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Final Defense PP Jordan Plumo.pptx
1. UNO -R
College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department
FINAL PROJECT STUDY DEFENSE
Welcome
Dr. Dioscoro P. Marañon, Jr
Dr. Roy John S. De la Torre
2. A Proposed Study on Dual Staged Seashell
Processor for the Livelihood Community
Project in Barangay Pta. Taytay
De Jesus, Benz A.
Pineda, Evan S.
Plumo, Jordan B.
Tejero, Jurley J.
Velasco, Rigil Kent T.
March 2019
3. Chapter 1
Introduction
The coastal markets and communities are just one of many places that are
important to the people and societies. These are the places where people buy
meals, rejuvenate their energy and spend leisure time. These are the places for
families to bond and spend time with each other, relax and relive all the stress
for a little bit and enjoy having company of someone or each other. We have
been going to these places to purchase our food or to have our vacation.
However, we have always encountered problems in these places. The most
common problem that has never been talked and taken action for many years
are the scattered broken and intact sea shell wastes in the said areas. This leads
to an unlikable and unusual scene and scent that may cause cuts on the feet,
slipping on the pathway and sickness to people who have regularly and
continually gone to these places.
4. The disposal of sea shell waste from shellfish aquaculture
industry has been a growing issue and problem not only here in
local but also worldwide. As the production of sea shells
increases so does the volume of waste, it returns. With no
correct disciplinary actions taken to those people or industry in
line, waste from these places can be seen anywhere scattered
and left unattended. They are bulking into widespread waste
trash of seashells. Because of this, areas in, and around these
places are suffering from pollution of water, air, and land. Thus
the images of said places are also affected by these
circumstances.
5. Seashell processing is the process by which sea shell is
crushed and ground into smaller pieces. Today, sea shell
processing is much dependable as an alternative way of waste
shell recycling with the use of motorized machine equipment.
These machines cost much financial backup for an individual to
have his hands on it. Its mechanical and electrical systems
utilize power all the time during its hours of operation, so the
researchers come up with a design that is as efficient but less
expensive and affordable for a community or an individual to
install and maintain. A pedal-powered dual-stage sea shell
processor that is simple yet durable, compact yet easy to use,
and pocket-friendly yet efficient like the motorized version.
6. The mechanism of the seashell processor has a simple
concept and is easy to understand. It is just like as riding a bike,
by simply starting pedaling the mechanism inside the seashell
processor that is composed of gear wheels and pairs of shaft
mills will start rotating against each other. Its operation depends
on how the series of gear wheels are linked together to allow
movement by utilizing the principle of machine mechanism. A
dual-stage or two-stage shaft mills will be designed to crush
and grind (depends on what the desired product will be) the
seashells as it goes down from the feeder. It will then produce
crushed, or pulverized shell is pouring down the outlet end or
machine exit.
7. 1.1. Theoretical Background And Related Literature
Seashells are the exoskeletons of mollusks such as snails,
clams, oysters and many others. Such shells have three distinct
layers and are composed mostly of calcium carbonate with only
a small quantity of protein--no more than 2 percent
(scientificamerican.com). The other value in an oyster shell is
the material calcium carbonate, which is generally found
through the unsustainable practice of limestone mining.
Calcium carbonate is used for lots of things, like in cement mix
or even as a dietary supplement for hens (Lutkin, 2017).
8. Seashell processing means crushing and grinding sea shell
wastes into useful alternative products. Seashell wastes include
oyster shells and mussel or green shells. All of these seashells
are commonly found especially in Bacolod City where coastal
markets and communities are abundant, in which are left
scattered and unattended. Other shells can also be subjects for
processing if they met specific conditions and equipment limit.
9. Seashell processor is a manual machine composed of various
shaft mills that are used to crush, grind and pulverize seashells
into smaller sizes by spinning against each other. It is one of the
best ways and the fastest solution of recycling and eradicating
sea shell wastes. Bacolod City Ordinance No. 313 states that
the environment is a crucial and vital concern of not only the
people of Bacolod but of all the people in the world.
10. 1.2. Significance of the Study
• The outcome of this study hopes to be beneficial to the following:
• Coastal Markets and Communities, they will benefit the most of
this study since it will make a clean and environmentally friendly
surrounding. Also, this will give an alternative source of income to
the community.
• Local Government Unit, this study will benefit the LGUs because
this will strengthen the implementation of the City ordinance on
discipline and proper waste management to promote the
environment.
