For conputer engineers

1. HISTORY OF COMPUTERS, COMPUTER
ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE
MODULE 1

4. GENERATION OF COMPUTER
ACCORDING TO COMPONENTS

5. FIRST GENERATION:
1937 – 1946
 1937 the first electronic digital computer was built by Dr. John V.
Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. It was called the Atanasoff-Berry
Computer (ABC).
 1943 an electronic computer name the Colossus was built for the
military.
 1946 the first General–Purpose digital computer Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was built.
 weighed 30 tons, and had 18,000 vacuum tubes which was
used for processing.
 Computers of this generation could only perform single task,
and they had no operating system

6. ATANASOFF-BERRY COMPUTER
(ABC).

7. ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, built by J. Presper
Eckert and John V. Mauchly was a general-purpose computer. It had
been very heavy, large, and contained 18,000 vacuum tubes.

8. SECOND GENERATION:
1947 – 1962
 This generation of computers used transistors instead of vacuum
tubes which were more reliable
 1951 the first computer for commercial use was introduced to the
public; the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC 1).
 1953 the International Business Machine (IBM) 650 and 700 series
computers made their mark in the computer world. During this
generation of computers over 100 computer programming languages
were developed, computers had memory and operating systems.
Storage media such as tape and disk were in use also were printers
for output
 Programming language was shifted from high level to programming
language and made programming comparatively a simple task for
programmers. Languages used for programming during this era were
FORTRAN (1956), ALGOL (1958), and COBOL (1959).

10. THIRD GENERATION:
1963 - 1971
 The invention of integrated circuit brought us the third generation of
computers. With this invention computers became smaller, more
powerful more reliable and they are able to run many different
programs at the same time.
 As compared to second-generation computers, 3rd generation
computers were cheaper in price, smaller in size, less heavy in
weight, faster in speed and more efficient.
 High-level programming languages such as ALGOL-68, FORTRAN-II
TO IV, BASIC, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1 were used.
 These computers were introduced with magnetic storage.

11. FOURTH GENERATION
COMPUTERS (1971-PRESENT)
 In 1971 First microprocessors were used, the large scale of integration
LSI circuits built on one chip called microprocessors. The most
advantage of this technology is that one microprocessor can contain all
the circuits required to perform arithmetic, logic, and control functions
on one chip.
 Technologies like multiprocessing, multiprogramming, time-sharing,
operating speed, and virtual memory made it a more user-friendly and
customary device. The concept of private computers and computer
networks came into being within the fourth generation
 In the fourth generation, multiple high-level languages like BASIC,
PASCAL, COBOL, FORTRAN, and C language were developed.
 The use of data communication was widespread because of these
computers. The development of the networking between the systems
began in the fourth-generation computers.

13. ALTAIR SERIES

14. APPLE II

15. APPLE II SERIES

16. IBM PC

17. FIFTH GENERATION
COMPUTERS
 The technology behind the fifth generation of computers is AI.
 It allows computers to behave like humans. It is often seen in
programs like voice recognition, area of medicines, and
entertainment. Within the field of games playing also it’s shown
remarkable performance where computers are capable of beating
human competitors.
 Based on artificial intelligence, uses the Ultra Large-Scale
Integration (ULSI) technology and parallel processing method
(ULSI has millions of transistors on a single microchip and Parallel
processing method use two or more microprocessors to run tasks
simultaneously).

19. COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
A typical computer today
has five basic components:
 RAM
 CPU
 storage devices,
 I/O (input/output)
devices,
 Communication
devices

20. COMPUTER SYSTEMS
A computer system is a combination of all the components required
to process and store data using a computer. Every computer system
is composed of multiple pieces of hardware and software.
Hardware is the equipment, or the physical devices,
associated with a computer.
Software is computer instructions that tell the hardware what
to do. Software is a programs, which are instruction sets written
by programmers.

21. SOFTWARE CAN BE CLASSIFIED
INTO TWO BROAD TYPES:
 Application Software comprises all the programs you apply to a
task, such as processing programs, spreadsheets, payroll and
inventory programs, and games.
 System Software comprises the programs that you use to manage
your computer, including operating systems such as Windows, Linux,
or UNIX for larger computers and Google Android and Apple iOS for
smartphones..

23. PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
Programming languages are broadly classified into three levels:
 machine languages,
 assembly languages
 high-level languages.
Machine Language is the only programming language the CPU
understands. Each type of CPU has its own machine language.
Assembly Language is a type of low-level programming language that
is intended to communicate directly with a computer’s hardware.

26. JAVA
 Object-Oriented Programming
 Developed by James Gosling and his team
at Sun Microsystems in California.

27. C LANGUAGE
JAVA

28. END TOPIC
QUIZ
TIME