Listening for key details in a conversation

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@2012 by Nakamura Kaori, Fukushima Sachi, and Tomomatsu Etsuko
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
Publisher.
Published by 3A Corporation.
Trusty Kojimachi Bldg., 2F,4, Kojimachi 3-Chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083,
Japan
ISBN978-4-883 1 9-609-8 C008 1
First published2012
Printed in Japan

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The problem is to listen carefully and pick up the requests, instructions and suggestions ofa coherent conversation or spoken state-
ment and to think u,hat should be done. On the problem sheet, the choices are shou,n in written form or as illustrations. In the actual
examination there rvill be an exercise before the problem is presented.
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Since the question says r * f' (first)1, one should think about what is done at the beginning. The teacher has said rFfiHrJf E ( rr )
/3Lr (themanuscriptisnotreadyyet)1 and tf ('i:*-:(.-Eii< laoitfirstandletmeseeit)l.Asthestudentsays rtrj;r (yes).1,
agreeing to the teacher's instructions, and then asks rE 3 Ef O i* * t e> A L a 5 fl il(" t,. t,. (i,) (ts it okay to only rewrite
the conclusion?)1, the correct answer is 2.
ln this manner, attention wiil be focused on the words expressing what should be done, that is, on words that denote an instruction or
request, and on whether or not the opposite party has given its consent to the instruction or request.
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The problel-r is to listen carefully and to narrou.down the question asked to the key point(s) ofa coherent conversation or spoken
statement. The questions asketl are about the reasons and purpose ofthe event and the f-eelings ofthe speaker. ln the actual examina-
tion there will be an exercise before the problem is presented.
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Using the choices as hints for suggesting the reasons why the man cannot go to the drinking parfy should be considered. His r 7 )V
u4 F (part-timejob)t isnottheanswer,ashesays rr.r1,r 1:ffiffi/grrnoproblemlt.Hethensays tffii,-l-6i*Lr,r:(*E*
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7H @) (my elder sister's child)1 , thus the correct answer is 2. The person who tfi
i#alfiE{E>ti:l: ( (is going to a friend's wedding party)l is his elder sister and rt,.:6 /a 6lE*i1ff4 teLtit) t (always has
the weekend off, bur.. [:4Ei*fFa-e i* /r t,, this weekend is not off])l is his elder brother.
ln this manner, attention will be focused on the same words being in the choices or the words that have the same meaning as the
choices and one should consider what the person talking about this really wants to say (answering in the affirmative or negative).
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The problem is to listen carefully to a coherent conversation or spoken statement and to consider il,hat the conversation or the spo-
ken statement as a whole is saying and u,hat the intentions ofthe persons speaking are. In the actual examination there will be an
exercise before the problem is presented.
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Sincethetopicthatisindicatedbysaying rafiEy'| L* L j, (letmeintroduce)1 isabout tt*i-t. l)( ""i'OFDf (some
usetul methods)l that are useful when one is rH$F L ( L X ( i ) (ail tensed up)-l, the correct answer is 2. rRilff t,L'O +f= i
(expressinggatitudeinone'sheart)tandt{6i:-E(->L)lt)'-tt<. ZA'fA)1Affi( (tensingyourbodyandthenrelaxing
it)t are examples of these methods.
In this manner, attention will be focused on what the conversation or the spoken statement as a whole is saying and what the inten-
tions ofthe persons speaking are.
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The problem is to consider the utterances that flt the situations and circumstances from the standpoint ofthe person concerned rvhile
looking at the illustration. The ansrvers will be expressions denoting a request or asking for permission. There rvill be an exercise
belbre the problem is presented.
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Since the explanation of the situational context says r$ffiA)]:ffi ( (ast< the office clerk)1, the office clerk explains to the per-
sons marked with an arrow (the person speaking) the way in which the form should be completed. Choice 2 fits the situation because
it gives the way of asking for an explanation to the person asking. Choice 1 gives the way in which the person speaking asks for per-
mission and choice 3 the way in which the person speaking makes a suggestion.
In this manner, the fltting expression is selected on a proper understanding ofthe circumstance and the situation. Attention should be
given to the expression that explains whose action it is and the fixed expression used in the given circumstance.
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ffi*Flu(i{ifiul)(ffi6-)EtaE, frifrztr,e#-fii6r&Blttsifr, EHTB-'IFrR" rtrIl+zriEifi,,lfrrF5[
,l' tr! lrl H, r&4 3 tzrii,ifi ,,l P!ei!, fl 6 i6 ffi tis '-.'ttrF.
Biggffi*mrfiBffiif,ififfiR, *frt+qzfEHE!*tsi;t. 4iLc.*fUB[&frifrtl#-iLfrrt+' Arcffi+lfr.EtE'
4 x##E-@

HF"i. #8. .feffi. 6 ,, J -r /a ertdr,i iofu,'r.i$. f (" i: < nrE" "t E zT {4 z
!r/:ll DreL, U lJ/, 6,ttl. *r. Ai,L$,
6 F€E("r' F[ao;fi'$Arii. F"lEarEtl;ffFH h b t) *' T "
This problem is to think about the most suitable way of ansrvering immediately after hearing a shofi sentence which may be a ques-
tion, repoft, or greeting. In the actual examination there will be an exercise belbre the problem is presented.
EIB. trfr 4ifr F!Ef{r*, Ef EAE-iEfriE"
ffiilufts €)
. oFfiE(ci.
i'6. ? o,'.Lli.
6rLt.ji L /ai: s-/- E
HFEtrfiEl:{46 t,,tu3: 3?t<v.*tll,. *9-XAffir,,( ( fi 3 v.. <tL
ts r*r' lrl Lr:
2ffitz:(. 1rt'6 ja+h,6. E{.:, }r,,4;ot--ti-6L<' ( /jJv,.
(l)
o
I 2 2
I 2 3
@-F,irufiErr

7, t)
t1"h
{1) a
sli
w
7l'
-ti)
ffi:( {t*,* r,,r**1"i,"
L?,1r'
2 i*t,., fttlL * f" ,
3 i-e. *j*,[, ( li$ r,,.
z) *
*ilr
'E
a I 5 ii<
+H, lsLa'ttrttf:.a?
**5 i-lrrLs
+E i* ElffiH/.] a "
tl"L€ L-
EBH*itt* t"(, *
Li
,$ x I- l. A*'lft j "
1
Z
5
.)
Sfltrt s (z)Z
i*& alt tb Eln, 6t uritlA, x5 tA, 1)
(1) ;=f;g,,trrtr 6tcd>i.;ftra* e>a*fr<,. 3 rrzi'Li.ai E+rr-.
,.i- b 0}itJ,n .b, D @a E EliL& .d, 6 ^/' L)
(2) | ts L? t t v . i *eexw,*fF "2 < ItrH a H ! ) ( / ) a a <.. 2 bRU oy.t: A i ESrT.
Pi E b6h UridL ,'r.r b .rt urilJl" iJh a 6loi r,'
.a L i l:. /di'rafihfFtt?tlEi.+. A;6('{EbtLatH. 6(;E/r Dc:/}.a:L *f.
(1) The first sentence is an expression used to ask for permission to sit down. So 3 is the reply best suited to the first sentence.
(2) Because the reason is asked by using a colloquial expression ls L-C t,2 is the answer best suited to the first sentence.
In this manner, attention is drawn to whose action the expression points to and to the colloquial expression or polite language.
( 1 ) fE l,l +zr ii ifi ,, [R 4 T, r+ M.:*th:tL'i+i+ HJ, tr rft ierf 3 Bi E A f[ ts E gd .
(2) EE f tr i*+rtirt " /r tu<"" iEhl4 H' tr rltfr ,I 2 ffi E 6f[EEm.
4+H yW A ffE! + {+EiS, t 4 B, L'A ifr + lF.HT tt tat*ffi*it f fi ' H WH l*- ffiffitr # "
5 E[E+ril€--@

i. }jt 3 t)
flt/<utaE@fH: *tlt
Lf_4) F'IEZPTttE
* grl
t ", eiiE r.. r -:, t | *,/ os,/ x )<#-f!*8. rLr pHH (z,, a,/,/ - l) /s D. fdEze
iit 3 E
f v,Hi:i:, t't I<HB * L r i .
Be sure to listen carefully formisunderstood sounds expressed byraised t " I and small tt_.t andl *,/tg,/ X1 and tLl andthe
long sounds in t i-,t a,/ ) - | ).
64yfrtfrtrt#@}f;iA-a"'". fEE""r". #:8"+,/o,/x". +fr.E"L"h.KE"i-r.,a,//* t-"+, #[ffiqthrt
ii.c.-"
tLLLb'
fi,FB I _A
H,,,< ( /Ja u'" HhioH*rffiu u at:,. E*n-cf ,.. a&
({rll) ( a
(t)( a
(2)(a
(3) ( a
(4) ( a
(5) ( a
(6) ( a
(7) ( a
(8) (a
(e) ( a
(10) ( a
@'c)
b.c)
b.c)
b.c)
b.c)
b.c)
b.c)
b.c)
b. c)
b.c)
b.c)
cD- +h EEtflE- r EFot+f.T t.t?h6

@ vrt> r-.P-r 2 ri.-2=2
7, tv I p4 y I i-Y =
,.aihrn'l EL.ffi ( r. *froi€v,iri2i, D sT (
*T.
Differences in meanhg are made easier to understand when listening by using accents and intonation as a clue.
'E E l# $ltr lfrei# iE B! 6 lEl, trJ ll-{ A X}fl i4 lft *Jtffi "
t1LLfi.
#FB1 _B
tamr,( ( /:.d r,'. z^ t, b<"-frr," do$)
w
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(e)
m)
d &it-&
Zt+h,6 (@) *EW
tllih, L
b ffiW )'.fr**f.
-l. a*tfu. (a =-L- b : u- ). *;ffiv,L*T"
Er,8, te /ab, b
(a 3:E b ffi)lf ). Bl+3tui.A,,*L/c"
lr* I,I*
:i'ri*(a + b [H )r/svrt(3*iitu.
(a 6i-rij'v.v, b 6i,i-i*v.r,, )tHv,*f"
iit, h'z rt
+((a ifr'>tc b Ai'fc )i*iirt"t"tfj'
"r, <
:OEE. (a trx'>L b t"xit )t,'t,'tT?'f,"
.i.v,75r l6 t" a L'ts D a
.OBREi*(a 6i-trtr,/c b 6i .EF,/cv, )"
h,
trz-(a C{tl*Hofc b c{t.bh,->fc )oz
ltLrs(a,*i. b *ax. lt$a*Lx).
?.
bL(a 6a,rL. r5*? b $aDLr.x*?-)j"
I 'Dt<uraEafu1lh'[J--@

