to the Multi-Agency Risk
Assessment Conference (MARAC), to share information and manage risk effectively
Technical Aspects of the Instrument to Include:
Operational Definitions:
Stalking: The repeated and persistent unwanted harassment, communications, and contacts that
create fear in the victim (Galeazzi, Elkins, & Curci, 2005).
Mental Health Professional: Inclusive of psychiatrists, psychologist, psychiatric and mental
health nurse practitioners, social workers, therapists, counselors, trainees in these fields, and any
other clinician providing direct mental health services (Carr et al, 2013).
License: a method by which an organization of government awards approval to an individual to
employ in a given profession upon ruling that the candidate has achieved the minimal degree of
competency necessary to warrant that the public health, safety, and welfare will be ethically well
protected (Shimberg, 1981).
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 9
Certification: process by which a governmental or nongovernmental organization awards credit
to an individual who has met specific predetermined credentials set by a credentialing
organization (Shimberg, 1981).
Client: a person in receipt of a professional service, including a person being treated by a
professional psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, or counselor (Colman, 2009).
ResearchDesignand Data Analysis:
The researcher will use a survey and a correlational design. This will allow the researcher
to analyze the number of mental health professional employees who have experienced stalking
within their work settings. In addition, the research student will explore the degree of
relationship among mental health professionals’ experience, age, gender, diagnoses, continuance
in employment, and stalker characteristics.
Data Analysis:
Data analysis will be completed using descriptive and correlational statistics. Descriptive
statistics will include the means and standard deviations for all obtained data. This data will be
presented in a tabular form.
Correlational procedures will be used for data analysis. This will include the multiple
correlation procedure. Descriptive statistics will also be used to explore the extent of stalking
among mental health professionals.
Privacy:
Privacy is of the utmost importance to every research student, faculty supervisor, facility
employee, and facility management person involved in the research study. Any files that will be
kept on a computer will be encoded and password protected. The computers used in the research
study will be kept private in under lock and key. Any information obtained, as well as the means
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 10
used to obtain information, will be kept in both a fireproof and disaster proof cabinet locked in a
room. Any information obtained will be kept for at least five years time.
Proposed Summary and Conclusion:
Mental health professionals are at greater risk of being stalked by their clients than the
general public. By completing this research study, mental health facilities and other human
services can see the potential threat of stalking amongst their employees and push for better
trainings and protocols to help ensure the safety of their not only their employees but their clients
as well.
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 11
Section III:
Overview of proposed research
In this research study the research student is expecting to find that mental health
professionals are at greater risk than the general public of becoming stalking victims, principally
by the clients that they help. By comparing the results of the research study to results of studies
done on the general public the research student hopes to show just how serious stalking by
clients is. The education on stalking behavior and the types of stalkers presented in the research
study are acute characteristics of the study and can shed light on an ongoing problem within our
nation’s mental health facilities.
Introduction
The literature of the study shows how much of a negative impact stalking has on mental
health professionals. Studies show that victims of stalking done by a current or previous client
seek counseling, change there place of residence, or quit just to escape the harassment. Stalking
has a chronic and pervasive effect on mental health professionals’ lives due to the intense fear
that is often generated; the intimate nature of the crime; inadequate support from professional
organizations, peers, and agencies; and the long duration of many stalking cases (Carr et al,
2013). There are also social consequences of being stalked that Carr (2013) states can play a role
in the lack of support victims receive from peers and associates. The lack of support, blame, and
guilt can lead to amplified levels of anxiety and mistrust.
Review of the literature
Purcell et al (2005) stated that developing research shows that the stalking of mental
health professionals by their clients is a significant professional concern and Carr et al (2013)
mentions that many of these professionals have been found to have insignificant, at best, training
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 12
on how to deal with stalking behavior from their clients. The key to the training of psychology is
the ethical standard to in no way harm one’s client (Purcell et al, 2005), but the problem remains
how does a professional not harm their client in anyway when they become a stalking victim by
that said client. Some stalking behaviors entail of more than just trivial frustrations and some of
the more severe cases can destroy a professionals career, or even cost them their life (Pathe` et
al, 2002). Even when stalking cases do not lead to physical violence, the emotional
complications of being stalked can be significant, and in those occasional cases that the
behaviors do become physical victims can lose their lives to the hands of the stalker (Gentile et
al, 2002).
Although the lawful explanations of stalking do not state certain time periods, it is
progressively more apparent that harassing behaviors ranging past two weeks establish clinically
substantial stalking (Pathe` et al, 2002). Pathe` et al (2002) and Baum (2011) describe these
behaviors as the following, but not limited to, phone calls, letters, emails, unwanted gifts,
following the victim at home, work, and/or at school, unapproved surveillance, making false
complaints and accusations, cancelling services on the victim’s behalf, property theft and/or
damage, threats, and physical and/or sexual violence. These behaviors hinder how these
professionals can continue their daily life tasks without fear, turmoil, and aggravation. Carr et al
(2013) approximates that 20 to 30% of the individuals stalked in the United States seek out
counseling, and roughly one in seven stalking victims eventually changes their residence in an
effort to get away from their stalker.
Professionals who offer care to the mentally ill must be equipped to assess and manage
aggressive behavior, select which course of action is best in different situations is often difficult
to do (Sandberg, McNiel, Binder, 2002), but when you add the stress and turmoil that comes
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 13
with being a victim of stalking by the client you are trying to help it proves to be even more
difficult. These problems only escalate for professionals because the complications cause them
other problems as well such as financial losses, friend isolation, employment issues and
concerns, and family problems (Sandberg et al, 2002). Pathe` et al (2002) reported that in one
case the harassing behaviors of some of their stalkers had a disturbing effect on the staff and the
subsequently the functioning of the facility itself. Professionals of a study conducted in
Australia, informed researchers that nothing in their training had equipped them for such
instances and they ended up feeling discouraged, helpless, and dissatisfied with their profession.