• Aquaculture Industry, this study will help lessen the waste dumped
by this industry.
11. • Plants or Product Manufacturers, this will have more
additional supply of raw materials from seashell at a low price.
• Seashell related product consumers, this study will make the
products with shell related ingredient or composition cheaper
and less expensive.
• Future Researchers, this study will serve as a future reference
for other studies that are related to this.
12. 1.3. Scope and Limitation of the Study
• This study will focus on designing the sea shell crusher into a
manual dual-stage sea shell processor for agricultural and
industrial use with an estimated dimensional size of 5 ft by 2 ft.
• This project will make use of the existing knowledge about the
seashell crusher's operation and design as a basis for its design
and construction. On this study, the researchers will focus on the
use of gears, chain, bearings, millings, force and speed, and size
ratio to produce a machine that can crush and create agricultural
lime from seashells. Machine could be mobile by disassembling
the mechanism parts or by carrying it through the help of force or
wheels.
13. • This study only focused on the shells that should use are only
limited to the oyster shell and mussel or green shell. Moreover,
this project will heavily rely on the human factor in operating
the mechanism. Lastly, this project is only applicable to the
coastal markets and communities where an abundant amount of
seashell waste found.
14. 1.4. Definition of Terms
1. Jaw Plate Crusher Mill
This is a heavy duty, low speed, high torque machines primarily to
"pre-cut" large volumes of material or bulky materials.
2. Flywheel
According to the Merriam Webster it is a wheel used for storing
kinetic energy.
3. Gear Train
This is a series of gears designed to achieve a particular overall gear
ratio.
4. Line Shaft
It is the rotating shaft part of a system of mechanical couplings
between the power source and the machines that do work.
5. Pedal
A foot lever or treadle by which a part activated in a mechanism.
15. 6. Hammer Plate
The edge part of the hammer mill that is pin and swings through the edges when the mill
starts operating and is responsible for grinding, pulverizing and crushing materials.
7. Hammer Mill
It is a crusher that can grind, pulverize, and crush a wide range of hard and brittle materials.
8. Aquaculture
It is the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of fish, shellfish, plants, algae and other organisms
in all types of water environments.
9. Bearing
It is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion and
reduces friction between moving parts.
10. ASTM
It is founded as the American Society for Testing and Materials, is a nonprofit organization
that develops and publishes approximately 12,000 technical standards, covering the
procedures for testing and classification of materials of every sort.
16. Chapter 2
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
This section deals with the description and related resources of the study.
2.1. General Description
Every day tons of sea shell wastes are produced by the aquaculture
industries on coastal areas everywhere, particularly in Bacolod City and
other municipalities and cities, that mostly gain from this kind of
businesses. This if not taken care of can cause diseases and discomfort in
our everyday lives. Therefore, getting rid of this waste problem is required
to prevent hazards in our community. One possible way to terminate most
of this seashell wastes is to transform this wastes into greater value raw
materials. In this process we crush the source materials into tiny or small
pieces depending on the stage it will be into.
17. Thus, the raw material produced can be used and sold to buyers
and contacts as an alternative source of raw materials for lime
production. Our study can help the community lessen the
problems they used to have in the raw product they produced.
The design has a dual stage shaft mill with each stage
producing different sizes of processed pieces; starting from
small, then to smaller and lastly to smallest possible particle the
design could attain. This was made so that the operator can
choose how small he or she wants the material is to be. The
design can also be disassembled into handy parts for easy
transport or transfer of location.
18.
19. 2.2. Specific Description
The seashells are collected from different sources and are then
cleaned by brushing the surface of the shell. The shells are then
kilned in coal and are left to cool and sit. The shells that are cleaned
and kilned are collected into containers so that they can be poured
into the feeder. The shells are crushed in the first stage which is the
jaw mill. The objective of the first stage is to crush it into smaller
and manageable sizes for the hammer mill. There is a separator in
which when used, the chunks of seashell crushed will not proceed
to the hammer mill but will slide and drop into a container. If the
separator is not used the crushed seashell will proceed to the last
stage which is the hammer mill. The hammer will further crush and
make the seashell smaller. The finished product then drops to a
container.
20. 2.3. Related Resources
The global and local market today already has a lot of this kind
of system design made for different kinds of materials, and
most of them are single-stage crushers, but this project will be a
lot more different compared to the ones available in the market.