{? ll _ D J./w f./w t L L ,r/.
W?t*. r-E$r t-Jlt /r Da;B{tir-:>r,r/c D. t4. b Eto} i /r#r,rEtLtcqT A L.
E L 6.,i r' lcti E L
Efl Ery D i: ( ( /r D * T "7, -V > | F 4 v l. r- - ! a yi:it,E'r L <. E L ( H EHx D * L r
,"
It may be hard to understand what the speaker is saying if counter suffixes, such as -o'c1ock and - minute(s), or expressions like r 4 .
5 El (4 or 5 days)l are used. Pay attention to accent and intonation to help you conectly understand what is beinj said.
&?trmf*Eirl, in"-E*". "-'n" jiit+BltzrEftFJBlEif,, fi,t))" 4. 5 E (4, 5X)"B!firfrHrlB{, A}grr
Efr h illxBE., Affi 'HA, T*tf 4. H.c.:triE&iEiE "
ffiBt -C
tamr,( ( /:'S r,,. €^ t, cr<"-fr'. 6
treS LfE
(r) (a BZq b toozq )
h, ,r h, n,
Q) (a BEi.gEl b +Bt'gB )
t_) J-,12 &,L
(3) (a 3H+5/z b 35h' )
(4) (a 11.1.,{--lz)/5 b tO.tz{-2y
'RA c 's:t"
(5) (a 7.8/ri b 7ffi8ri )
. l:tl frL
(6) (a totr + b lo, + )
,:t" s
(7) (a 3ha2 b s#az )
(8) (a 356H b sHs.6oH')
3' 3'
(e) (a 2,3fl+ b 3nT )
&< tte ttv
00) (a fi!50,, b t50A )
h)
@-.rEErflffi- r EF@t+fffr*tla

Llz 0 L il/6
*E L t,./r. t,ifij't
,r+ i^ ++
i)d)t) * 9
"
l:t Llirnl h' tir iit
E i*. EirAEfA fuf:0. Su,/c b o t i*E: /:El: tsofcD -f 6 : L
When talking with close iriends certain sounds may be omitted or sounds dif-ferent from written language may be used
^d *' pt:i
*4Ll"tcfr?
6 t i,l:{
7T,CIW
r-6ti.i f-Ut).r
t
@ Tt-t
ff
t,*i,ltfrLD+i
t-<to*it r-rt,*)t
r ti
tfll iioa L*a'INL< L*a
r-5 tsr r- D pr
L]
t{rUl a'> t, P,/ < d't L r,
r-( [*r r-T[*r
t
@l -;i'ta tJ / Z n<"1*
,- (ra ( ) 6 rir r- (/a) 5 r:
f:
@fll H5/r(L<,,/L/rEr
t- (te ( ) < {,*: r- (/4) lJtt"[tt
/:
(f!l ,H 5 /s < < (i,/ L tstl tttt
f
--
f a-
'- ( 6l'- C6l
LO
@ *no< a ,/ffi.L<'6
t-(Lbt r-TUb.t
L,A
@ frl-t<i, A,/ffi.L1r, 5
t--Cfct r-T./at
LO
tfll Til-., a t: /fit.A.-e t:
t-T U/cJ t-TUr/rt
Ltr)
@ *lo<u'tc/9RL("1./:
r-((r r-T(r
6t
@ f*: ( ( .t7tr t-<' <
t-<t/(t r,'TLr(.t
6t
@ f$: ( v, ( ,/ffi,L(.,r (
t-T ->tct t-T=lct
6l
@ {$: ( o fc,/ #,L'c c f:
r-< U: /c1 r-1. Ur: Lt
4,L
(fl1 Itroa''tf: IltA.('t 'rf:
r-L <r r-8(r
tia
@ ffir,t /;ft,t-t<
r-(f,o.(t f-T.f;j(t
*i*
@ E r" .( # ( 'ifr,L<'h <
f-2-CJ
i'i1 I',
ilrul R'>-c u, iwl/,1, -: ( ;'> t:
I-- L..t
<d1
t{rLjl tr
*t, L
tt,)Wl,/t,u,La->t:
* r:.t
@ L=a{,2-f ol ( /tloh'D
_ r^ .
)J
@ t<L,/-ra<,/rirt't)
2 EaAV,--G)

@ffi#z-t
lzfi|u,( ( /c'd r,. tt, c)oHfr<"ti'" d$l
tJA,&&
Eli Lr ll
(1) ?Bl*(a tlh'ts(<i*/sf/szr b t1h'tsfi'-.>fc ).
ua ll/- tt tc lil
(Z) EaFF. (a A-i(r,,( b A-ri:fT( )ia.
ai"66
(3) zJ<. (a f*:(v>-rlc b t$:(v'/c )Z
(4) glFfl. (a /r(L(i*r,:B/rv, b /r(L'CL*.'>fc )I.
6{,!
(b) i.iil". ( a t$:(!,:/c b t.*-> LE->tc ) 1"flI.
tLLLiti
f,R?8z - 2
tagv,< . na$t#v.< ( /de r.," f,)
(ff{)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
t )
(8)
(e)
(10)
h/r. #o'c>6
b, <o</)
a tr.
:40.
rl,lrl[. ttaL
fe*.oifr. r,*LL
thtc-
/8. 6i
o) $o)
ff.Z)Vz,
3:F
fi tsfi,
DVD/s6. [1+3l"ir
*i /s
f=tlElD/)
L
?
/aD/j I.
?
?}"
L
A"
2
I +it+ L'
{V l | ) C o
l-
&"
?}"
@- =nEFrfffi
I EFot+1ffr.'HNLa

4 > | i-> a y rt-I -r (. frh'ir#gl.H,a* L'c,t 6t. t i riJbr, a . Lir6 l] * i-.
ln some cases wheiher or not there is agreement with what the interlocutor says is indicated by intonation.
i# tr L' frl nl Dl f|J 5 U in il ,, E 6 lE .c.* ffi ifi .I. ffl l[.*. "
ei r,. ali, €/-tlL F {,
. IELa*L/rv. . Wa . f*ktsfi,t#r, :
a * L,/ il)-,/ Z*
Do not agree,/Retuse,Feel sorry *z;6lEl,a.*. +Effi4trtffiBltBtrfr
l&@
aoh z,/ ooh' -,/ ao<' T h' b ?
a?ai.LkrrDa?
-aL. ?aFitr"
-a -L. z a tibz. (H,=.SL/er,,)
DE
bLtc zB$l:*< ( i't*tLh'.
- il). z B$<"f ,,"
D Dit.
b-. 7 mr?-i.*. (lEL6'* L /rt,.)
- e -. z n$rg. r.6 ? (FiH L /e r,,)
fu[/ar
{,IJEE 3
T!*xfru,< ( /..4,,,. Ha;XrtH*L(v,/r,rb ot:.xt'trJ( ( /:';,1.. fl)
)
)
@
(1) (
(2) (
3 E@HdtEd[-)iHr6 --@

t.:,,, p :.sli
l'll:.,,,..'S
.:i:.. r,..s&*
(4,,..,,&
: . :.,,: l&li
EEI
)4,
Sf;ftrr- e)x
7'r,,,1)'i,
r . l'.: fi/e&
{})::.rr::*r'
@W#s
H#tfru.< ( /43u," HrXirH*L<v./r2,{r at.xt->tl-c ( /aau,.
(1) ( )
(2) ( )
(3) ( )
4) ( )
(5) ( )
(6) ( )
Q) ( )
(8) ( )
(e) ( )
fl0)( )
i
@-*nEfifffi r EFo)ffi1*t iatua

6/,lj!.ifl.LB i3t,ri i
r,lffiMfrL66
Z 4 i:i;]iltrdrl."al/w L2trL 3 .1il_,/:( L B
t#tF,/sh:6{tiE-=,H,EEX LHPfrtmE *r. Zltfi't>. 3 ro)EfEE{2ffir2,(. &u* 6 L
U t tf,,2 b !:t1 7,4
(--,) oLa4t;fiL L(ffi{, } r,, {,oa#u'*f.
The problem is to listen to the explanation ofthe situational context and to the question while looking at a picture and then to listen
to the three choices and select the one you think is best as an utterance ofthe person marked with an arrov.
rtt+,?EHEdAffiE, trE++frJtr1+E*jHin4'lH-,n, *trlEfi-fl,lW, hfr-+frril,,1,1.+ltf+ft86+HEx{
* (Ft; 4i -).4 ft 1B -s. T{E ffi ffi *8i -t .
z a Lrli3ritrDr.id 1,.4,L E
ftf 6Elatt5{t)E,-#EEXLHF,lU FH <
+lLttl l- 3
3 ?OE+Rf,iAFA<
EI
oHSH',xDa,i'4>l
ili3],trdr[,;..1, D i,l.
1 { iE-=,trEExftWfr+-r A
lla art 3 Ot U;,,,JL io, t,
2 ifi-f )" t ffi ( Ao Dt, t,h-r atlilh,i.ii.e.*f 5
l:i:ji .t" 3 a'riu/. t,i, 1,'
3 Zo{ iEr{E,iiX:/:*IEi:itffi:f A
l. Understanding the explanation ofthe situational context
2. Focusing attention on rvhether it is the speaker's or the listener's expression
3. Iocusing attention on standard phrases used in the situation
1 +ElEfHX.tffiE4j'#_H
2 Ffi ifr Me)tll+ f4Eifi, ifr /.t5,Elnifr /.
3 {rir'HE FA-ffi HE'rtts)irtrltjffi {8ffi ,|fl
ffi J+B} il
l;- --;;---1
' I EzaE,3i l
F"zffifi7;rL^6 --@

l,rli3ji.rirD,.;1,1" E lr- b urr3li l! bL D ,'u,
{ iE#,HEXt H.. <. #;fia{ iflef4m XvHfrTL *
l"i J uii:ri i,,f,ir LLji,
c,htfihfft J. 6:ftiflrs ort'Xfi zA . L iJtt/ri-"
The point here is to listen to the explanation ofthe situational context and to comprehend the circumstances and situations ofthe ut-
terance. lt is important to consider what the situation is in which the speaker (person marked with an arrow) and the listener are act-
ing.
dt+EE fthfr-Wlfr, lt4lra*'ffinfi.16.,F'" tsEffq,iIe.-Ei4lBfEfH+ffitr4jEE, +i H+tlffiillREi{ifr-[
( f,r E * ) fr1
-r/t
lF 6 FW rt
^frJ
rJJ tF "
iliii,rlrdtL.-i,d i11,.
O{tifl;H,HXalfrl
i*a Lr t
t;-fig. rrT 6 )
t $ it.B tJ .r' H& Lr t 2/r,
@ ts<;€aifr L :'t^ t{Er,./: ,,tf " (;fi3. nr{E i )
t +r A4 )t), i l"<,^, ,' ii/6 (} t a /'< l"
@ F..E.t.'W.nfc0)?. Effia{tb o-c il> tl* T" (;fi9- nJE#i-f a)
i tit
[H( nr?.5)
t6/.'6 u^ "crLtr ,' 3 Lrt i'
@ tr:Sl: H+6HAHL< 6 6r,'*f" (H ( riHf )
iirtL 3 <;n * Lh /jtj 3 r-It /6tj
@q ft*r,:tFya;FdEt,,AHL<lX Lru)<"f. (H ( rrHT)
tLLL,r,
fiRB I
liis Lrt a.rt 3 .-|t
f. ;f;f^?,ot)y.) tH( /az^t,
U:i3]iiirD',rdl, a
{ )E#,EEX2ffit,,( (
EA U&
(1) ( ;-fi,.
I*I UL
(2) ( ;fiT
lj/i Li t
(3) ( ;fig /
il/6 L t
(4) ( ;fiTA
lli& Lit
(5) ( ;fi,.
il/6 L t
(6) ( ;=fiT
llij a. t
0) ( ;fif^
fi3 r,,. Dt, t rrL * Tn," fil-r ( /d5',,. (fr
t{,fl6 *iL
ts)g ) hlw.za
t{rE6 th'
tr)e ) nJ{E i
LI Ti3 UL L
WOffiOA )
'JHX6
41i L: i},DL
Eo )'. ) nr-Ffi,EBr 6
z Lo) 3 I-r! l
E+nx€<v,5A )nr+ffi6
t,h' UL <'t ti
tr(o )nr+{6,
L Lkh'/. Lt t 6
EBAHO ) iJffi^ 5
@- =rEFriffi
l txifr*.rF"t a7*)b&Y,3i

