2. COVID slammed Indonesia’s economy hard in 2020
Indonesia’s GDP shrank by more
than expected in the fourth
quarter, leading to its first full-year
contraction since 1998.
It grappled with the hit from the
COVID-19 pandemic.
4. 1. Comparison between the 2020 pandemic-triggered crisis and the 1998 crisis
▪ Compared with the 1998 crisis, Indonesia’s economy is far stronger and healthier today.
▪ This is reflected in several aspects, including the five-fold increase in the gross domestic product
(GDP) to USD1.1 trillion and a seven-fold increase in foreign exchange reserves to USD129 billion.
▪ External debt, which is always a concern, increased by 3.1 times to USD404 billion.
▪ One aspect that needs to be underlined is that Indonesia’s debt-to-GDP ratio has declined to 36%
from 57%.
▪ Interestingly, Indonesia, both in 1998 and 2020, saw the rupiah depreciate to 16,500-16,600 to the
dollar.
▪ The difference is that the depreciation rate in 2020 was 16% compared to 500% in 1998.
5. 1. Comparison between the 2020 pandemic-triggered crisis and the 1998 crisis
▪ The most significant difference was felt in terms of political stability.
▪ Also, unlike in 1998 when social security protection was not available, the public is now well-
protected by the social security program or Healthcare and Social Security Agency (BPJS Kesehatan)
that allows them to enjoy free medical treatment.
▪ In addition to Indonesia’s far more stable economic condition today, the government’s policies
also give significant impacts.
“Various stimulus that are implemented with a main focus on providing services for the poor should help
maintain economic stability.”
6. 2. Efforts to seize opportunities amidst Covid-19 pandemic
▪ Although Indonesia has been hit by a Covid-19-triggered economic crisis, the digital economy has
the potential to drive national economic recovery.
▪ As one of the countries with the highest social media participation, Indonesia has seen rapid growth
in digital economy over the past decade.
▪ With the large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) imposed by the government amid the pandemic, the
logistics sector is enjoying a positive trend as people tend to shop on e-commerce to fulfill their
daily needs.
▪ The work from home (WFH) policy has also encouraged people to utilize digital channels.
▪ This is a reality during the Covid-19 period; in the past, everything took longer to be implemented
in terms of digital, but now it’s happening and working.
7. 3. Indonesia’s economic condition post-Covid-19 pandemic
▪ Health infrastructure in Indonesia is facing many challenges and is expected to take longer to
recover compared to other ASEAN countries with stronger and more solid health infrastructure.
“Unlike the health condition, Indonesia’s economy is expected to recover faster. This is possible
because Indonesia is one of the countries with strong domestic demands”
▪ Historically, Indonesia’s average export-to-GDP ratio is 20%-25%.
▪ In a normal situation, Indonesia lags behind other countries that have a higher percentage.
▪ The current condition drags down the economy of several countries that initially grew faster than
Indonesia when external demand slowed.
▪ On the contrary, countries like Indonesia that depend on domestic demand have the potential to
survive better.
9. The Indonesian economy continued to recover in 2021 despite moderating due to the COVID-19 Delta
variant wave mid-year.
World Bank: the economy is estimated to have expanded 3.7 percent this year and is forecast to
accelerate to 5.2 percent in 2022.
To sustain economic momentum and prevent the effects of the pandemic, need to focus on a policy
that
1. strengthens investment
2. accelerates human capital accumulation
3. boosts productivity
10. ▪ It will also be important to enhance fiscal space to for the pandemic response and for medium-term
fiscal sustainability.
▪ Indonesia’s structural reforms will be important to building a more competitive, resilient, and greener
economy.
▪ Policy priorities to turn Indonesia’s climate commitments into actions while still advancing the
country’s broader development objectives.
▪ The power sector will have a central role in contributing to Indonesia’s target of cutting
greenhouse gas emissions by
26% with business-as-usual approach
41% with enhanced international support by 2030, and of reaching carbon neutrality by 2060.
▪ Phasing down coal and scaling up renewable energy will be central to meeting Indonesia’s low
carbon transition targets.
Challenges to this (the pandemic) by
1. accelerating the vaccine rollout in lagging areas
2. accelerating testing, tracing, and treatment; and
3. maintaining an accommodative monetary and financial policy stance
11. To clear signals about the transition pathway:
▪ Strengthening public institutions in the power sector
▪ Aligning the government’s and the power utility’s (PLN) net-zero carbon strategies
To help attract the private sector:
▪ Reforming renewable energy price controls
▪ Reducing or eliminating local content requirements for renewable energy equipment
▪ Phasing out coal and fuel subsidies.