This one is manually pedaled and is electricity free, which
means it is eco and economically friendly to the operators and
users. The resources needed in this study are found in the
coastal areas, mainly in markets and communities. Thus, a brief
analysis of the resources will be conducted. The Shell
Parameters of each given shell are shown in table 2.3.a.
21. Table 2.3.a.
Shell Parameters
Table 2.3.a. shows the parameters of the two given shell as references on how the designs
of crushers are being based too.
These data will serve as a reference to the project design.
22. Chapter 3
Technical Feasibility
This section deals with the technical feasibility of the study.
3.1. Project Layout
The Dual-Stage Sea Shell Processor will set foot on a coastal area
where a high volume of sea shell wastes was concentrated. Places
like in coastal communities and markets are most probably the main
candidates to where the equipment would be located too. An oyster
farm or near the oyster farm or an oyster vendor's place would be
the best location to install the equipment. So, based on the
descriptions the ideal place should be at Brgy. Punta Taytay,
Bacolod City. (Fig. 3.1.a)
24. 3.2. Project Design
The Dual-Stage Sea Shell Processor will be consisting of a
pedal mechanism that is attached to a gearbox which will drive
the crusher system that has volume loads coming from the
feeder. The pedal mechanism, gearbox, feeder and crusher
system are the primary components of this project.
25. Fig. 3.2.1 (3D Concept of the Dual-Staged Sea Shell Processor Mechanism)
26. Fig. 3.2.2 (3D Design Concept of the Dual-Stage
Seashell Crusher (Back))
28. Fig. 3.2.4 (2D design of the inner part of the Crusher System)
29. 3.3. Project Components
The components of the system were made out of a pedal mechanism, gearbox,
feeder, and crusher or processor system.
3.3.1. Pedal Mechanism
This mechanism is composed of a chain, a pedal sprocket and a pinion sprocket.
Moreover, it has a speed that depends on the average pedaling speed of the operator.
Power will be transmitted to the pinion sprocket from the foot of the operator on the
pedal to make the mechanism work. Then will be used as a driver just like a motor to
drive the whole system into its capacities.
3.3.2. Gearbox
The gearbox is consisting of a series of gear trains attached to the shafts which will
drive the whole system. This also includes bearings and case or container that is
sealed to contain the lubricant and oil from leakage and spill. The lubricant and oil
prevent the meshing of gears from generating too much friction and heat. It helps
regulate the temperature inside the gearbox.
30. 3.3.3. Feeder
It is the part where all things will start where the volume load of sea shells will be
sucked in. This has three main parts. The first one is the open feeder which directly
feeds the jaw mill. Next is the mid-separator, this one is optional depending on the
likes in size of the operator. It links the crushed seashell from the jaw mill to either
the door exit for less refined crushed sea shell or processing the sea shell further into
the hammer mill. The last one is the end stock feeder it is the one responsible for
filling the crates or containers with a more refined crushed sea shell from the
hammer mill passing through the strainer screen.
3.3.4. Crusher/Processor System
This system is composed of two crusher mills designed to produce refined crushed
seashell. The jaw mill crushes the big chunks of sea shell into smaller sizes with no
chunk larger than the face area of the jaw plate. Then the hammer mill processes the
small chunks of seashell into a more refined smaller chunk of the shell. This system
also used bearings for the means of smoother and less friction revolution.
31. Chapter 4
Marketing Feasibility
This chapter talks about marketing rationale and visible
benefits of the project to its direct recipients, as well as the
threat of the competitors that may hinder the implementation of
the project. It will also formulate a practical marketing strategy.
32. 4.1 Marketing Rationale
The following points were considered as strong marketing reasons
that could attract stakeholders to promote and favor implementation
of the project to wit:
• It will educate everyone about the benefits of using seashell waste
especially oyster and green shell.
• It will promote the self-discipline of people living in coastal areas
with regards to segregation of seashell waste.
• It will support environmental causes.
• The people residing in Brgy. Pta. Taytay would benefit this project
because it would provide a livelihood for them as well clean their
surroundings.
33. 4.2 Benefits and Recipients
Visible benefits of the project were presented below.
• The designs of dual stage seashell processor will offer another
way of producing raw materials from seashell waste.
• The use of dual stage seashell processor can provide an
alternate source of income, and it can help lessen the seashell
waste in the coastal areas.
• The pedal mechanism is affordable to construct and efficient in
the operation of the project.