Stalking is a serious matter in both the general public and mental health settings. Mental
health professionals are susceptible to being stalked by their clients and, far from offering helpful
perceptions that daunt the behavior, their training can prove to be a limitation. Not even a mental
health professional’s gender or their position can give them protection from the lengthened
harassment or fascination of a patient-turned-stalker (Pathe` & Meloy, 2013). The subsequent
social, psychological, and vocational impairment can, nevertheless, be reduced through early
acknowledgment, educated advice, and the support of colleagues, friends, and family (Pathe` et
al, 2013). Pathe` et al (2013) states that this experience is not unexpected, given the nature of the
therapeutic relationship and of the larger probability than other corrections, and certainly most of
the general population, of coming across mentally disordered and unhinged individuals with a
greater tendency to participate in such harassing behavior
Summary
Largely, the stalking of mental health professionals by their clients is an imperative and
morally compounded matter that essentially needs to continue to be studied in order to produce
the most operational approaches to manage stalking behaviors by clients. Using the studies and
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 14
findings from other researchers and future research, professionals can find a means of endowing
mental health professionals who have or could fall victims to stalking by a client. Research can
also help these professionals respond appropriately when faced which such a perplexing and
devastating situation such as being stalked by a client. Changes, knowledge, trainings,
improvements should be welcomed by other researchers and professionals to not only better
serve the workers, but the clients as well.
If the research study proves true protocols, training, and education need to become a top
priority of both mental health facilities and professionals in order to properly help the
professional and the client ethically.
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 15
Referencces
Baum, K. (2011). Stalking victimization in the United States. DIANE Publishing.
Carr, M. L., Goranson, A. C., & Drummond, D. J. (2013). Stalking of the Mental Health
Professional: Reducing Risk and Managing Stalking Behavior by Patients. Journal Of
Threat Assessment And Management, doi:10.1037/tam0000003
Colman, A. M. (2009). Oxford dictionary of psychology. Oxford University Press.
Galeazzi, G. M., Elkins, K., & Curci, P. (2005). Emergency psychiatry: the stalking of mental
health professionals by patients. Psychiatric Services, 56(2), 137-138.
Gentile, S. R., Asamen, J. K., Harmell, P. H., & Weathers, R. (2002). The stalking of
psychologists by their clients. Professional Psychology: Research And Practice, 33(5),
490-494. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.33.5.490
Hughes, F. A., Thom, K., & Dixon, R. (2007). Nature & prevalence of stalking among New
Zealand mental health clinicians. Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health
services, 45(4), 32-39.
Jones, L., & Sheridan, L. (2009). Stalking and harassment of mental health professionals by
patients in a community forensic service. British Journal of Forensic Practice, The,
11(1), 30-37.
McIVOR, R. J., & Petch, E. (2006). Stalking of mental health professionals: an underrecognised
problem. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 188(5), 403-404.
Pathé, M. T., Mullen, P. E., & Purcell, R. (2002). Patients who stalk doctors: their motives and
management. Medical journal of Australia, 176(7), 335-338.
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 16
Purcell, R., Powell, M. B., & Mullen, P. E. (2005). Clients Who Stalk Psychologists: Prevalence,
Methods, and Motives. Professional Psychology: Research And Practice, 36(5), 537-543.
doi:10.1037/0735-7028.36.5.537
Sandberg, D. A., McNiel, D. E., & Binder, R. L. (2002). Stalking, threatening, and harassing
behavior by psychiatric patients toward clinicians. Journal of the American Academy of
Psychiatry and the Law Online, 30(2), 221-229.
Sheridan, L., Roberts, K., & Richards, L. (2009). Victims Stalking-Domestic Abuse, Stalking,
and Honor Based Violence (VS-DASH 2009) Risk Identification Assessment and
Management Model.
Shimberg, B. (1981). Testing for licensure and certification. American Psychologist, 36(10),
1138-1146. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.36.10.1138
Werth Jr, J. L., Welfel, E. R. E., & Benjamin, G. A. H. (2009). The duty to protect: Ethical,
legal, and professional considerations for mental health professionals. Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 17
Appendix A
To Whom This May Concern:
I, Valerie Lake, am writing your facility to request your permission to conduct a research study
involving your licensed and/or certified mental health professionals. The purpose of the research
study is to determine whether or not mental health professionals are at a greater risk of being
stalked than the general public, predominately by their clients.
The study will involve all of your current employees who are licensed and/or certified mental
health professionals. Each employee will be given a emailed survey called the Victims Stalking-
Domestic Abuse, Stalking, and Honor Based Violence (VS-DASH 2009) Risk Identification
Assessment and Management Model. This survey includes eleven yes or no answer questions
and should take approximately ten to fifteen minutes to complete. Each participant will have
exactly two weeks to take the survey and submit it back to the research student. At the end of the
two week period the research student will use a correlational design to compile all of the survey
answers that will then be compared to results of the general public. This comparison will allow
the research student to determine if mental health professionals are in fact at a greater risk of
being stalked than the general public.
All licenses and/or certificates will be verified before any employee can receive the survey.
Submitted respectfully,
Valerie Lake, Research Counselor
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 18
Appendix B
To Whom This May Concern:
I, Valerie Lake, am writing you to request your participation in a research. The purpose of the
research study is to determine whether or not mental health professionals are at a greater risk of
being stalked than the general public, predominately by their clients.