🡪 Improving PLN’s revenue adequacy will be essential to financing its investment needs.
Finally, a comprehensive plan needs to be developed to ensure that people and communities will benefit
from the transition to a greener economy.
13. Understanding climate change
Our climate is changing:
1. increases in global average air and ocean temperature,
2. rising global sea levels,
3. long-term sustained widespread reduction of snow and
ice cover, and
4. changes in atmospheric and ocean circulation and
regional weather patterns, which influence seasonal
rainfall conditions.
14. ▪ These changes on climate are caused by
extra heat in the climate system due to
the addition of greenhouse gases to the
atmosphere.
▪ The greenhouse effect is a natural
process that warms the Earth’s surface.
▪ The additional greenhouse gases are
primarily due to human activities such as
Agriculture, Forestry, and Land Use
(18.4%)
1. Livestock & manure (5.8%)
2. Agricultural soils (4.1%)
3. Rice cultivation (1.3%)
4. Crop burning (3.5%)
5. Deforestation (2.2%)
6. Cropland (1.4%)
7. Grassland (0.1%)
15.
16. Kemenperin Luncurkan Program Pengurangan
Emisi CO2 di Sektor Industri
Kementerian Perindustrian (Kemenperin) bekerjasama dengan sejumlah negara donor di bawah koordinasi United
Nations Development Program (UNDP) meluncurkan Program Implementasi Konservasi Energi dan Pengurangan Emisi
CO2 di Sektor Industri.
“Berdasarkan Kebijakan Industri Nasional, visi Kementerian Perindustrian
adalah membawa Indonesia untuk menjadi negara industri yang tangguh
di dunia pada tahun 2025, dan tujuan jangka panjang pembangunan
industri adalah pembangunan industri dengan konsep pembangunan yang
berkelanjutan atau sustainable development,” kata Menperin
17. ▪ Secara nasional, penyumbang gas rumah kaca terbesar adalah sektor kehutanan yang diikuti oleh sektor
transportasi, sektor industri, sektor komersial dan sektor rumah tangga.
▪ Di sektor industri sendiri terdapat 3 sumber emisi gas rumah kaca, yaitu penggunaan energi sekitar 40%, dan
sisanya berasal dari teknologi proses dan limbah yang dihasilkan industri.
▪ Terkait penggunaan energi, pemerintah telah mengeluarkan PP No. 70 Tahun 2009 tentang konservasi
energi yang mengharuskan pengguna sumber energi dan penggunan energi yang menggunakan energi lebih
besar atau sama dengan 6.000 setara ton minyak (TOE) per tahun wajib melakukan konservasi energi
melalui manajemen energi dengan menunjuk manager energi.
“Seorang manajer energi harus mampu menyusun program konservasi energi; melaksanakan audit energi
secara berkala; melaksanakan rekomendasi hasil audit energi hingga melaporkan pelaksanaan konservasi
kepada pejabat berwenang”
Kemenperin Luncurkan Program Pengurangan Emisi
CO2 di Sektor Industri
18. ▪ Upaya konservasi dan efisiensi energi yang dilakukan dunia usaha tentu saja membutuhkan sejumlah
investasi untuk teknologi.
▪ Agar program konservasi ini dapat merangsang dunia usaha melakukannya secara sukarela, pemerintah
akan memfasilitasinya dengan memberikan insentif yang dilakukan melalui monitoring yang ketat dalam
penerapannya
▪ Beberapa industri yang tergolong lahap energi mengkonsumsi energi lebih dri 6.000 TOE dan menyerap 80%
dari total energi sektor industri antara lain industri semen, industri baja, industri pulp & kertas, industri tekstil,
industri keramik, industri pupuk, industri petrokimia, industri makanan dan minuman tertentu.
Kemenperin Luncurkan Program Pengurangan Emisi
CO2 di Sektor Industri
20. Optimalkan Agroindustri, Pemerintah
Sinergikan Industri dan Pertanian
▪ Pemerintah terus berupaya mengoptimalkan hasil pertanian dalam negeri agar memiliki nilai tambah, serta
mampu menjadi penopang industri nasional.
▪ Guna mendorong upaya tersebut, dilakukan sinergi antara Kementerian Perindustrian (Kemenperin) dan
Kementerian Pertanian (Kementan) yang dituangkan dalam Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) atau nota
kesepahaman.
▪ Ruang lingkup kesepakatan bersama meliputi
1. peningkatan produksi,
2. peningkatan mutu, nilai tambah, dan daya saing produk pertanian sebagai bahan baku industri,
3. peningkatan kompetensi sumber daya manusia (SDM),
4. peningkatan jejaring kemitraan usaha pertanian dengan industri,
5. pertukaran data dan informasi,
6. sinergi regulasi dan standar dalam pengembangan,
7. pembangunan agribisnis dan agroindustri.