34. Visible recipients of the project were presented below.
• The local government unit would not strain their resources and
manpower in the cleaning the community.
• The residents of Brgy. Pta. Taytay would have a livelihood that
they can do to generate income.
35. 4.3 Competition
Competitions will be assessed through comparing the proposed project with another
existing design, and by comparing it with other equivalent and alternative conditions
that will bring similar achievements and promote the same importance or
significance of the study.
4.3.1 Electric-Motor Seashell Crusher; Php 35,100.00 (4-10 hp) (3-7.5 kW)
Strengths
• Very convenient and easy to use.
• Saves human resources cost
• Faster production
Weaknesses
• High maintenance and operation cost
• Needs electricity to operate
• Expensive enough because of the electric motor and components
• Only had a single-stage crusher system
36. 4.4 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be expressed based on the product or project positioning
brand strategy, and marketing mix.
4.4.1. Product/Project Positioning
It shall be known that the dual stage seashell processor will be placed in an area
assigned by the Barangay Captain, such as the Barangay Hall or any livelihood
building near the establishments and businesses that have seashell wastes. Moreover
will be endorsed to the public community as a source of livelihood income.
4.4.2 Brand Strategy
Since the dual stage seashell processor will be used for the betterment of the
environment and as an alternative source of income for the people in the coastal
areas. It is to be renamed to something related to alternative job opportunities, nature
and earth-friendly for the purpose of endorsing them and that is Sea Shell Eco-Pro.
Also, it is designed to be painted to indicate the different parts that have
corresponding functions to avoid corrosion from rust and be more durable as time
passes by.
37. 4.4.3. Marketing Mix
Marketing mix will be using the 4 P’s
4.4.3.1. Product service that will provide a solution for customer
needs.
The dual seashell stage processor will promote the seashell
waste management to the customer needs. Furthermore, it will
educate people on how seashell waste can be converted into raw
materials.
4.4.3.2. Price or Rental Rate of product project
The rental price of the dual stage seashell processor will be
offered at the best value and approachable rate of 20% of the rated
amount per kilogram.
38. 4.4.3.3. Promotion of the project
This project is being renamed into “Sea Shell Eco-Pro” to
promote awareness, employment and nature to people. Additionally
making it simple and easy to operate is a must. Thus, the equipment
will provide users with ease in operation. Also adding a bit of
information about the seashell waste in the manual will give proper
seashell waste management knowledge and operation to the users.
4.4.3.4. Place of the project
Barangay Punta Taytay is the best location for the dual stage
seashell processor as it has one of the largest accounted numbers of
seashell waste found here in Bacolod City.
39. Chapter 5
Management Feasibility
This chapter deals with the organizational structure that will
accommodate the development and operation of the project.
41. 5.2 Duties and Responsibilities
5.2.1 Barangay Captain
The barangay captain is the project chairman or the general
manager who manages the operation of livelihood of the project.
5.2.2 Project Supervisor
The project supervisor appointed by the barangay captain is the
one who will oversee the implementation of the livelihood project
starting from the collection through the crushing process and
maintenance of the equipment.
5.2.3 Project Maintenance Personnel
These persons are responsible for maintaining the unit in good
condition.
42. 5.2.4 Collector and Operator
These persons will be in charge of collecting and crushing
the seashells to produce raw materials.
5.2.5 Costumer and community project
These groups of people are the beneficiaries of this project.
The product of the livelihood of the project will be used as an
alternative source of raw materials and income.
43. 5.3 Proposed Honorarium
5.3.1 Barangay Captain
As the general manager of the livelihood project, he shall be given at
least Php 3000 of monthly income from rent.
5.3.2 Project Supervisor
As the project supervisor, he shall be given at least Php 1500 of
monthly income from rent.
5.3.3 Project Maintenance Personnel
As the project maintenance, he shall be given at least Php 500 of
weekly income.
5.3.4 Collector and Operator
As the collector and operator, they shall be charged with an exact
amount of Php 4 per kg of the crushed seashells for the rental fee.
44. Chapter 6
SCHEDULE OF IMPLEMENTATION
This section includes the targeted time frame for achieving the project.