i-.
w -#ElP,f&ffio#-rR
It. b tLttl L tr,tfL t*& ()t $],ild i ot r.:,t1,4, 6,r, r,
+;fioiE+RL*.ttil>a#-rflh. if;3'/.nr? a L3o*ffih'ffi ( nif a L* a;*Itri.i:ilH
llr,E:,rri?&)t5d tr*/j /-t ])i,!:i 5 Lit Li,3ji D r,t 6L
L * f. *3-{ ifi,#,HEdr. ;-f;9.ArJ9-6{ ifir.ffi ( nr?. 6:Valnh'Xttrfr4LtctA. <tLL
b lt. h Za L*iElit?&r!'il, [- i*- })rl
Ai #;64)E0'* 9-. ({ in..-fr,ffiXri* eL 6ht-f Ah'=b/s,v't*/i$bq * 9-")
The point here is to focus attention on u,hether the expression given in the choices ofthe utterances is the expression made by the
speaker or the expression made by the listener. The selection ofthe utterance best suited to the situation is made after it has first been
understood from the explanation ofthe situational context whether the situation is one brought about by the speaker or one brought
about by the listener. (In some instances it is not stated in the erplanation ofthe situational context which paty has brought about
the situation by his action.)
Itt+EE trJEW*Wff++HE€6itrXB!#tfrtrtiiltFr.l+3rlrREii,i6/.i6)Bryifr/.. trfi, ryErh+tslE'HF, ffirlt
ylBt-dtttrEfrifr.ifi/.*{fitrEmi$/.*,iffi (tuRtfr+eAnIAZxtt1,4'lfrt,ft), *Eit++HEm*8f il.
iitr Lr t
[-if;?.Arj9-6 t E)
B a.rt
[H( njf6tF)
llh; l
7,ffir,f6 I -(+ {,, 6 zA ?,2 4., A Zi.l!Lh' r",/:/:'5/:r,A,<tht,/
Askingforafaior | ( tL6?,/<fu*.r!Lh,,/ ( /jA,,/< flJr.,r*.tLh,,z'
&,trien,F I ELu,/_f:if
3& r' 6:
---"Ttrl
a *e> 6
Asking permission
fir:Fi+4
-<6 f r,rur ? /u.ur-6th,,/L:Ira" L * i fi,,/ N 4 Lt,rCL r i i,
-dtt< + 6 6 ZA ?,/ { r, z*.i! Lh,/v't:/J 3 /: r,)Aff,J.
<tLA?,/ <fu*.r!Lrt',/ ( fi3 u,/ < /d3r.,.*.i!/-h',/
i* L v.Lflt,l D
-/:UrL("-f h:,/-t:t,.A,?f ii D
({8r,,/:r,.) OO. il>q *.-f fi',/ilfr.2*?-r, (nlfr?Atr +h,)
tb t,
(E D /: r..) :. :. f :1.('*d-|, ,/+"u,<ur*.-f h',/ /jiti.r,, * 3. z),
tla t*a a
Ei*AEfl (
Asking how to do
something
iEFtii*. nfr
Di+-ij.r,rr)<"Ltii,
h'l:
-)1hlbh r) /e r,. L("T h: / -hlb h, 6 lSr ) L(" r- il D
- /: lr, /., (" -T ff ,/ - tcr., fu (" r- i, D
2 ;tEli5{fr *E aHilt fr+'t31../ a --@)

@WWz-A
D]rElitrDr,.d/. lt2 b 3 Uli3li &, trI, b
{ ifl#,BEX L z -> aitifi&Efl t,,( ( /d E r,,. :lztifi i:A i #ffi i:Ot. ? i -e'tsu){: a; i: l* x
t'>ti-e ( /ja u'"
(r) r (
z(
3(
(2)r(
z(
s(
(3) r(
z(
s(
(4) r(
2(
!
s(
(5) t(
,(
4
s(
(6) r(
z(
s(
(7) r(
2(
e(
(B) r(
2(
s(
@- =rEFtfffi-
II r#EEtIE, ta7*)r,&.Yli

: 6oi r,.
lE:l)| ;IHT6^8ffEd
*iA i*' Dl, grr Di L 2h' lta Ot Di 3 t,r'b t"i L 2l' *1t' h'
riu146-6"iElglt";q*ffi.i : Lhb D *f. -afr-râfillFtt'Tfihinltlfr.i t B $ftl: lE
B a,rt Da a 6)6h Di L 2h' ilr,- h' at. .) tlr,$/" L$
0 a) L. m ( )"0tfi)tffxt-rgte4tffr.a Le (rtl: H9-) <t*. tAb l.tri ( #IErrE i a<
aaa 1
i+HL*T"
Different verbs may be used in the same situation. It should be noted that when a verb expressing the action ofthe speaker (e.g., {tr
D 6 to borrowl is used, the expression that follows afterwards will be different from when a verb is used expressing the action of
the listener (e.g., Hf to lend).
BIT1EEH--r'fE, Apf4&ffiy.i5ftiil,rt^fr}flffii5Emifi/.Blt[,ft4{idm{Fffirldm;rif,, mE-rf{tffiBlAiiJ4iE,
^s tr r*trrr Ft
-t):id d, A T lE, ffi *it.e.* .
,, ,'
Ufrqa)-(H?')
eiL
ffiEil
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tr|It
,,
lfiq 6
h'
H9
rq,,4rha{J,fqt
E Ot E'E
lffi <
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n
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v.("9. i,
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a.
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a
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lifrT l.ofiJttF) F,< 6 z, z, ?
3 r-ft ai3 4
lH <
ôgt(F)
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ffi(
AL
ih j 2
4 t-a
i*/J ut Di E
lifr-r Logtff *JHE L /: f . L<''f h.
I all Di: ljL
fffr < LagltF) ffi.z< u,tfi E /: .) tu<"9-rj.
66ilv,tcfi(
/ )n 2 ,/ / :t-:* 2
{LlJ,/ /qd€
BA Ot ei3
l#-f )'.oqtiF)
B Lft a'i 3
lrfr < /ogttF)
6 6:(61)!)<"L
( fi3r,,*?tLrt'"
A ) o
1FII6
6fl
TEi.6
i*/J t-t f't E i. 6,
lafr-f )'.ofiJttF) ffi+n.
* Lt Dia E6?
(H ( oSr{G) ffi+rt-
bt
ffilItct,.l"("Tl,i t'"
TEi, ', ( v r /: lc- il * ri l"t,
2 ;fElrp{&.ffi o)*EEtFeiE J:tJ6 --@)

{ ifi#,Hx L 32a'#ka#v,< ( fis u," ifiiHl. }*iB,*rot. z i?rfl,,6oi.,* x
t'>tl-e ( fdA u,. ffi
(r) r
2
3
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-)
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1
2
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(7)
@- FnEFrffi II r#-#trE ta7*)t t#,3i

6l"t'!. U
F"lEEEfll5tf6 '
tct 6 i (" tjriJ'/- 6oi l'
UWA+ UH 6#.lF'I..itHg6
3 Lt aE 6rAr L D Jl/L Lt dr i (" lli3ii
'3.
LI:i
ffi < xl:nit,r"iEEain6ri/c D. 1'tln'brrtvL+Lfrtc0 -r 6{ iflrlt. *.a k)ts--x
ah'
ry.htf*.btu*T.
The lollowing expressions are used in situations in which some problem is made known to the listener or in which help is offered by
the speaker.
# f x Fl EE Ff tr eI F iE +E'{^+ tr tr Bt, E H {E H T Ef B! * ts, fr .
Uli3j, $ri$^,
TffE,&EIE
i*, ir i'!r'
*=#f;tr|l
lf,tr LI h,Lll, 6nlil. L 3
;r-a-xc.H{f;f aftnffiLru 6t(. ffi ( )'.Ewtr t
trt
*d>6:
Making known a problem involving the speaker and asking for help from the
listener
+ fi in, ifi l rE }tl f lt tat* fruEEE, + rrl r.,i ifr /l * Et .
-r("f ,r' ,/- L<.TlI D
irl l:o)
F",ttWt L /:1"t3-ir.
ta
t7 3 > hsfi/h'tsr, ) fu r-q-iJ.
ai)
v.f irffd.r_<,A r("f f, t'"
HA*r-2t,/r,,L("f [i D.
E L t h,LtJ +r /vlir,r L
H ( Al; Hffr-f 6F"lEEtf;n 6t 6 :
Making known a problem involving the listener
Efrsfitfr^HtttatFlfrlilW
-I. -(r.,*tl,/-<AX
}j
,,2h*, iEtr*Lf:J.
bt
i,3. H?r-(,.*TI.
t)
h,llL4rffir,<(,*d-I.
3 < iri.
EEil{4i,-lt,.( 5 }.
3 Lt Lt 6i ('
H ( AO.T,JVT+LfrZ :
Olfering ofhelp to the listener
frlffiifr,^.HiE*+El+ff Hl
-*L X)h',/-jir,. -*.TtJ,/- * -{. I
< 2li
*,f6r,,*Lrit..
r,r, L i lta
*hfii.Eig'i i,"
{,
ait. t$:(,rF *?. ?a.
i'fc ) t-LI
H{,trl , -*Al:f D *f }.
'{LLl,di
ffiB3
j;l3l,rtr&)f.J,i lt b 3 lL. b /si' 6rt li6
itjE=-#EEt t
"*iAXffi 2,( ( # 3 v,. s 2o/#-nfrl)+i. 6ffi 6 I ,) 6 o X |'t;e-L<" ( /a 3
1r. {r}
{1)
t23
(z) t23 t23 t 2 3
123 0) 123 | 2 3
(4)
(3)
(8)
I 2 3
(5) (6)
3 F"ImA*EB t6 . ilLJt#t,H6*rE[.)iH?. 6 --@