The study will involve all of the current employees who are licensed and/or certified mental
health professionals. Each employee will be given an emailed survey called the Victims
Stalking- Domestic Abuse, Stalking, and Honor Based Violence (VS-DASH 2009) Risk
Identification Assessment and Management Model. This survey includes eleven yes or no
answer questions and should take approximately ten to fifteen minutes to complete. Each
participant will have exactly two weeks to take the survey and submit it back to the research
student. At the end of the two week period the research student will use a correlational design to
compile all of the survey answers that will then be compared to results of the general public. This
comparison will allow the research student to determine if mental health professionals are in fact
at a greater risk of being stalked than the general public.
All licenses and/or certificates will be verified before any employee can receive the survey.
Submitted respectfully,
Valerie Lake, Research Counselor
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 19
Appendix C
Informed Consent Form
(To Be Read By Research Participant)
Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients
I am Valerie Lake, a psychology student at Troy University (Phenix City Campus), and I am
conducting a study under the supervision of Dr. Andrew Cox. We hope to determine if mental
health professionals are at a greater risk of being stalked than the general public, predominately
by their clients. You are being asked to participate in this study because you are a licensed
and/or certified mental health professional.
If you choose to participate and you will take an eleven question survey called Victims Stalking-
Domestic Abuse, Stalking, and Honor Based Violence (VS-DASH 2009) Risk Identification
Assessment and Management Model. The survey should take no more than ten to fifteen minutes
to complete.
There are some risks involved with participating in this research. Your confidentiality will be
protected by the fact that we are not collecting your name and to further protect your
confidentiality, you may want to take the survey at a time and place where you have privacy. All
computers used in the collection and compiling of the research data will be encrypted and
password protected. Any data made into a hard copy will be locked in a secure safety box, that
has a lock, and behind a door that will be locked at all times. It is possible that answering
questions about stalking could cause stress or anxiety. If you feel that you may be upset by these
questions, you should not participate in this study.
A benefit of this study is that you may help us to better understand stalking in mental health
facilities and how individuals are educated about stalking and stalking protocols and trainings.
Only Valerie Lake and Dr. Andrew Cox will have access to your information. The data from this
study will be kept on our computers for at least five years. Any publications or presentations
based on this research will refer to individual participants using code names or we will present
information in a group form so that no participant can be identified.
Your participation is completely voluntary and you have the right to refuse to participate, to skip
any questions you do not wish to answer, or to terminate your participation at any time without
consequence.
If you have any questions or concerns about the study contact Dr. Cox at (334)-297-1007 or
email him at acox@troy.edu. If you have any questions or concerns about your rights as a
research participant please feel free to contact the Institutional Review Board at (334)-808-6294
or email them at irb@troy.edu.
By taking the survey, you are indicating that you have read this form and have agreed to
participate. You may want to print this page for your records.
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 20
Appendix D
Troy University
Institutional Review Board
Application for Institutional Review Board Review
General Instructions for Completion of Protocol: Unless otherwise instructed, type
all information in the area below each question, using as much space as necessary.
I. Principal Investigator(s) Note: Supervising faculty members who will be co-authoring with
their students should list themselves as co-principal investigators.
1) Name: Valerie Lake Title: Graduate Student
Department: Counseling and Psychology Campus: Phenix City
Email: vlake36711@gmail.edu Phone: 334-465-5749
2) Name: Title:
Department: Campus:
Email: Phone:
If PI is a student:
Is this study part of a Thesis, Dissertation, or DNP project? __Yes X No
Faculty Advisor information:
Name: Dr. Andrew Cox Title: Professor
Department: Counseling and Psychology Campus: Phenix City
Email: acox@troy.edu Phone: 334-297-1007-
II. Title of the project: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients
III. Dates of proposed research: Beginning: February 2014 Ending: March 2014
IV. Source of funding for the protocol: Government Grant
V. Purpose of the study:
Brief explanation of why you are doing this study (200 words or less):
Mental health professionals are around mentally ill clients on a daily basis. They have to
properly equipped and knowledgeable in their respected fields of study and learn how to properly
manage their time and make informed, but ethical, decisions for their clients. Of these
professionals a number of them have reported being stalked and harassed by either a former or
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 21
current client at some point in their chosen career. The purpose of this research study is to
determine if mental health professionals are at a greater risk of being stalked than the general
public, predominately by their clients.
Hypotheses (if applicable)
Mental health professionals are at a greater risk of being stalked than the general public,
predominately by their clients.
Anticipated findings:
Mental health professionals are at a greater risk of being stalked than the general public
Mental health professionals are not at a greater risk of being stalked than the general public
VI. Description of Participants and Recruitment:
Age of participants: _X_19 and over ____under 19 (specify age(s)): __________
Anticipated number of participants: __1000 to 2000___
From where will you recruit the participants? Note that to minimize the perception of
coercion, the IRB strongly discourages PIs from recruiting students from their (or their
supervisor's) courses.
I will recruit mental health professionals from mental health facilities within the southern region
of the United States.
What is your relationship to the participants?
I will not know any of the participants involved in the research study unless one of the facilities
selected happens to be near Phenix City and Troy, AL, which is where I currently live and have
lived.
How will you recruit the participants? If using printed material, attach a copy. If verbally
describing the study to a pool of potential participants, attach your script.
The facilities will be randomly selected using a cluster model and the participants will be the
employees of the selected facilities.
Compensation: If compensation (of any kind -- monetary, extra credit, gift, etc.) is to be
awarded for participation in the study, describe below. Be specific and include the monetary
value of any gifts. If no compensation will be given, state “None.”
“None.”