6.1 Milestones
6.1.1. Project Planning - - - - - - - - - - - - - December 3 – December 15: 15 Days (2 Weeks)
6.1.2. Preparations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - December 21 – December 23, December 27 –
December 30: 7 Days (1 Week)
6.1.3. Work Proper - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - January 7 – February 16: 36 Days (5 Weeks)
6.1.4. Project Turn - Over - - - - - - - - - - - -February 18 – March 23: 30 Days (5 Weeks)
47. Chapter 7
FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY
This area gives a portrayal of the monetary projections on the
proposed project that normal to yield as against the expense. This
additionally incorporates deciding the restitution time frame and the
breakdown of projects.
7.1. Project Cost
These segments give the costs of materials utilized dependent on
the present esteem administered by present items. The estimations
of such materials and work may be exposed to change as time.
48.
49.
50.
51. 7.2. Cost Benefits Calculations
This segment gives data about the expense of activity, support, assessed sparing,
the rate of the venture, recompense period, and breakeven.
7.2.1. Operation and Maintenance
The activity of Dual staged seashell processor in a month to month premise
gives costing because of wear and tear of the pedal mechanism and crusher system.
This costing must be considered because it is a piece of the month to month due paid
by the barangay or owner.
52. 7.2.2. Maintenance Cost
Support cost of dual stage seashell crusher must be considered not to
be debasing its administration life. To keep away from risk and
inconvenience to the understudy who will work the gear recognition of
planned support can ensure legitimate task of the seashell crusher.
53. 7.2.3. Estimated Savings
The expense of seashell crusher is a lot less expensive contrasted with the
establishment of an electronically controlled crusher. Reserve funds from the
framework depend on its activity system. There is no electrical power utilization
amid the activity of the operation compared with the ordinary ways.
54. 7.2.4. Rate of Investment
The return of investment is projected after five (5) years since the
starting operation of the “Sea Shell Eco-Pro." The following are the
things to be considered for appropriate pricing of system service
occupants.
55.
56. After a return of investment for the next five years since the operation, the system
service price will reduce a significant amount because installation costs will be no
longer a concern. Costing like maintenance cost will still be based on present value.
57.
58.
59. Breakeven
To breakeven the rental profit of the Seashell Eco-Pro to its
total operation cost, the calculations must be based upon the
total mass produced by the operators in a month and annual
basis.
Total mass produced (Rent of Php 4.00/kg) = # of unit produced (Capital Cost +
Maintenance Cost + Total Honorarium Cost)
60. In a month,
Total mass produced (4) = 1(16025.00 + 5500.00 + 5000.00)
Total mass produced = 6,631.25 kg per month or 221.04 kg per day
In a year,
Total mass produced (4) = 1[16025.00 + 5500.00 + 6000.00(12)]
Total mass produced = 20,381.25 kg per year
61. Chapter 8
RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The following points below are considered for the design of the Dual-
Staged Sea Shell Processor for the livelihood community project of
Brgy. Pta. Taytay.
8.1 Results
The following results are listed below;
1. The total price of the design of Dual-Staged Sea Shell Processor is
estimated to be 16,025 pesos while the single-staged crushers such as the
hammer mill cost to an estimate of 15,600 and the jaw mill cost to
around 19,500 or a combined cost of 35,100.
62. 2. The total cost of investment of the project is at 43,525.00 Php with a
payback period of 1 year and eight months.
3. The “Sea Shell Eco-Pro” can save a total of 221,130.00 pesos a year of
operation for it does not use any electricity to operate which also reduce
the expenses for purchasing electric motor.
4. The overall cost, operation, maintenance, and installation of the “Sea
Shell Eco-Pro” are much cheaper than the motor powered crusher mills
and have an estimated income of about 14,208.50 Php annually.
5. The “Sea Shell Eco-Pro” has a dual stage crushing system while most of
the crusher mills that are available in the market have only a single stage
system.
63. 8.2 Recommendations
It is recommended that the LGU of Brgy shall implement the Sea
Shell Eco-Pro. Pta. Taytay. Moreover, for the longevity of the equipment
it is advised to observe the following:
1. The seashells that will be processed must be dry and clean to avoid
corrosion and rust in the unit.
2. Always check the unit before and after operations.
3. Maintenance and cleaning must be done weekly, especially on
weekends.
4. For replacement of the parts, make sure to refer first to the maintenance
personnel to prevent further damages, and the parts are available in local
hardware and shops.
64. 5. Operators must wear proper PPE such as masks, gloves and goggles.
6. Always keep the unit in a dry place and away from seawater.
7. Minors and senior citizens were advised or at must be prohibited from
operating the unit.