Uliil,rtrOl,.Jjl, i1!l
{riilE-#EE5tCI{ru
u:i0lw tuf .
#rH0)fiu
,trLf, Ll Djl,(, E3 h,Z
Allrixr, o) )'.k D atlhJit:ld D * g-"
5 3 Lrilt
t;Iat$<hLL * 3-.
,'LrL+ /..rt ljjl/. 33 n'Z
*&<" ix i' o )'.h:1rn x D fit;ttlf, D x T"
)/t i*
EIE?l-t#r L /:.
L L l:ttl
tlh'o )o a t, t: L q *. f ,, tiu^s*L*-q-.
Lt t"
(Jfi'O 0/) i L&fr*T xl"*,*1 +l ?-
.,t E L
Ert,o) t,a),.t:. x/: i Latrn6ri*g-" :j.etL ( fiat""
ri/wt[] L. * it/; 3
fir+_t:+rt' 6;+ri 6h'D, ,,m x * j-" *sB+F.q. il) D *-f h'. ,/
l*
+. t,x-.>Lk4f vr1"f1..
t.dri!- L.4rt,
fiaE.t:.Hftn L /: t,r("f "
L.t,,t,
HH,J6 A L.ETh:"
ilj.lJ a.LL t-2L/-
9.llO );:Hflfi L /:.,r i Lh b D * f. i i,ilr.)/.tr)lv<",.rJ"
ij tr arl U,3 t)
*;tr;6i: ts -t t: )yl:L ;: D l:Ar,, * L /:. -' .. 5. +- I 4 J, l^ + -l-
-i,cr/_L
(dt,/x9o
:iri 3 ar: bn'
'ffi**oAtEIldl*f" ii'l' P
fitSl:.
3?( 3'-i-
D, a*ii,[7 ( /d31,.
3r( it lsO o l!o) tl
*i8 3 Lt.fu,+,)JPBf.AWltHtb *-f "
(6 F>
*iEi.Aah'D)h,"
t/wi{t D "i/w *
Fx#htfr 'n e t+-: ( t, * L /':
"
*
*;f$/ctL*L/c.
trr itrL b La bh'
i iti.6Er,,FfiAb/sr,A t EtJ?r* g-"
l:l.d 3
l.zuii.t.
D"r:i r. L: t
fr?<iit:ir( Ar:Ar,* L /:.
3
fiFtt">lf -C
"
,liilirirdrLril.i t,)llL
< { iE-EH,EE{ t tIH >
TL L LOi
ftR?8 4
L],i:irt?Drs../w tJ2 b *
{liiX,#,EEA L /frifr t ffi I, ( (
,/i
r'. a{i)
(i)
(5)
123 (2)
(6)
t23
112
LLJ
tL2 b /ti, trL Za
ll3v.. 32o*1fio+h,rrffib *r,,,6ot t-,]Ei? ( /ja
r23
123 t23 r23
@)
(3) 2
I a
.)
C@- Hz6,5rfffi rI r#EE*IEr a7+)tE+,3;
0) (8)
A

BtiiEX,F"qH 6
A V.{4, g tt ts/u !i) /Jrl
itF,tshlltrH.ffrtHt,,< ( fl3,,.. &D 5 L (--) at l*{4tEt,,*fi." 1i,6 SO4
tr:l a.l t
i'6. ffi{:}r,r$ott--;ZrrL? ( /dFv'.
2
.)
.)
I 2 .1
4 6td?tlF,t.)iH?-.5 --@)

6,uwttzriTlrLB /eV.& i
r=:EffrfrLn6
Lr6lv lla a ( Lr 6ir Atii Jli
=
6a b at I,t i,,irr
HFfi. +Ef;. l&frR. br,,J:/s Dctfsv,XAmr,ftih. g-Cl: Zttr,t6aEzfiXZz*.T"
After you have lislened to the short sentences consisting ofquestions, repofi statements, requests or greetings, you should think im-
mediately of the $,ay of answering them in a suitable manner.
[IV,+M H * Jih tt - f #2r1ts rbt . itfE . iF * 4 E4 tr BlxB tr, *iF +Rffi +EEJ t1 6fr1i+,B- E F! E 6.
,ill, Jl,/w 3
fsuta6P"1l
tl"/c ( L 3
3 ?oEtRE{6-lq1(
a;-- --;;---1
- I HZ€8,3i ]
EL
OHEHYA af,4 / |
l'i A 6ab }]itll, 4Ea L-
t fitlofillFLt'r#tE/).t.ilffijf 6
iJfi a (,*,dL 9,i,, r,.
2 trtk#o#rtrr:ilHf 6
,'rl i, 2h' ur)tfL tr,l.fL iDa t
s Ad'f ({fr.bn 6 RIHP br" , 5 :oE r?l:i e .a:t a
i'&rir.(8 :/. h't "bsi u,
4 Ffif*frlzr6 i E l: i+,a-f 6
l. Pay attention to the expression that indicates who perlorms the action.
2. Pay attention to expressions that indicate honorifics.
3. Pay attention to expressions that are used in colloquial language and expressions for greeting.
4. Pay attention to rvays of answering in an indirect manner.
1ir.*H3l-yfr ft lEfl-drlF
2 ittrtri**Brrt
3 ii.e." s i**tsr{fn+HHig
4 il*,e:rltf fEJ+*EtsifrFf*zrmi treX
.r -E i{ [ r-dlBtrtr- 0)7+)tZ+,3'

r
i-o
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d'.)
])
l')
!q r.l O
(fl3t.
,--
/a
.l' 3
@ #{fr,'l:-tstg *ft'. /fiffrEl:/a D *tll"r'.
*
@ Bt+t, (/jEt,t" /t3f ii(/d3t,.
.x i'z
@ B--frA.<*rfi'" ,ltiB D ("f i,"
. lond
@ X6ia*'rrt'" ,/#,ffi4i'1* L/ci,"
i' ,, Lit 3 Lit
@ ffur(t,./:/jtl*tl"r." (B ( A:ffi ( )
(Humbleexpressions) (Ei*i#)
'-(6)lla
. ,-(t,,/:fl (
il/6 L[t lJdui, a
;=fi9 nlf 6 (-iffi-n*;B)
r+r . -'
It:4) ffiE
lll. a .h' ,'r,r ,r lJr a 1,. 4 Dt 3 6'ii t.
trkiqxffr.i a;firl*. dti*a;Hffi LtitLagitFi.i:i*H L * 3-.
In conversalion using honorifics you should pay attention to the meaning ofhonoriflcs and to who performs the action
trlLl.<ts i,i:t>
l-frkFliraV)
* ot Z,LiJi- a
ffi ( rJj- 6 (HB{;E) (Respecttul expressions) (€,ftig)
fH++l
rH-*t
fH-*+l
Et L -'-_'] d ',r-.
#lEri"]++ f6 @ t;++r,L*Lri. /?:iELL*-d-.
- (3) r<r,./cfi ( @ ifxor<v./c/d Ir *.r!Lh'. (ifuX:i-frtl
1 ti.tLa#r1+.rt-)+H?5 --@

l#ErsVt)
96 /rEt.,.*?- t,r/c L * f
, a r6->L+v,*f
*il/r("ii tt0 *-f
ri D *f
h<
Tt ( ,z*6 * v, D *.-r,/ j f:fl,r s -{-
Efl(
ts
(BEflE tcfsv) *f) j7)rf;t,r$-f
e)
H,A -'H i: rs D *t i*r,iJ,
++E,LXf
L
=")
*j: L+t"*9-
6i i)
+Ltil*3.
ta
A, 5 ,/tsR{}
bF,
ELt.ir0*--r
v./c/dE *tr
66i
L
(#mDi:/sDg3- re D)
<tu6 . b$A ( AAv,*? 3 L6LI*T
L
kl-><ur Z
<tu
aFu^ rf ?4,
6D<v.*f
A' (*;Av,i:/a Q g i;
d)
*; Eli:i,i'D X f
(:i?elr n:! t2 :3 Ei {rn L ,rt, t,$t tt
T s rr A ifi <' t t R o I i rr FE Fd ;A r VE ?, tL 6 7) ? i*,e.* L * f .
Be careful as the following interrogative words may be used in polite conversation.
AL & iE {+ P! A ifi + Ff & E E! 4E I
El {t id & A A Ff 6 IEI . i6 i}.e.* .
Et,6h'6(:&':i'6)
c*
Vtl>-> L+trr* L/ci,.
&l,DL.8 * tsLL/u
.lnt&ffi(:{4 ) ("fi'"
@ffiffir -A
w(@
(1)(a
(3) ( a
(5) ( a
0l ( a
(9) ( a
. DE 6ffi/ D/e/c (:fdi.L) r L & i i..
EL g r,1,D Zr.
lAfHv'<. r,.,,.8#aEZ"r ( /jA ,,. ffi
b
b
b
b
b
b
c)
c)
c)
c)
c)
c)
(2) ( a
(4) ( a
(6) ( a
(8) ( a
00)(a
b
b
b
b
b
c)
c)
c)
c)
c)
@- trEFrE rr rEEffitrfi€r a^ill,t+Bi

-a
r6t)N
Ug F'1E-ZPTI*IE,
E? 6 i 'c 0*iillw ar4+( & ui E i,dij
ffivr'trF LH/r Do*rEi*. Xflffii:Abt(. fld.Lofu(Fh,t4Z*-f "
In the case of expressions denoting invitation or offering, you should consider who performs the action according to the context.
i!::i;6*r.1T1t::::::1::::r:i
:::r:#E::.il:::a:
:.:iF+itr:ti:tir,]:,,::;::::t::,r:
:':*ffiffi:,:::::ii:i:::
-*L*i
-(I) i
+LH
offer H iE
Bt I-It
;-fiTArrr 5 ?tr'r
B : BBErzrL*r.
<2fi
A:t6v,*L*i.
E Z <bA,
ffit,.'ffi#
invitation, suggestion BiE. ei!
!rrLr
-t#tt-f 6
A
B
!1
?Z?4T:Z)"
aL. ZaLXa"
-*Lrii.
- (r) , r,
6' 'c
+LH
offer FiE*
l*/i t) I
ffi?. NJT 6
{,
A:{$6*L*it,.
B : Tb.*ttu.
ffit,, 'iE*
invitation, suggestion j&iF. eiy
!rL&
.rffi|.-r A
n'Z
A:,)fr4)h'"
h'z
B : i L.,ifrZi"
- * tfut'
-/JVr ?
tf
Hto
recommendation XhE
3 Lrt
Efl ( rr9 6
l*, dj,
A | ##L *tll"t'"
,1,/w l*'
B: iir.,). /rE+Fry*-f "
3? <bL
#v, .ffi*
invitation, suggestion BiF. eiy
LrrL&
{,fLt- + 2
.tfrrt- 9 6
Lr( D
A : ASLter,, ?
B:1L. <aLXa"
%ffiWr -B
12ffir,r(.
W ( a
(1)( a
(3) ( a
(5) ( a
0) ( a
r.,r,,ffi#aELr ( 73E r,,"
@)
b)
b)
b)
b)
(2) ( a
(4) ( a
(6) ( a
(8) (a
b)
b)
b)
b)
1 titLo)ilrc75'r-)iHg-6 --G)