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 22
VII. Methodology: Explain exactly what the participants will be asked to do. Include the
amount of time that each participant will need to devote to the study. Insert copies of any
questions or surveys that will be given to the participants. You should not collect any data,
especially demographics, unless doing so is necessary and you have specific plans to
analyze or otherwise make use of the data. Explain how each variable measured supports
the purpose of your study. If this is part of a thesis, dissertation, or Doctor of Nursing Practice
paper, insert your entire Methodology section below. Use as much space as necessary.
Participants will be asked to take an eleven question survey asking if they have ever been a
victim of stalking by a client. Completing the survey should take about ten to fifteen minutes.
VIII. Risks of participation: List all physical, economic, social, legal and/or psychological
risks. Include risks to confidentiality, reputation and employability. Specify what you will do
to minimize the risks and protect the participants.
This study involves risks to confidentiality as well as the risk of stress or anxiety related to
answering questions about stalking. Since the survey will be taken online, participants will be
free to take it at a time and place where they have privacy. Stress and anxiety will be limited by
informing potential participants about the nature of the study prior to their participation. We will
advise them not to participate if they feel taking the survey would cause them problems. We will
also inform them that they may skip any questions they do not wish to answer and that they may
stop participating at any time.
IX. Benefits: Describe potential benefits to the participants and/or others as a direct result of
this research project.
Researchers and others will see the significance in determining better protocols,
trainings, and educational conferences about stalking by clients within mental health
facilities.
X. Informed Consent Process:
1. Explain the process through which you will provide the potential participant all the
information they need to decide whether or not to participate.
Potential participants will receive a letter of consent prior to receiving the survey.
2. Append a copy of any written forms, cover letters, verbal scripts, and/or assent scripts
that you will use.
Please see the attached appendices of the research proposal.
3. Reading level ofconsent document: __ _____. (May use any generally accepted readability
measure such as Flesch-Kincaid, SMOG, Gunning-Fog, etc. See the Informed Consent webpage
for links)
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 23
Appendix E
Qualifications of the Research Student
Valerie Lake is a current graduate student in the Clinical Mental Health Program at Troy
University’s Phenix City campus, located in Phenix City, Alabama. She graduated with an
advance and technical diploma from Central High School, in the Russell County School District.
She earned her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Troy University’s main campus in Troy,
Alabama. She is currently employed at East Alabama Mental Health as a Mental Health
Technician until she gains enough experience and finishes her master’s degree at Troy. She is
expected to graduate at the end of the fall semester of 2015 with a Master’s of Science Degree in
Clinical Mental health.
Any correspondences regarding this research study may be addressed to:
Valerie Lake
1701 37th Street Apt 2810
Phenix City, AL 36867
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 24
Appendix F
Proposed Budget
Material Price Quantity Total
File Cabinet $69 1 $69
Copy Paper (Reams) $6 4 $24
Ink Cartridges $12.81 2 $25.62
Total Budget Cost $118.62
Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 25
Appendix G
See attached copy of the VS-DASH 2009 Risk Identification Assessment and Management
Model.

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Lake__Valerie_Research_Proposa_Final_Draft_1

  • 1. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 1 Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients Dr. Andrew Cox CP 6691 Research Methodology Valerie Lake Troy University December 12, 2013
  • 2. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 2 Abstract Stalking is a prevalent issue that is often underreported and not discusses in both clinical settings and the general public (Carr, Goranson, and Drummond, 2013). According to Pathe`, Mullen, and Purcell (2002) stalking is a pattern of behaviors incorporating repetitive and insistent endeavors to force unwelcomed communications or interactions upon another person. Carr et al (2013) estimate that in the general United States population, 16% of women and 5% of men are stalked, and 6%-11% of mental health professionals are stalked by a client during their career. Carr et al (2013) then went on to state how negative of an effect stalking has on both the personal and professional lives of these providers that is compounded by universal and individual aspects.
  • 3. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 3 Section I: Introduction to Proposed Research Topic Introduction to the topic: As stated by Carr, Goranson, and Drummond (2013) commonly speaking, stalking includes repetitive, persistent unwanted behaviors that cause a person to fear for their life, of harm, and/or of death to family, friends, or themselves. This is a predominant concern that goes frequently unreported and under discussed both in the general community and in clinical locations (Carr et al, 2013). Among mental health professionals, 6%-11% of providers will be stalked by a client during their career. The significance to the practice of a mental health professional is the ethical standard of not harming one’s client (Purcell, Powell, & Mullen, 2005). According to Purcell et al (2005) there is no parallel responsibility by clients not to harm their mental health provider. Even though the typical clients who seek out psychological support want a more or less suitable therapeutic bond with their mental health provider, there is alarm about a marginal of clients who infringe upon and stalk their provider. Importance and Significance of the Problem: Stalking has a significant undesirable influence on both the personal and professional lives of mental health professionals whom are stalking victims that is compounded by the logical and different features (Carr et al, 2013). Some stalking behaviors involve a little more than trivial annoyances, but more severe cases can destroy a clinician’s career (Pathe`, Mullen, & Purcell, 2002). Infrequently, but sadly, some clinicians have lost their lives to stalking (Pathe` et al, 2002). Stalking can quite possibly lead to physical violence towards the victim or their family
  • 4. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 4 and friends, and even when it does not the emotional ramifications of being stalked can be substantial (Gentile, Asamen, Harmell, & Weathers, 2002). Evolving research points out that the stalking of these professional by their clients is a prominent problem (Purcell et al, 2005). Carr et al (2013) stated that it is estimated that as a whole the in United States population, 16% of women and 5% of men are stalked. Pathe` et al (2002) stated that stalking has materialized as a substantial social concern and now establishes a particular criminal offense in many jurisdictions. Multiple researchers agree that it is important to focus on the relevant issues relating to the stalking of mental health professionals by their clients due to the fact that stalking behaviors are becoming more abundant and may be cooperative to clinical intervention (Purcell et al, 2005); Pathe` et al, 2002 . It is essential to educate mental health professionals and facilities on how to ethically and dutifully deal with stalking types of situations to abate harm to the client, mental health professional, and other persons that may be involved (Carr et al, 2013). Purpose of the Research: Mental health professionals and facilities that are and that are not having stalking issues or concerns need to learn how to properly deal with the problem at hand effectively, but also ethically so that no one is harmed. The purpose of this study is to asses the prevalence of mental health professionals who have been involved in a stalking incident with one (or more) of their client(s), the protocols set in place by the facility for stalking incidents, and the training that the professionals receive to deal with stalking situations by their clients. The study will be conducted by sending out a survey questionnaire to licensed mental health professionals in the southern region.