21. “Industri agro merupakan subsektor industri pengolahan nonmigas yang mempunyai peranan penting dan strategis dalam
perekonomian nasional, sehingga kinerjanya harus dioptimalkan,” tutur Rochim.
▪ Bila dilihat dari kontribusi ekspor, industri agro mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam nilai pengapalan industri
pengolahan non-migas.
▪ Kontribusi industri agro merupakan yang terbesar terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) industri pengolahan non-
migas, yaitu 52,13% pada Triwulan III-2020.
▪ Sedangkan, kontribusinya terhadap industri pengolahan non-migas terkait sektor pertanian mencapai 43.92%.
▪ Pertumbuhan industri agro selama periode 2015-2019 rata-rata sebesar 6,34%.
▪ Angka tersebut berada di atas rata-rata pertumbuhan industri pengolahan non-migas pada periode tersebut (4,69%).
▪ Industri makanan dan minuman memiliki rata-rata pertumbuhan lebih tinggi, yaitu sebesar 8,16%. Sepanjang triwulan III
tahun 2020, industri makanan dan minuman juga tumbuh positif sebesar 0,66%.
Optimalkan Agroindustri, Pemerintah
Sinergikan Industri dan Pertanian
22. ▪ Untuk meningkatkan kinerja sektor industri agro, Kemenperin membangun langkah-langkah strategis, antara lain
1. penguatan kemampuan industri agro secara menyeluruh dengan fokus pada perbaikan sektor hulu pertanian
2. mendekatkan sektor pertanian dan sektor industri agro kepada teknologi Industri 4.0
3. meningkatkan efisiensi value chain dengan membangun jaringan cold-chain yang lebih baik
4. meningkatkan produksi industri agro modern dengan inovasi produk yang didukung insentif super deduction tax untuk
research and development (R&D).
▪ Pemerintah juga terus berupaya untuk
1. memperkuat daya saing produk industri agro dari segi kualitas, harga, dan kemampuan delivery untuk memenuhi pasar
ASEAN dan global,
2. meningkatkan SDM teknis dan teknologi industri agro untuk menguatkan kemampuan produksi nasional di pasar global
Optimalkan Agroindustri, Pemerintah
Sinergikan Industri dan Pertanian
23. ▪ Monoculture and intensive animal farming are the main agricultural production patterns in today’s
industrial agriculture.
▪ However, the damage to the ecological environment, public health, and animal welfare are big limitations.
▪ Although presently, the agricultural production process is mechanized and informative, the lack of
digitization and intelligence are major obstacles to improving the automation capability.
▪ Moreover, the agri-food supply chain at the current stage is not intelligently managed.
▪ To address these issues, it is essential to integrate emerging Industry 4.0 technologies into agriculture.
From Industry 4.0 to Agriculture 4.0
26. Industry 4.0 technologies in agriculture
A. Internet of Things
Key Applications of IoT in Agriculture:
▪ The IoT, as a core technology in Industry 4.0, is transforming
many aspects of our daily lives by creating a smart
connected world.
▪ The agricultural applications of IoT include precision farming,
livestock monitoring, smart greenhouse, fishery
management, and weather tracking.
27. B. Robotics and Autonomous Systems (RAS)
Key Applications of RAS in Agriculture:
▪ RAS, an integration of many emerging
technologies (such as robotics, computer
vision, AI, and control systems)
▪ Widely used in industrial manufacturing to
increase productivity
improve the reliability of products
replace human to do repetitive tasks.
▪ Meanwhile, agricultural production is being
fundamentally transformed by applying RAS
into the agricultural industry.
28. C. Artificial Intelligence
Key Applications of AI
▪ AI plays an important role in RAS.
▪ With classification, logistic regression,
association analysis, and decision-
making capabilities
▪ AI is also being applied to other
applications in agriculture, such as
agricultural decision support system
(ADSS), mobile agricultural expert
system, and agricultural predictive
analytics.
29. D. Blockchain
Key Applications of Blockchain in Agriculture:
▪ Smart contract (or distributed ledger technology) and
cybersecurity are two key applications of blockchain in
agriculture.
▪ Fig. 6 demonstrates a blockchain-based smart contract for
traceable agri-food supply chain.
▪ The digital transformation of the agri-food supply chain is
expected to be enabled by blockchain-based smart contract
technologies toward a traceable, transparent, trustful, and
intelligent ecosystem.
