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Learning to "SEE": Using Direct Observation in Teaching Trainees
1.
2. Know
Do
Learning Objectives
âą The benefit and application of direct
observation in teaching trainees.
âą How to observe trainees in their interactions
with patients.
âą Empowered to conduct more objective
observations of traineesâ behaviors.
âą Orient trainees to direct observation and
feedback.
âą Build meaningful feedback into the direct
observation process.
âą Require action planning after each direct
observation.
Feel
3. Crime Scene Challenge
ï„ You have 2 minutes to study the next photograph.
ï„ Pay attention to the details.
ï„ Do NOT write anything down until you project
the next slide.
Set your stop watch for 2 minutes.
4.
5. 1. What color coffee mug was in the picture? Blue - Red -Yellow
2. When was the deadline? Yesterday - Today -Tomorrow
3. What time was on the clock on the wall? 10:40 - 11:05 - 1:55
4. How many sticky notes were on the whiteboard? 4 - 6 - 8
5. Which of the following was NOT in the picture? Stapler -Trash can - Printer
6. What was the name on the plaque on the desk? Bill - Brian - Carl
7. What color was the victimâs shirt? Black - Blue - Red
8. How many plants were in the picture? 0 - 1 - 2
9. What was the color of the marker in the desk drawer? Red - Blue - Green
10. Where was the book in the picture? On box - In trash can - Under body
Answer Each Question Below
When youâve answered each question, go to next slide.
6. 1. What color coffee mug was in the picture? Yellow
2. When was the deadline? Today
3. What time was on the clock on the wall? 11:05
4. How many sticky notes were on the whiteboard? 6
5. Which of the following was NOT in the picture? Stapler
6. What was the name on the plaque on the desk? Brian
7. What color was the victimâs shirt? Blue
8. How many plants were in the picture? 2
9. What was the color of the marker in the desk drawer? Green
10.Where was the book in the picture? On a box
Check Your Answers
How did you do?
7. Importance of Direct Observation
ï„ Lets trainees know their work
is important
ï„ Checks to see if they are doing
something correctly
ï„ Helps trainees develop
competence in clinical skills
8. 4 Rules for Observation
â Correct positioning
⥠Minimize external interruptions
âą Avoid intrusions
⣠Be prepared
E Holmboe, MD â Direct Observation by Faculty. In E. S. Holmboe & R.E. Hawkins (Eds.)
(2008). Practical Guide to the Evaluation of Clinical Competence, p. 122.
9. Principle of Triangulation for
Direct Observation
Desk or ExamTable Patient
Trainee Faculty
Observer
E Holmboe, MD â Direct Observation by Faculty. In E. S. Holmboe & R.E. Hawkins (Eds.)
(2008). Practical Guide to the Evaluation of Clinical Competence, p. 126.
10. Benefits of Observation
ï„ Establishes a baseline
ï„ Reinforces the importance of the
student
ï„ Can assess studentâs abilities
ï„ Reminds you that evaluation is not
your only job as a teacher
ï„ Prevents the halo effect
12. Mechanics of Observation
Who is present?
ïWhat roles are they playing?
What is happening?
ïWhat tone (voice) are people using?
ïWhat activity (body language) is occurring?
ïWhat is the pattern, pace of the interaction?
Where is this happening?
Learn to focus on BEHAVIOR, not the person.
13. How can you incorporate
observation
in your practice?
14. Applications of
Direct Observation
ï„ Assess the studentâs clinical skillsâ
interviewing style, technique and organization of PE
ï„ Distinguish specific parts of the
encounterâopening, background history, explanation/
management of plan, closure
ï„ Observe the student in hallway interactions
with preceptors or clinic staff
14
15. ï„ Look for specific behaviors regarding the
process of the visitâputting patient at ease,
communicating clearly, listening attentively
ï„ Separate the content issuesâpatientâs
expectations, psychosocial context, appropriate exam
ï„ Observe how student communicates
attitudesâbody language, voice, pace, touch
Applications of
Direct Observation, cont.
15
PEP2 Facilitatorâs Module 3 (Observation), p. 3.7.
16. Applications of
Direct Observation, cont.
ï„ Observe effect of the interaction on the
patientâConfusion? Satisfaction? Questions?
ï„ Organize, prioritize, and balance examples
of positive and negative items prior to
providing feedback
ï„ Differentiate between observation and
interpretationâremember, the challenge in observation
is withholding judgment.
17. ObservationTips
â Do It!
⥠Active Watching (the challenge in observation
is withholding judgment)
âą Be Observed
⣠Observe the Behavior (learn to focus on
behavior and not the person)
âMerely looking at the sick is not observing.â
-- Florence Nightingale
19. Be intentional about observing
your learners directly during
patient visits/procedures and
provide meaningful feedback.
20. What will you keep the same?
What will you do more of?
What will you do less of?
What will you stop doing?
What will you do differently & how will you do it?
What will you add?
LEARN â REFLECT -TEACH