  • 5. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 5  Hypothesis: Mental health professionals are at a higher risk of being stalked than the general public, predominantly by their clients.  Null Hypothesis: Mental health professionals are not at a higher risk of being stalked than the general public, predominantly by their clients.  Testing Instrument: Victims Stalking-Domestic Abuse, Stalking, and Honor Based Violence (VS-DASH 2009) Risk Identification Assessment and Management Model (Sheridan, Roberts, & Richards, 2009).  Independent & Dependent Variables: None Scope of the Study: Brief Overview of Procedures and Methods to be used in the research proposal: The research study will involve a random selection of mental health facilities in the in the southern region (to include Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia) of the United States via email. Since the email will originate from Troy University, a Counseling faculty member will oversee the research study being conducted by the research student. Each facility will receive the same email containing the same survey questionnaire to be completed by all of their licensed and/or certified mental health professionals. The survey questionnaire that will be used in the study was created by Sheridan, Roberts, and Richards (2009) on behalf of the ACPO and in partnership with CAADA. The survey has a total of eleven yes or no answer questions for each mental health professional to answer honestly. The research student will begin sending out the survey questionnaire in February of 2014 and the study will last for five weeks total. Each facility will have two weeks to take the survey
  • 6. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 6 that should take approximately twenty to thirty minutes to complete. After the two week period has ended the research student will use the remaining three weeks to compile all of the received data. Potential limitations for the research study: A potential limitation of this research is the results of the study possibly may not be universal to other mental health professionals and facilities that are not in the selected region or facilities and professionals not selected within the region to take the survey.
  • 7. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 7 Section II: Description of Research Setting: The research study will take place at five randomly selected mental health facilities in each of the southern states (to include Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia) of the United States. Each licensed and/or certified mental health employee at a selected facility will be instructed to take the survey in an office that provides privacy for them to honestly answer each question. The email will be compiled on the Troy University- Phenix City campus, located at One University Place, Phenix City, AL 36869. Population and Sampling Procedures: The population of the research study will include licensed and/or certified employees of five different mental health facilities in the southern states (to include Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia). It is estimated that the research student will entail 1000 to 2000 participants. Once the selection process is complete the facility will then provide the survey via email to only the employees who meet the licensed, certified, and/or registered criteria. The research student will use cluster sampling to choose the five different facilities in the specified states selected for the study. The license and/or certificate of the employees will then be verified to make sure they meet the criteria for the research study. ResearchInstrumentation: Name of Instrument:
  • 8. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 8  Victims Stalking-Domestic Abuse, Stalking, and Honor Based Violence (VS-DASH 2009) Risk Identification Assessment and Management Model (Sheridan, Roberts, & Richards, 2009). Describe the Purpose and Nature of the Instrument:  The purpose of this model is to save lives through early risk identification, intervention and prevention and  To create one standardized practical tool to refer cases to the Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC), to share information and manage risk effectively Technical Aspects of the Instrument to Include: Operational Definitions: Stalking: The repeated and persistent unwanted harassment, communications, and contacts that create fear in the victim (Galeazzi, Elkins, & Curci, 2005). Mental Health Professional: Inclusive of psychiatrists, psychologist, psychiatric and mental health nurse practitioners, social workers, therapists, counselors, trainees in these fields, and any other clinician providing direct mental health services (Carr et al, 2013). License: a method by which an organization of government awards approval to an individual to employ in a given profession upon ruling that the candidate has achieved the minimal degree of competency necessary to warrant that the public health, safety, and welfare will be ethically well protected (Shimberg, 1981).
  • 9. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 9 Certification: process by which a governmental or nongovernmental organization awards credit to an individual who has met specific predetermined credentials set by a credentialing organization (Shimberg, 1981). Client: a person in receipt of a professional service, including a person being treated by a professional psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, or counselor (Colman, 2009). ResearchDesignand Data Analysis: The researcher will use a survey and a correlational design. This will allow the researcher to analyze the number of mental health professional employees who have experienced stalking within their work settings. In addition, the research student will explore the degree of relationship among mental health professionals’ experience, age, gender, diagnoses, continuance in employment, and stalker characteristics. Data Analysis: Data analysis will be completed using descriptive and correlational statistics. Descriptive statistics will include the means and standard deviations for all obtained data. This data will be presented in a tabular form. Correlational procedures will be used for data analysis. This will include the multiple correlation procedure. Descriptive statistics will also be used to explore the extent of stalking among mental health professionals. Privacy: Privacy is of the utmost importance to every research student, faculty supervisor, facility employee, and facility management person involved in the research study. Any files that will be kept on a computer will be encoded and password protected. The computers used in the research study will be kept private in under lock and key. Any information obtained, as well as the means
  • 10. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 10 used to obtain information, will be kept in both a fireproof and disaster proof cabinet locked in a room. Any information obtained will be kept for at least five years time. Proposed Summary and Conclusion: Mental health professionals are at greater risk of being stalked by their clients than the general public. By completing this research study, mental health facilities and other human services can see the potential threat of stalking amongst their employees and push for better trainings and protocols to help ensure the safety of their not only their employees but their clients as well.