@ H#rx <ffinnaxiil
a'1. b Llirlr( n, Lij illiild .t, ,'li r.
A;fr<"1*. 'ts'BFA D. #( t F t i*l€,#rtrtlfr.i t thbao("i*,e'*L *3."
ln conversation you need to be carelul because the expressions used may be different from q,ritten language and may contain abbre-
r iations, for example.
Aifr+a nIBEIEHTIEJT+EiEffi*itnfr , fi.+HAW, ffi4iIB."
$ t)1,11,
tlE
LliDPi i,i:5 rr 4
€Ef,dft/euffi . Hm
t1lSl"
tr|Ix
a(
-/J zr("
-((fl3t,,
-&zr(" ( /jE r,,,
LbL
t, x -:> t. ffi. E^x: <.
h. <tL. frfi,f /s,':<""
-t-6 (€^ )) ? -t:6 D, (" 3-i.
ttril 3
It*.t:ffitzr( /tf:6 ?
-&,. t -/JIr | ,r [//4lr
/:!r^/w it+ t
il). )aA" F ( fTi. /r t, , t "
-O? -AA'th'./- L<-{h' /{-7 4 *. flrt'ts;tO?
,'I i i.
-/j,r k 1[:,/-tl:-
-iii.L((/i.3v,
-/Jt,jit:L((/jJr.,
h,a {,
.ofifftt30(( 6Iic:.
L lj/. J5 (
,{,$ft/:'r'6 . .Ed-L?- t: tl."
- (Lti.) oa.
L]
- tE:(,r/e
n'b6 t .
lll 65 /-, ,K/rt,, Ltioa. "
? (
-t!aolt
lf!i 5'i
E:E: (. D LtsKtr'*Y ?
-ti,-ti, -&,'/J D
t'1" U ilt, .' fii,
i*+ L h'trrt;=E t i,irFE L t,,"
P6 -1- 2
9rJ *ri*Di.{t+sar}.
/6l"3 u.
1E.]Ifr
/: z'i <, L
^Hl]E.
t,, ( -r ?
,41 -r b<
le L'(Ettf: LTT h'.
-:,-
1El
-(
lf, /u
lrl L
laL L
3 : F{pl<E'>tca ?
@r*:e2- A
-i..- _-< ^,/w
u z6
:12;igr,,(. r,1,,#+aELr ( 73.A ,,,. @
a
et
AI
b)
b)
b)
b)
(2) (
(5) (
(8) (
a
a
a
a'
a.
a.
I
I
b)
b)
b)
(3) (
(6) (
(e) (
b)
b)
b)
=
:€-{ [I -!]ffi[6. A7+)t2+,3

trp ;**:fc$Zfi
i*l-) 6..,d /ct- itc h'tz 3 J]L b@, !
fr v r 3 -r /J D. ifr h aXr,:*{ L < E Zf ir/.. L r /c , r i* * : :c t, r 5 x il i},a* L * ,-.
Be sure to note that in some phrases such as greetings the form ofthe answer to the phrase spoken first is more or less a standard
phrase.
+tr HLt+iE H' H nEG ffitrt N.Bi'fr , ffi 4iIH.
tLLLoi
fHB2_B
s.L ts ^rD zr,
X&Eflv,<. t,)t.)ESArEl"1l. ( +j
(
(
3rrt. &
(1)(a
(4) ( a
b)
b)
(2)
(5)
a. b)
a. b)
(3) ( a b)
i;Uri$:::,::r)::;Sr1;l:.::.,rtb!
€q$a'.#|t
E E LrarL.
t;fttcthLL * 9-. *iEtuffi('L /:.
L,iL!
'f b-*.itL. ,/XiLL * L/c. !.u)io ,/€^ar.,ftL*L<"
,r6-rLF17.. Bu^+*L*T"
fiDe*L*L/c. */cl'6U< (/aB," /
*/ct.,6->L q,:( ( /jEt,,"
ae>L ( /dE v." iir,). t'E 6ffi("f b'" ./ D/s/:('Ti'.
fjffirfi. il>o *Th'. ,/
vr*
+. t, Ji.) t X4Lr,r:e.fi,.
le /u
ez. {4rLrii'.
tf/- z
*;7ifr<"f i,. i i. Bi,il8 * <""
ti tr)
FffiEfii:/s D * L/c" rrzri. ab 6 aZ "
Di ?fii'i, ( fd3u,. z/*i,l.D ( /..At,..
IJ)tL
^+LL*f"
Ea? 3'l&: ( D. b0rt t i a3",,*f.
#iEli.Ait.Dih'",/
:-L-r6!rlr7)r("-f7)r"
ei?#r,*r,r/r<",/
.,r/c/j3*f"
2 *-#T&< lfibna*.r.ff,t )iHg6 --@

@ r:
tjl'ii
-t- .
x
t-cltL :Z LL' -/. ll ,,.r"tr(E at tB
HEiFffi L : i: If L < . E Zt l* -> 3 D E?, /r t, rFfi f* fr r,:.6 a 6 . L h b D * T . < aE+
ar. ;/! i*U Jln /jtAi i,rtJr,- ,j,rij
t*. EZo.hrhe>oLofi5 t Do I i l:9.16 L(v, 6h'LZ Z*.T.
Sometimes questions and invitations may be answered in an indirect manner by giving a vague reply. You should focus attention on
hou,the phrase given in ansrver relates to the content ofthe phrase spoken first.
l{tE lbl 4 BiE, A Bf A * H l'Hl E m E 6 f { . rtt +'HiX. T, *i).Hh tfi irts E Ffr t BillWF^ A y.
a oA. --,fr,t: z
T;LLZ }
(t)HE ? a tatr. (O) (ffi{r)
n,l, D tuli &
(z)i$+rrfff L ! . r]. (o) (#i * /r r, , )
I,tlatr/. E ? &
(3) 1)EFfil:2. 3fl+ffiL("6I. (x)
u/' nbL4 I r, a ^rL)
r ( : oAi*) ffiA Z i /..r i, 6 < ffi{r ) t ,, i ffit+l: /r D . ES t:.ts. < r ) * 3-.
t*L h,,, t) h'/_ 1) i.it, J: r, a
^.d
l_)
i- J+
/s2 I r,)x g
"
Ln,h'/, g, & t*L D d, t< LlLeir'1" .F.
(3) t 1EFfil: Z. 3fl##il"r 6tWt JoLt t:r,)(("C*/r (. frlnot--rfr#B,['HAEZ<
^n lj
!:6 r)t. lr$l: ls D *.t L"
"b; i it, l . 6../w t:/i ^,4 D A/.
aoI i i.. ti*r,,r r!,L,ir AH+*Abler.A6. trLr,,ESOXl:/4 4 g*q-.
l.Thecomment (:OAiJ)fu1<,t([thisbook] seemstobeinteresting)l canbeinterpretedtomeanthatbecauseitlooks
interesting "I'll read it" - and so it can be a reply to the question "Will you read this book?".
2. The comment t(a7)+t*E+h:b";a) i+?t.r{tr1-1r ([this book contains a lot of Chinese characters (kanji) and] the many
kanjis make the reading difficult)t can be interpreted to mean "I n'on't read it and so it can be a reply to the question "Will you
read this book'1".
3. The comment I )EFfit: 2. 3 fll-iftL(" r,r 6 (I read tu,o or three books a iveek)] does not refer to t; c){ (his [specific]
book) I but rel'ers to her reading habit, and so it cannot be a reply to the question "Will you read this book'J".
ln this manner, even phrases that do not directly say 11 t, r (yes).-1 or L r L r i (no)-1 can become true statements in reply.
(1) "( : 0)4t*)ttufr< a /:. (B+fl{u+}i18..c,*,H,8!)", i{,Enin,ifrl"WA" , trJt)lffiTD6.
(2)"(:o4i*i++rJ6:()i*?nr*ELr,(ts4fl#[Eit?, rn?iRlE)", iH,Enifi,ifi,^'"6a", L'Jt]lHtDts"
( 3 ) " 1,EFfi i. 2 . 3 flr1ffi L r a ( *,E rd6 W5I]
=+fl ) " +lEfiiil4fl Effi lBts, frift.it 4E d ffi ii(fl z,ffi , Brtr
lv.t!T.fr2flirFt| t-8.
fr l--El[-, ElriHtrita{f;.H"i}t,(ts)". "t,,t,,,i-(Zi)"F!lB]{*86, tEnl'D{H+Ets"
(t)
(2
=-=t= [ rE!!*lfrHr a7+)tt+,3
a

_ ai(r.(8 ^12
D aI rL{E ^1" D )b, 6loi !'
* /c. r 1, r 17, f .L i* H EE! /* ES l: 6 . AEE! /s ES i: $ lfr.b tL 6a; (if ,a* L * T"
You should also be mindful of the fact that r 1 : 1 r j (al1 right)l can be used both in affirmative and negative answers.
jlllF, "r,,v, I " ffiEJUH+€8tr6, eEUffiT6EFt6, ffiqBIEitH.
@ Y,Vt.->L*6:(&"
it a laL
$ : r,,r,,, 3" ( 1 ) {EJ9'fLiJ'r,,,r,r ?
B,nt ab$ E
@ *: LHffi(r.,,: tcb ?
3{r
trl.
lNr
tu.
Frlz
%ffi#s
dra
xtHt"<.
(1)(a
(3) ( a
(5) (a
0) (a
(e) ( a
^rD Zb
3lrr.
a
a
a
a
a
S: tzrt,,3" (l) Zfulri:K( /slzrfrf .
ai ltL $t 6 l. ai -r!(E r,1, D -C. fi ! 4
?tttA+o#at.l,.(frv. * T" . ?ai*H'EH!rsES:e.. r+E i I t v, i,E*ffirr.
aa ltA, iit 3 r.r rL'cE ^,1, D ts r,.
<'ttth.+CIEAT|,l* 9-. . i,LiiAEP!/rESr r#i( v)r,A ( < 6 !,,r1 t v, i H.
4
ffirc'r.
In example 1, the last sound (syllable) of the answer is pronounced with a rising intonation. This makes the reply an affirmative one,
meaning r*6 i (Yes, I'll help [you].)1.
In example 2, the last sound (syllable) ofthe answer is pronounced with a falling intonation. This makes the reply a negative one,
meaning rE< L ) i, t ( ( 6 t,, V. (I don't have to put on a coat.).] .
FrlrfrWBtrtB+iE, *zrHEE€, Bp " +E a (ffiE)".
ffil2trMBillEf€iE, *,tri6EEB, Ep"E(v,r'is ( ( 6 r,,v' (T'H+)" "
tsf,ri'#F"qH ffi
d,E
XfXaffivr( ( /c'3t,.. Ztth,6.
*t otY2 z 6 L<' ( /i'3 t""
b)
b)
b)
b)
b)
ts /*i' 6rl
Z A.:Ls^ 2ffiu,r(. | rt, 6 3 f)Fi'6. ffi 6 & r,,
.b)
.b)
.b)
.b)
.b)
(2)
(4)
(6)
(8)
(10)
]-
IC
(
(
(
(
(
(r) I 2 3 I 2
.)
.)
t 2
.)
.)
(3)
(2)
3 F=:EH!/a6 Zfi L.lE,Hi A --@