  • 11. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 11 Section III: Overview of proposed research In this research study the research student is expecting to find that mental health professionals are at greater risk than the general public of becoming stalking victims, principally by the clients that they help. By comparing the results of the research study to results of studies done on the general public the research student hopes to show just how serious stalking by clients is. The education on stalking behavior and the types of stalkers presented in the research study are acute characteristics of the study and can shed light on an ongoing problem within our nation’s mental health facilities. Introduction The literature of the study shows how much of a negative impact stalking has on mental health professionals. Studies show that victims of stalking done by a current or previous client seek counseling, change there place of residence, or quit just to escape the harassment. Stalking has a chronic and pervasive effect on mental health professionals’ lives due to the intense fear that is often generated; the intimate nature of the crime; inadequate support from professional organizations, peers, and agencies; and the long duration of many stalking cases (Carr et al, 2013). There are also social consequences of being stalked that Carr (2013) states can play a role in the lack of support victims receive from peers and associates. The lack of support, blame, and guilt can lead to amplified levels of anxiety and mistrust. Review of the literature Purcell et al (2005) stated that developing research shows that the stalking of mental health professionals by their clients is a significant professional concern and Carr et al (2013) mentions that many of these professionals have been found to have insignificant, at best, training
  • 12. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 12 on how to deal with stalking behavior from their clients. The key to the training of psychology is the ethical standard to in no way harm one’s client (Purcell et al, 2005), but the problem remains how does a professional not harm their client in anyway when they become a stalking victim by that said client. Some stalking behaviors entail of more than just trivial frustrations and some of the more severe cases can destroy a professionals career, or even cost them their life (Pathe` et al, 2002). Even when stalking cases do not lead to physical violence, the emotional complications of being stalked can be significant, and in those occasional cases that the behaviors do become physical victims can lose their lives to the hands of the stalker (Gentile et al, 2002). Although the lawful explanations of stalking do not state certain time periods, it is progressively more apparent that harassing behaviors ranging past two weeks establish clinically substantial stalking (Pathe` et al, 2002). Pathe` et al (2002) and Baum (2011) describe these behaviors as the following, but not limited to, phone calls, letters, emails, unwanted gifts, following the victim at home, work, and/or at school, unapproved surveillance, making false complaints and accusations, cancelling services on the victim’s behalf, property theft and/or damage, threats, and physical and/or sexual violence. These behaviors hinder how these professionals can continue their daily life tasks without fear, turmoil, and aggravation. Carr et al (2013) approximates that 20 to 30% of the individuals stalked in the United States seek out counseling, and roughly one in seven stalking victims eventually changes their residence in an effort to get away from their stalker. Professionals who offer care to the mentally ill must be equipped to assess and manage aggressive behavior, select which course of action is best in different situations is often difficult to do (Sandberg, McNiel, Binder, 2002), but when you add the stress and turmoil that comes
  • 13. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 13 with being a victim of stalking by the client you are trying to help it proves to be even more difficult. These problems only escalate for professionals because the complications cause them other problems as well such as financial losses, friend isolation, employment issues and concerns, and family problems (Sandberg et al, 2002). Pathe` et al (2002) reported that in one case the harassing behaviors of some of their stalkers had a disturbing effect on the staff and the subsequently the functioning of the facility itself. Professionals of a study conducted in Australia, informed researchers that nothing in their training had equipped them for such instances and they ended up feeling discouraged, helpless, and dissatisfied with their profession. Stalking is a serious matter in both the general public and mental health settings. Mental health professionals are susceptible to being stalked by their clients and, far from offering helpful perceptions that daunt the behavior, their training can prove to be a limitation. Not even a mental health professional’s gender or their position can give them protection from the lengthened harassment or fascination of a patient-turned-stalker (Pathe` & Meloy, 2013). The subsequent social, psychological, and vocational impairment can, nevertheless, be reduced through early acknowledgment, educated advice, and the support of colleagues, friends, and family (Pathe` et al, 2013). Pathe` et al (2013) states that this experience is not unexpected, given the nature of the therapeutic relationship and of the larger probability than other corrections, and certainly most of the general population, of coming across mentally disordered and unhinged individuals with a greater tendency to participate in such harassing behavior Summary Largely, the stalking of mental health professionals by their clients is an imperative and morally compounded matter that essentially needs to continue to be studied in order to produce the most operational approaches to manage stalking behaviors by clients. Using the studies and
  • 14. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 14 findings from other researchers and future research, professionals can find a means of endowing mental health professionals who have or could fall victims to stalking by a client. Research can also help these professionals respond appropriately when faced which such a perplexing and devastating situation such as being stalked by a client. Changes, knowledge, trainings, improvements should be welcomed by other researchers and professionals to not only better serve the workers, but the clients as well. If the research study proves true protocols, training, and education need to become a top priority of both mental health facilities and professionals in order to properly help the professional and the client ethically.
  • 15. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 15 Referencces Baum, K. (2011). Stalking victimization in the United States. DIANE Publishing. Carr, M. L., Goranson, A. C., & Drummond, D. J. (2013). Stalking of the Mental Health Professional: Reducing Risk and Managing Stalking Behavior by Patients. Journal Of Threat Assessment And Management, doi:10.1037/tam0000003 Colman, A. M. (2009). Oxford dictionary of psychology. Oxford University Press. Galeazzi, G. M., Elkins, K., & Curci, P. (2005). Emergency psychiatry: the stalking of mental health professionals by patients. Psychiatric Services, 56(2), 137-138. Gentile, S. R., Asamen, J. K., Harmell, P. H., & Weathers, R. (2002). The stalking of psychologists by their clients. Professional Psychology: Research And Practice, 33(5), 490-494. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.33.5.490 Hughes, F. A., Thom, K., & Dixon, R. (2007). Nature & prevalence of stalking among New Zealand mental health clinicians. Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services, 45(4), 32-39. Jones, L., & Sheridan, L. (2009). Stalking and harassment of mental health professionals by patients in a community forensic service. British Journal of Forensic Practice, The, 11(1), 30-37. McIVOR, R. J., & Petch, E. (2006). Stalking of mental health professionals: an underrecognised problem. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 188(5), 403-404. Pathé, M. T., Mullen, P. E., & Purcell, R. (2002). Patients who stalk doctors: their motives and management. Medical journal of Australia, 176(7), 335-338.
  • 16. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 16 Purcell, R., Powell, M. B., & Mullen, P. E. (2005). Clients Who Stalk Psychologists: Prevalence, Methods, and Motives. Professional Psychology: Research And Practice, 36(5), 537-543. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.36.5.537 Sandberg, D. A., McNiel, D. E., & Binder, R. L. (2002). Stalking, threatening, and harassing behavior by psychiatric patients toward clinicians. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 30(2), 221-229. Sheridan, L., Roberts, K., & Richards, L. (2009). Victims Stalking-Domestic Abuse, Stalking, and Honor Based Violence (VS-DASH 2009) Risk Identification Assessment and Management Model. Shimberg, B. (1981). Testing for licensure and certification. American Psychologist, 36(10), 1138-1146. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.36.10.1138 Werth Jr, J. L., Welfel, E. R. E., & Benjamin, G. A. H. (2009). The duty to protect: Ethical, legal, and professional considerations for mental health professionals. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • 17. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 17 Appendix A To Whom This May Concern: I, Valerie Lake, am writing your facility to request your permission to conduct a research study involving your licensed and/or certified mental health professionals. The purpose of the research study is to determine whether or not mental health professionals are at a greater risk of being stalked than the general public, predominately by their clients. The study will involve all of your current employees who are licensed and/or certified mental health professionals. Each employee will be given a emailed survey called the Victims Stalking- Domestic Abuse, Stalking, and Honor Based Violence (VS-DASH 2009) Risk Identification Assessment and Management Model. This survey includes eleven yes or no answer questions and should take approximately ten to fifteen minutes to complete. Each participant will have exactly two weeks to take the survey and submit it back to the research student. At the end of the two week period the research student will use a correlational design to compile all of the survey answers that will then be compared to results of the general public. This comparison will allow the research student to determine if mental health professionals are in fact at a greater risk of being stalked than the general public. All licenses and/or certificates will be verified before any employee can receive the survey. Submitted respectfully, Valerie Lake, Research Counselor
  • 18. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 18 Appendix B To Whom This May Concern: I, Valerie Lake, am writing you to request your participation in a research. The purpose of the research study is to determine whether or not mental health professionals are at a greater risk of being stalked than the general public, predominately by their clients. The study will involve all of the current employees who are licensed and/or certified mental health professionals. Each employee will be given an emailed survey called the Victims Stalking- Domestic Abuse, Stalking, and Honor Based Violence (VS-DASH 2009) Risk Identification Assessment and Management Model. This survey includes eleven yes or no answer questions and should take approximately ten to fifteen minutes to complete. Each participant will have exactly two weeks to take the survey and submit it back to the research student. At the end of the two week period the research student will use a correlational design to compile all of the survey answers that will then be compared to results of the general public. This comparison will allow the research student to determine if mental health professionals are in fact at a greater risk of being stalked than the general public. All licenses and/or certificates will be verified before any employee can receive the survey. Submitted respectfully, Valerie Lake, Research Counselor
  • 19. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 19 Appendix C Informed Consent Form (To Be Read By Research Participant) Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients I am Valerie Lake, a psychology student at Troy University (Phenix City Campus), and I am conducting a study under the supervision of Dr. Andrew Cox. We hope to determine if mental health professionals are at a greater risk of being stalked than the general public, predominately by their clients. You are being asked to participate in this study because you are a licensed and/or certified mental health professional. If you choose to participate and you will take an eleven question survey called Victims Stalking- Domestic Abuse, Stalking, and Honor Based Violence (VS-DASH 2009) Risk Identification Assessment and Management Model. The survey should take no more than ten to fifteen minutes to complete. There are some risks involved with participating in this research. Your confidentiality will be protected by the fact that we are not collecting your name and to further protect your confidentiality, you may want to take the survey at a time and place where you have privacy. All computers used in the collection and compiling of the research data will be encrypted and password protected. Any data made into a hard copy will be locked in a secure safety box, that has a lock, and behind a door that will be locked at all times. It is possible that answering questions about stalking could cause stress or anxiety. If you feel that you may be upset by these questions, you should not participate in this study. A benefit of this study is that you may help us to better understand stalking in mental health facilities and how individuals are educated about stalking and stalking protocols and trainings. Only Valerie Lake and Dr. Andrew Cox will have access to your information. The data from this study will be kept on our computers for at least five years. Any publications or presentations based on this research will refer to individual participants using code names or we will present information in a group form so that no participant can be identified. Your participation is completely voluntary and you have the right to refuse to participate, to skip any questions you do not wish to answer, or to terminate your participation at any time without consequence. If you have any questions or concerns about the study contact Dr. Cox at (334)-297-1007 or email him at acox@troy.edu. If you have any questions or concerns about your rights as a research participant please feel free to contact the Institutional Review Board at (334)-808-6294 or email them at irb@troy.edu. By taking the survey, you are indicating that you have read this form and have agreed to participate. You may want to print this page for your records.