6fuljt riTvrLE /Jfr& i
FfiEMfrLA6
i /: zr)
5Hi_68,3i
iitl t6t L D (tr6d 3 t DrL.
* t * D aba",frrt' 6{&*Ee+Hfr. fE#/e DAHFHI D. l ?-Li'r,t a,3 : LtfHWL
c!Lt:1 L 6 U .i 6.4,iar,ri, L tr/.., a llal E
* r " E+EE{ i*X+ * /c iJ fiA<"FfiEHfiE l: rFffi[ A ?t( v, 6 0 <. Z lrt F,rs hr 6 ;-6 A H 8 *
+
q
The problem is to listen carefully and pick up the requests, instructions and suggestions ofa coherent conversation or spoken state-
ment and to comprehend what should be done next. On the problem sheet, the choices are shorvn in written form or as illustrations.
While looking at these, listen to what is being said.
tu+W e + h #, - f{ iE, il,a* 4 f * z; iF :& . +E zr .,+ iI 4 ^H'ft
h! 6r +, +ffi * l&.8 # rE tt A " ft rAA H t ? i+
rn eI 6 tii ffi tr, EE'fitnl 44i{ l5 flff l- 6fr lfr h! {+ i{ BX 4 ffi l3l .
l:itiitrdtr"A,d 1-.{LAL 3
lt,E,-#HEx L HF'1XU Fq: <
6rALiA i L It.4,i: ( L
-, F"lEEffi fift [r 6 6:E]RE{t.
3l
offi5By) ottr,4 > |
a*-i*-,1
1t
L q6^€i-.&Yfr5Hq5
L D <,bL l:t' t'j l- i,,iti
2 fHziPfE#i:tf L ( lEl,e'* L ( v. 6h' D a h'&4 Z A
3 j-6^F. trrr ' (-:th'friaikhr*. zo'fi<WYra. L{426
1. Listen for what has to be done.
2. Consider u,hether or not the instruction or suggestion is assented to.
3. When there are many things that should be done, consider u,hich takes precedence among them.
1 mi6€ffi8{&ffi,SrIfi6
2 fll Ef iH, ifr ,^.,BE lE.e.-iZfH' zi 4 ig].{
3 {uR;+g{&ff, +tlH 4$, ffi trir.{,trf*ft 4A F!
6 ) -trHF'1X€ Fq: <
=-=-=
V :1i=EIEEar A7*)l,tY,3i

?.6,E a tr.6 Li.r/rr,,ori{,a:L *r-"
Be mindful olthe lact that when there are expressions indicating a request or inshrrction, suggestion or ofler in someone's utterance
(see pages 23,27 and 33), they may imply that some action should be done.
EH +tziiF>F. +Hzr. ,gi{. HiF-&F!t*f *.Ge++,23.27.33fr.) Fiit*B!Ai-,lEi*zr8!E.trJFEBtEffiP-'ffiE!S
rfr, ffiwt&^w6,.
. m*F. +Hd i Request/Instruction tzri€*eIfEzrElt*ifr
b7. 6 a bi,
( H t,, Z" fi V f^,/ -f b. *. t L ff ,/ F L -rR /r . ) l" <" f ir)
-'e ,/--c ( fi,rru],? ,/--e/,/:/JlI*.-rh,,/-< 6 b L6 ?
<r6L
, +ftX I Suggestion *,,rrl3i!h!t*i-fr
-'Cll.t:6,/-fcbDa
EA <,'b/u
. #t,, . WR I Invitation/Suggestion tzrfliff. i+i{Bltjtrfr
-*L Xih,,/-*1lfui,
6i (.
. HLH : ofrer +ziHie*Flt*trrt
-* L X I h,,/-'e*j a i h,./-*-f I
az ,Jt,tfL Lrl Di l- lir..tft a/. !'i l- L]irJ',t. Clt
LoX i /rtlEl;if L<lEHg a#rilzc*i_(r,ntJ'f 6^8. t. IBHL/rv.*rEr62
(t.i'tij'Lfr ( ( 6 ,)L): t il/a 4 gg.
When you reply by using an expression that signifies consent to something then you should do this something. When you reply with
an expression signilying that you do not consent then you need not do it.
xi{EHrt$t*}r{ffi8+n'rEf4+Ir+{tffiT#z;ld.e.-h!*tril, ,ltJt$**nfrEf H&ff Ai-"lFf *^hlBt
,E ffi g ffi ffi S lI ; i[ R iE ffi f # z; 6 tr .u- 4 1E € B! tB, fr , Y.tl *^ ir,il id Ffr t irr B'J S rf 6 ffi *{tr "
gi l,l
H:+2
ItrJ,B 9 6
Di r..
lB.Hl,,hut
a L,/,,)b.,/ Z a fifa,/ !. 4 L <,/
,lari Lc)
b h' -:t t:,/ l; EHv.,/ *H{t t)
a * L,/ < ) h'/s,/ Z t.t*t, x o L,/
< tLtJ. D ) h,/s,/ Zo * * (i. L ()
I t6^ia-L&.226-@

*/c. DJ,Ta#.r86. fa-F. t afrxftaitrri'D rf" :-tt6i*. r6-8.
lj ;'e <l]i>& r, irl, Lr ,r' 6r .( Ll
, L ) < fr tlh' r,ffi#L tc D H-8, t E : tc D T 6 L 3 t: 6 fFr, ) * f . * fc. ffi * oE o tc
Di t,. 2h'
i. lEH-4. A,/ L/rr,, t E i: 6{Ev, * f"
Moreover, the expressions below are going to be hints to identiff the actions that should be done. These expressions can be used
both when you yourself suggest something and state an opinion and also when you assent/do not assent to what the other person has
said.
fjffiD,f&srIEf , 4H,[.Tr[+B]rt. Brlq+itfrtffi4uET€HEdFleiy4+tsEdB!t[,F., &,EIUET
Exii*zrEHEItrxt.
" E : | : - /4 3 *,/ - ts ( t, *,/ -ts V, L,/ -hsp a Zff'fr,/ -tcf f j fr! r , r
( <bzrzri t : -(l*) L.,',/rAb,,su'./XY*,r-r*( (6r,'v,
6 i _( ilra,/6 i _( ,a./ rwfiza: F) _/c
{flJffi]-1
i'r.. ,, ts
ti:
',
@
'9e-
'L/r
AE=fiaEf,u,< (
(1) ( :trs
h,z
(2) ( Ef
trlJ r.I t
e3 v,. kaLl*.ztth,r>
i*a
' lEix'/r v, )
n',.
Ei /sr,, )
t'i L*fr'. ffi
@- tr#Erffi rv r#Erffir a^+)ta+B

$fltrlEi$/su' (2)'8-r
*i,i,ld Lrt lla 6i 'e' 61. alt
(t)4oxtrr:tr2"r*s ( ( )r : Lt+ LH* L/ctr. H0))',tJ.t ztLt*t,,t,,I1. :* D. L
i
/r ( (6V,t,, LE->(V.*T"
tz)rffia/s2, tr fJi?,Li' bTa B: tt#tE1frc. Ha;it*Z{ttcH.e.:L(r,,*f.
(1)Aithoughthewomanoffershelpsaying r)El"fti (( ) (lshall Ilcarryitforyou)t,themansays rZil-i*l,rt' j (that'sOK)t,
meaning "I can do without (your help)".
(2) The phrase r)E 3 & L ) t (you must retum [it])1 is an expression indicating something the woman has to do soon and she agrees
to do it.
(1)Aifi+mnt++ziH4ffiE"7trl"rfi( ( )(ffi)",'fEEH+ffi"<{Ltt r,),)} (6Ef )"*t;T+trfr',trr}t"ffi"
B+iJttFT.R+ffi*{&ffiS4.
(2) "Ea /sv, L G*rrh^x)" # "fi(fi)" trtdltFilrzir.lff.., k+tit+zrlEjH, trftEfrmE! "tr (fl)" ill,,)rlFB
TffiryMffi+Ifr"
7,2't)l,l
i:..,-,:I .*rU, ,
,f .:', .1.: ;. ::: ' ''
i,&*,,& i t>, liti&6'a,yf;.,- 5,,*r"
b,,,.'?,t:rtr*Ur]/ ) }'.'
a f)'4. & LftiB8 &l,r t",.,',
i Ar- tl*'r,ft" , ,,,
(.1),., f
.,:l:1. 6i;
H
7J
I :., *L;
tA',":',,,, H,
r r', r t,:i$l''ih
,; '"k
l%W#t-t
H#,tffir,. ( r.'a r,.
nfrrtt*.:nh,b
D a L *-d-r,. 6)
(r)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
xtu6
ifi' 6
i'l: i
trttY A
fuA' r, <
€,fr6.-r a
{,
{$:(L'(
.Lti-/rv, )
if-i/svr )
h,L C
rt'$l,l/at,' )
tL/w r, <
)Bf6L /rt,r )
6
t*->-C , rf>/g ! r )
I g6^szLtZZA--@

9-6-iBi.D ih'r,:.rL)<i='nt#i t *. r-l,DF/rv, ? t{&.i: t116 g *r.
*i6 tr a uliilt D "d,L -(bA, ,loi L. 6i.
:trLi* r-rj tHi r t r,, i HDt<.f" :oXrB,6. HTih'a+e4t+i#maf a L A+. fii
*adotcJ- L tllElc.*f A,/HH.L/rr,, t E i:{Ev, *f" la;fr&bq a4 > | +-! a y a(.
F=t'tir*f.
The phrase r-lu D & /J u ) ? (doesn't it?)1 is used for stating an opinion, meaning "I believe so". This expression can be used both
when you yourself suggest something and state an opinion and also when you assent/do not assent to what the other person has said.
Be sure to pay attention to the intonation at the end ofthe phrase.
ffi"tr6D* ('f&++)"mHlSH[,ffi, &.ff4&H "-LD +/rr., ? " , E*rr"*.i h-" " EffiE]UHT+EfiE
dE'!el.y. tEEEfia, d4uETEx{f*mlEl.e.*4trxf, ffiftJizttstrrtEt, 8tr.e.*tsEtrFlE1tiEtrtr[fiE.
A
B
A
B
A
B
FE*. f$": ( l, I : tcll. ) fll, r 1, :fr14"
u) x5 tj2 t.i i".6
DlEfs r, ) fu U^ F /r t,, ? e,Z,W('i* /s r,, t ,H i )
: i'1. il> o t, iaf$-l ( vr i i i,.
F
ffiri: t u r:Clzr!)fu0 q,/41r75,74"
bt
* I v l- . Hi'Lr 6 LU, *tsv>a ?
t*.LLa {,
AE/d" f*:(r,ri,trE F"
t^ *j6
1:ffir.r( *j , r( rr, tr, t E i )
bt E+)
(:Hil-<1,,6 t,H,i)
@
@
fiffi1 - 2
'*itt6r,,( ( rj a t," Ho>Kt*. :nh, r, z^ i L * -fr," {s
(t)
(2)
*+<
( A,$tJ-f a
-e/w b
I *=a.a- 2
Etr/Eh Y A
*s<
' ifr! L /rv,
-eL *)
' EffiL/rv,
@-.rEErffi rv r=iRfeffir a++l t+B

t, r,
ijEblrt,r )
6l,l'/rv. )
:Eif tst,, )
ffibtsvt )
-tl,l/rVr )
a
6
ffia
t>tl
rEs
a?
ffia
.;V
SflrrH'ffi L rru, tztdars-r a
srt LrL i.6 i At. Lrt t"i t.
(l)kALt*. tL/r ( (6,r,r.] tEi L3o<. Ha)x.i;lEl,c,*L(t.,,*tifu"
*ira oL F6 t SL; Lit Di u.
(Z)J(Ol't*t Z a Ltct*i f]!:!,1 tEi LEo<_ H7)Li:lELe.*L(,r*T"
l.Thewomansaysshebelieves rLtf ( (6!)V) (it'snotnecessarytobedone.)1 andthismeansthatshedoesnotagreewiththeman.
2.ThewomansaysshebelievesrZiLfct*ir]f)L)(it'sbettertodothat.)1 andthismeansthatsheagrees.
( 1 ) i+{EH T' L /r ( ( 6 v, ! : (Tl/.")", *^{0T IFl.c,* E :l ff!l4,,F..
(2) * +I*.HT " Z a L /. i* i ir. ! ) ! ) ( ilt+t& tb&ffi ) ", tzr{t lil H E* F!r[.S..
7ru7 |
til; X {5<
(l),,,.,,,'lB,,:,lf*i.L,:C.'*i B $ | $,i S'o:,,'.,,,r,''
,,.,,,.,,,S, :i lL''$, 1.,{,.[, r,
"1rr'.,,i,,U,
*,&, ! r$16;,,,,,,,,,: .,,,
i2I, ',,
, s, .':,,'.,SI.# $'&}i ,$ ffiffi ! , lr ,r:(.: ,?:::,r::: i:: :
' i::, :'.i:.'::::'.. .:.,,,:,.,:.:,::, :,,:,:rr.:,,.:t :..1
l:.:l:::,. *i&rj ,: :. ,. ::i i:, ,: :,.,,'
@ffi81-z
'Aiatfrr,< ( t's v,"'Ho>T.i* : ?rr' 6 a a L * -fr'. fi
(1) .tLt (
(2) 4-rr4t(
(3) Dti,i: (
E ti
@) {affie Lt (
(b) a73>b(
@ z=vJr v7F"iffi rure t
'#afru.< . Effir*zLL<&l r{),)t t.ffin< ( r:.a r,."
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2 trer-
3 ,*tvL
4 9*tvL
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r q6^tzLEzz6--@

Eiln
_ n'A 'a,bL $1. Lrt ]ji L. L L& tii,t LiL Ei r..
r*i+r t v: i FKI:iiEo) ilElHL(,r *tfu" rBEn - i^r i: i*&oAfslEH U<
E&ra, BF .LL &-t tl
r.,,*tifu. r*41* ? t tv t *i#/.. ->fc.t0)?- +46 rlEIu^r t.-ra LEo(1,*Ttr. r*3
EP L
# X 0 i* : - L -ir,rU)l t E_2(r,r* f"
The man does not agree with tie woman's suggestion of r*i# (money)1. The woman does not agree with the rEIBi
- I.' lbook
token)l. Because he had said that r*$ti9 t tv t *j#t:/c (last year itwas a towel and tea)l she did at first say let,s have the
rlEu^ (same;.l alsothisyearbutchangedhermindsaying rfiAI D il:*L*iJt,rf r (coffeewouldbebetterthantea)t.
"*i+(&)"FtitrIE+rtElH,'x#r-r-^(trfiF)"8!ft4n+6tdH,a[EJuiEflFH.6T"rttvrri#(+
rfr fr+ ) " Yt frr/., EI t'ftfi ffi in " *+ ii I * tv L *i A /j : tc ( * 4 ft.A fi ffi #)", frll+ h fr,iil,+ +EI U4 B.fri *
+' ltr D (
- ffi ) ", {EtrEI +,rrift " BA } D i* : - L - rlL ) v, ( BJIHF tt*l+ ) ".
fl'$:4'f::,1
i
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i
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t
::ffi'g; |2 ,o'A**#&:e,*.#,;....:y. CI,H&,[e t]1,.i€=_fr.[,*,1:;.5i,,3:.;;,:,,, A::...8 €*[..&Zat
,ii L.::*]:-f'*r;.:,:a:",.:,..a.,, : :.:,:',,'::.:
* r:' 3 5, -','y,fis4}€,ffi:6p,ffi.;,'.Ef ,*,/s,*,#'a',t,:,@W*,,i, - -*.,r,,,$,$,fi :9,.:!
'4,;:b.:"::4gjfiIr[1i1r,1:f i;9,q,t;.rtr;,,6''f*
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',',
4.,fu,*:,*,-t,, ',EIB*:;,F'.)*i.m,.*,tCIff i:i;1,:lrr).i,&:'8,i,,,,..,,
g & {r,L E.t
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t $0) 0) $0)
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700 E
800 El
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@-ti=Ers rv

Nol,tl, $bb i,;,
t r S r? 6lrE#t t*f t
IEi:ilHL*j..
When you hear the question "What will you do first?" , pay attention to the expressions indicating "doing first" and "order of doing"
m + hl tr l,l B'! E l&+ fr iffi , fl U 4 i.Lc.- * x " & f6 M. lt A" & 4'ft * z-; {& S A /i B! + B, { .
3lL*
' ffiblll:-t 6: L : Doingfirst #I;Ritl&tttafi!*tsr-t
StrL*
Xf ,/ffiW../t* u^ D i:
t*F
' + ( ?' A a L ! Doingquickly *.*itlfr.fftafr*tsf=t
AE lr*
fi;r,c 7 1A <",/ -f (' i:/ft v'("
bL
' tk<'Y A a L I Doinglater #tsFlfr.lftatrt+*i-(
6L 3!.4 bL
tA-e,/ #1hl:. / - 13114(" ,, ,,
I Dl,ii,<,
. -f 6iilE# X-+Y I orderof doing *zr&/?ffi+Bf;t
F,L
1-2{L /dl. E li &1, 31.1-*
HFfi <" r * r {d A T b h' t t H !. < ,' 6 tEAtJ. rffitl i: -T 6 :
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t?4 , tt*t'th-Cffi D <E *fr t. tAti i* r+tr 0 *.-f t LE->(t,,* Tfi'b. :-otiA.
& J.lj tr6 L&1UL L Dr., DIo,4, r,r *;
-f <" &+L?_itr^ * f . rffi ffi I rpfir i* #fffi irfr< b'> -C v, * f "
Aftershehas saidthatshe rfA(ffiD (3 *r'(wil1 go laterto borrow)l r<4 ? 6n" microphones)l andthatshe r5F D *f
(wi1l now do)t r&tL (the aligning of the name cards)1, she will align them immediately after this. She is finishing the preparations
for the placement of the rffiffi (products)1 and rHfI (materiais)1.
"?4 , (*fr[t)"+ziln"&-effi D <F *9.(El**{ffEIX)", fri"6tL(€ff4)"*pE"+S D *f (g-1ffiffi)",
trrtr4 Uf{ Er+*T*q t4{& gl ft " AtLt fr.^ 6 (E€ ffi ) ". ET "ffi ffi (P ffi ) " fi "HFl ( Kfl )" ffi aWA* ,
trrLa[EJDlflFrh"
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6 ? ffi1.ffi^.<Bt,/ru, t.......
: .r,.*. , : :r .: : . ..t .Dt, . at a.*, ,., : .
&,. - t'leb6',fl)t., 4&,'h *,',' 4tl*27'tt, Hf+i,*$,4'* L &b:crt .l*ss,L t4,!,t
&ji., ..
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4 A-#oHf+tffa
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,, < i.r 6.i,/dh
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z til" h,
2 #+r_t#0 a
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3 L"i{ awtffitr a
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4 *thowffia-r a
(3) ffi I rTsYtina
2 )*lt.+14>-ra
3 :-L-P_,{LA
uz ttL & +<
4 E.'€Eo7#ttT A
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tr
t]( rli
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tr )i, ffi
tr
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tr
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tr 19n
@ *nEErffi rv riRffirffir o)7*)tty,3

irral,irl,LE /s!-&i
F,1EEfflfrL fi6
r;tl. 3 -C 3:a D tri 6<.(8 it/r < 3 {r L2$Ltl/,
* t * qaba-afrtffiu,(. HxsoiEH. EHlF;f;L+oi-.++6/re. iJDoi.HPfiX
LD E t
(.+HziSit/:,t-( Y l- Affi8E^XD *9-.
rtl"t( L IirE, iih'- 3 *i i Dr'/"
E+RE{iJEllffi[A ?a<t ,(. ;f;AH ( Btl:ffitup+FfirJ6 D * .1
"
The problem is to listen to a coherent conversation or spoken statement and to catch the points indicated at the beginning in the
question text, the reason for and the purpose olthe event and the feelings ofthe speakers.
The choices are printed and before listening to the conversation there will be time lor reading them.
IL+EEE+fc,h*' -,llEl,l, *tr/th#'-ftifr. *i,EiiHElEhl+B!4,F.tfA, EFltrtr. HB!trEififi;lBlAtr,
rfr Wtr'tl'l t** *'H.H. tE +H.H. "
6rfl*i L jil".t ( L t
--) FfiEffi#ft t; 65iE+Efl{E#A
., )a V.6A,.AL 3
5 --trHzuTXEFq: <
at
oHSHxqaf'4>l
ri.l"i;( L *l/6 a: il' r 5. s-d t < "r,!j t. 3
1 E+Rffit l-EL*=HnrH< ( 6*FAl:t$iriE,a*L(H (
il: Jl, Lr :i(lr(B a) (Lr<3 ijl"ii
2 EZ 6X("Et,./: ,r i t (HEB!i,6EE!t.) tZ zA
.1, A' A,ua tEi ,
3 Er['[E+Rl:ig,=.*ra
1. Listen carefully particularly for the part where a word that is the same as in the choices is used.
2. Consider what the speaker wants to say in reply (affirmative or negative).
3. Pay attention to additional information.
1 $TE E +BH r5ltU++HtEJ B!*6nfr B!h64++nIJHH
3 *9,1.ffituH.H.
illi:iitrdrri, u2{Li,A, E
ltifi,-#EE* L HF":XU FHT <
{tl"t( L c/. zr)
--) rEBlFfiizS' 562€i-E,3i
F,3EEfirfi886 --@