  • 20. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 20 Appendix D Troy University Institutional Review Board Application for Institutional Review Board Review General Instructions for Completion of Protocol: Unless otherwise instructed, type all information in the area below each question, using as much space as necessary. I. Principal Investigator(s) Note: Supervising faculty members who will be co-authoring with their students should list themselves as co-principal investigators. 1) Name: Valerie Lake Title: Graduate Student Department: Counseling and Psychology Campus: Phenix City Email: vlake36711@gmail.edu Phone: 334-465-5749 2) Name: Title: Department: Campus: Email: Phone: If PI is a student: Is this study part of a Thesis, Dissertation, or DNP project? __Yes X No Faculty Advisor information: Name: Dr. Andrew Cox Title: Professor Department: Counseling and Psychology Campus: Phenix City Email: acox@troy.edu Phone: 334-297-1007- II. Title of the project: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients III. Dates of proposed research: Beginning: February 2014 Ending: March 2014 IV. Source of funding for the protocol: Government Grant V. Purpose of the study: Brief explanation of why you are doing this study (200 words or less): Mental health professionals are around mentally ill clients on a daily basis. They have to properly equipped and knowledgeable in their respected fields of study and learn how to properly manage their time and make informed, but ethical, decisions for their clients. Of these professionals a number of them have reported being stalked and harassed by either a former or
  • 21. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 21 current client at some point in their chosen career. The purpose of this research study is to determine if mental health professionals are at a greater risk of being stalked than the general public, predominately by their clients. Hypotheses (if applicable) Mental health professionals are at a greater risk of being stalked than the general public, predominately by their clients. Anticipated findings: Mental health professionals are at a greater risk of being stalked than the general public Mental health professionals are not at a greater risk of being stalked than the general public VI. Description of Participants and Recruitment: Age of participants: _X_19 and over ____under 19 (specify age(s)): __________ Anticipated number of participants: __1000 to 2000___ From where will you recruit the participants? Note that to minimize the perception of coercion, the IRB strongly discourages PIs from recruiting students from their (or their supervisor's) courses. I will recruit mental health professionals from mental health facilities within the southern region of the United States. What is your relationship to the participants? I will not know any of the participants involved in the research study unless one of the facilities selected happens to be near Phenix City and Troy, AL, which is where I currently live and have lived. How will you recruit the participants? If using printed material, attach a copy. If verbally describing the study to a pool of potential participants, attach your script. The facilities will be randomly selected using a cluster model and the participants will be the employees of the selected facilities. Compensation: If compensation (of any kind -- monetary, extra credit, gift, etc.) is to be awarded for participation in the study, describe below. Be specific and include the monetary value of any gifts. If no compensation will be given, state “None.” “None.”
  • 22. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 22 VII. Methodology: Explain exactly what the participants will be asked to do. Include the amount of time that each participant will need to devote to the study. Insert copies of any questions or surveys that will be given to the participants. You should not collect any data, especially demographics, unless doing so is necessary and you have specific plans to analyze or otherwise make use of the data. Explain how each variable measured supports the purpose of your study. If this is part of a thesis, dissertation, or Doctor of Nursing Practice paper, insert your entire Methodology section below. Use as much space as necessary. Participants will be asked to take an eleven question survey asking if they have ever been a victim of stalking by a client. Completing the survey should take about ten to fifteen minutes. VIII. Risks of participation: List all physical, economic, social, legal and/or psychological risks. Include risks to confidentiality, reputation and employability. Specify what you will do to minimize the risks and protect the participants. This study involves risks to confidentiality as well as the risk of stress or anxiety related to answering questions about stalking. Since the survey will be taken online, participants will be free to take it at a time and place where they have privacy. Stress and anxiety will be limited by informing potential participants about the nature of the study prior to their participation. We will advise them not to participate if they feel taking the survey would cause them problems. We will also inform them that they may skip any questions they do not wish to answer and that they may stop participating at any time. IX. Benefits: Describe potential benefits to the participants and/or others as a direct result of this research project. Researchers and others will see the significance in determining better protocols, trainings, and educational conferences about stalking by clients within mental health facilities. X. Informed Consent Process: 1. Explain the process through which you will provide the potential participant all the information they need to decide whether or not to participate. Potential participants will receive a letter of consent prior to receiving the survey. 2. Append a copy of any written forms, cover letters, verbal scripts, and/or assent scripts that you will use. Please see the attached appendices of the research proposal. 3. Reading level ofconsent document: __ _____. (May use any generally accepted readability measure such as Flesch-Kincaid, SMOG, Gunning-Fog, etc. See the Informed Consent webpage for links)
  • 23. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 23 Appendix E Qualifications of the Research Student Valerie Lake is a current graduate student in the Clinical Mental Health Program at Troy University’s Phenix City campus, located in Phenix City, Alabama. She graduated with an advance and technical diploma from Central High School, in the Russell County School District. She earned her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Troy University’s main campus in Troy, Alabama. She is currently employed at East Alabama Mental Health as a Mental Health Technician until she gains enough experience and finishes her master’s degree at Troy. She is expected to graduate at the end of the fall semester of 2015 with a Master’s of Science Degree in Clinical Mental health. Any correspondences regarding this research study may be addressed to: Valerie Lake 1701 37th Street Apt 2810 Phenix City, AL 36867
  • 24. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 24 Appendix F Proposed Budget Material Price Quantity Total File Cabinet $69 1 $69 Copy Paper (Reams) $6 4 $24 Ink Cartridges $12.81 2 $25.62 Total Budget Cost $118.62
  • 25. Running head: Stalking in Mental Health Facilities by Clients 25 Appendix G See attached copy of the VS-DASH 2009 Risk Identification Assessment and Management Model.