tLfcl L & irlrL 3 litL /tl' t!l"tc L a/a :: id tira u. 4 a l
iE+LE{A } ( ffil"rh,r,ifrtH5 * T. 1fra#i:Ef,RE{t lEu^=+. * /:i*lElD,c.*4arE
ll (' -ddn l< ,Dir,. 3 t
HnrH< E /: 6 . Z o*Y,tJ'tf$C:ii.a- L <H8HX D * r "
After you have carefully read through the choices you will hear the conversation. When the words that are the same as those in the
choices or words that have the same meaning as them appear in the conversation, be sure to listen with parlicular attention to catch
these pafts.
ilfrWzifrryfci Hlfli*&itrfiBt,Fid" EH tr'fEHr5ft,fr+fHlEElt*ifr4ElElXt*,fig!ilr|, g++5tjdI
EiTH.
ljrl /.irt, rBiJlw {, < <E /sl. {rl 3 Lc$A' tE :E' ati
ffi6t-t//r. t (r..#:0 EIH!i*- j r,ftrJrrffi{:-r /r D) affi ( HffioE+i*_
^0)
} i rrt
llL EDi r.
IEI;6i|a*L*f"
When you are asked in the questions what is most important (.t
-&A E E! ii ,- (the first-of-all reason.. .)1 r'f4nJE+ 6 - (What is
most.. .)t focus attention also on the lollowing expressions.
tElbtfi+El"JftEt+E++ElE,ftta, fuil"*&a EE!i*-(tgHE!E-)". "f4rElt-u1taa-)"+, rulFIEf
ffiry-BHTHB,!**trfr"
r.rgilt
.
-6 I First,themost tz."trEt+Et+"Bltrtifr
t).1 l< 8r.ai
R4.,zWtc,/Rffi
<6
. Lh,.6 : comparing *^"YLW" ffitjtnrt
- I D,/ ?tLX D,/ ro -:> L -0)l*
uli8ji€rDL.s', L.LLAL 3 t,it( L j lilaL
=
./.
{ iX,#,qX t HF.lXaH,r(i' 6. E+F&affiL<' ( /1 3 t,,. Z tLh' 6 -;fi4'ffi u,(. 6.?- l:
h,
/r 6 6 O i.O. ts r> lsr,r 6 Oi: x t#r,,< ( /dA ... {4&
at"lo, Srli L'
I +EO+flE B
./"Lq'i 6<Ii Lr
2 +ffiof.wa
6r,rL0, i r&i r-I-
3 XEOE[EB
3 6r,LDi lrr&i Lr
4 tr*EoEffiB
@ =rrEEtfffi
v tfr4>rrgfra,a,.il,tY,3i

Ef,lt ,.
Vr$1"
HFE I*
tTtllts (
i,il: (
za 3 x
t*4, h,z
rl,-r4&jEf
4x
ri,1,/:( L .t if 6ei t. 3 .LL@, Erli d
(t,)r ('f. rE{EE{a;E*l;i}HL(Efl ( t. r4iEa;#ffiEr i*
!r 6h bL a/wLb, {r<}i r_I' r@iir/:
ls-> Oc)r tE:<v'661.Su.*f. ZO'tA. r4EattffiEtt*t9fi.r l: ri
r, a /. 6L0i iJ?* i LN Llo( D,
6u.v.f L r ii.r tE:</AO<'. ai.Lir"6e<.-l." rXEOtr[EBr i*rlEB
(*iftar. rExrEoEffiBr ii rEf F" bto-e . Dt,6{rHv.*3-.
+t/ptcl l, a & lJ Ji- d,4, ,b, ,. E
ca l. i l:iElR&aAHa"frBAl:)tHg-6 t.H ( -5 ff'4 > l-.ir:i.4$f ( rr D *9."
The question is r v,:> 4 & rEf (f ,) (when will you retum the book?)l. When you listen attentively to the words in the choices you
willfindthat r+iEo#ffi8 (Fridaythisweek)l iswrongbecauseshesays tfslt ( /*: (ft) (ithasbecomeimpossibleforme
togo)l.Afterthis,shesaysthatwillitberii,iJ:(6r,)L)fL*ii'(convenienttovisityou?)l r9filntheevening): on
r+Eo^ffi E (Thursday this week)l, and so this is the correct answer. r*)EO.E E E g4onday next week)l will be rlE E t*i
l*Jl (no seminar because it falls on a holiday)1 and rE*iEO,E E E (Monday the day after next): will be rr@f 3" 6 (too late)1
are both wrong.
In this manner listening attentively to the parts that contain words from in the choices make it easy to catch the points you should
listen to.
tElBJEltl"v,'tzKZ)E9.G')GtAEtIRiSfl)", EH+if&fU&frI,fr6ffiWhgrl+ffipfi. jerf"e)Eo+ffiE
(i3+ilf+I)"BhH"TtrI /r ( /e: (rc) (*6TT)", FfiUEIUfrFh. trEEgthfrfi"+tEo^EE (ii+Alf+
E)"Etii"rfra i,ir:($r,,v,rL x ih'u*w*4ur+)", Elrlt4urAEBhLffiE=*. ETjErn"*iHa)
E ffi E (T+iL# - )" Bh " lnE r #fra (rI,lH6ii+)", i&Ir'E*)Eo tr E B (TTf iL# - )" I|l "Ej. 5' a
(tnfr r)", trrlt#FtrJDl#Flh.
4rttrT4,, Wii 4Z &frfiH! E#, d DIrftrWH tr E!*@i-"].
7'UJI
Be.*$€#,,*:Ffltr:C.],r.**'9 ",
,2,afr,;Ai*lr. n,** t L.
=;:e
! i g f g,*
,{ i,$ L 6 l-, &H,?*": ffi,S,,(t,',fe 4CI:,L &.L:ef tl,t,,,*ffi,o&ffiE i.Ef$!H
r.Llc,**,, a'x,i,.L,;6lf & (', i1',;:g:2 tcLTT"
ht h.i. /: (
8i 7ttrt,4, ,f, effi.b i;*i€i; i fr*ri.< {r.lrrlrt L
.' .... ,*le . []., B.< *i ,ir::..,...,11rf
z,t!t. r fit,q);, fr, * #wfl, q),,9
6T
* i *'. ffi,f/c'-: ft 6- * x
'r-
le itt<:*; x.'xi; ,,Hffi,'E,o+': offili t 6H;'i.,2,if,**",,Hffir*lH?ir*rH
.4.f;:A,a.-:{*h...,'B*iEfiLE'fF"aa):e...:;..ltj.$j'...4*:1iA,o..
r i=IREqeED=Hr.iiHr,.A:< --@

fHB I
UtiElitrdrr,-S, L2rolaE/w E t,1,t( L & lttL E ./.
ttinffiBExtHfdxaH,r(i.6. Efltffit_?fr,L'e ( /di v," ZtLrt'r,ffitffivr( . EZt:
,
fr 6 6 /) i.O. ts btsv, 6 c) i: x tgr,>( ( /c'3 v,.
(r) & t Ttu.,:4 t-i:f?(i'6
2 7 tv.'s4 r ,ffiHrFA 6h't,
t,ttr,' n)
3 te+.L*i rt,r,
D eSri
4 !9#htb ah,6
(2) ffi I t( (*3r.,rL,,r
t*z 6E
2 fiEf3"(H ( /et,,
3 *ittE v,
bt)
4 mrri*->39Llrv'
()
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I
2
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4
h,tti C &lt ba
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trLs L
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D.
Sfitnrb'>tch'6
ftSnrfr&b t /41,tr' 6
hrf
()
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()
(4) ffi
(5) ffi
1 Evrx €-+LH,ZA. L
E
2 7Y-+Ar--"tt*,e>a. L
i. ixt, i ,'
3 BA-#-e
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: t
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4 LaffiLfl,/*ir6#f : f
L ir 6&/iu'
1 ft$rFfiEEnrb ->fcz L
2 E*irbh,trtsh,oft i t
tiD /c i t
ro "c
4 > rV -Ak't*hH/ri':/ci t
@- =zEEtfffi-
v tfr4>-E,ffita;lilt,E+,3i

-t-
tr
t
t
{
ll
I
1.
Ctc Jj/- !r a i (r,"C 3 fr (!r( 3 i,riJ
E i65dTE trfc u z &(HE Ht f'EE H! 75, d# Za
i*t /J L D dl, E {, li i lJd l a l: "il.d r,
;f;T C* 2/noF=t#r,t&o3 0 Ltc*IR1Eblrr,,: t 6 bD *T. Ez5aa"fru,/c
ai(r,t8 Lr 'rlr-cg i'rii < .3 ,J( L|,i
,, i t (H-EE!r,6tE!n,) XtZ6+hth'q L L<. 4.ai i /e. t e+H L * L/:"
Sometimes speakers may not tell their feeling in clear expressions. We have leamed the following as a clue lor thinking about what
we want to say (either affirmative or negative).
ii,ifr/aBf#6H1*tr6E dffi,1.'l6datr" F,&*Trrl*Brrt, l+fsElfiiilEffiJ0rgffitHtt*EBFf*z,Bli Ee
[ (EHEJ5E6E).
L b t'r')lJL
. lEl,a*?- 6fi'D a rt'L4i-f #-lfr, (39
^- r)
Expressions indicating whether to agree or not *m IE,c.-568!*Bf {
h'L't2<3 ltc I't:
' 1fr&ffrts$ Zfi (36
^- r)
lndirect way of answering tqt*B! E 6ril
:3" tj;itf L geitr <
:.<.cj. 3 r,t.*otItrl:iiEl L*T.
Be even more attentive towards the following expressions here. TEfi!tjtittd,ffi{6lEif1e,*
(l)r-[J t" /-hr6o ./-To ./-U. /-AA."tfeUffrAai
Art l*tl
@ A:boffi. )',bih'.
AiJ l*tl
@ A:il>aE.
^Zart,"
trf ai(1,(3 i*r,l
B : lt'Aicr..!*]. (HEH! :
^A)
S?- t-i (r,< ts ilL.
B : lfr]t-fcr,)i7 U....... (6EH! : jf /at,,)
(2) r
-te 6 / -tl / -tc 6" " " [7 L'r
DrELr r,h ljliSti Ld)
(E[AtEi{ iEA6r')
(Situation different from reality) ( #a -5 *[n ffi RtE tr E! *tt fr )
@A
B
@A
B
(l) l'fi*/c,,
te
(2) I A^6
Tl*tc ( /rr.,
t
A'i/rt,
itrrL b rirai ,'i
+A;fi+&t.&a o ?
ir<tiL U aL .r3jj U2*a
a i'rli(3
^1"3
j j ,'&
( HE B! : fihlfl L ( u . /& h' o fc o)'e'. E b /e il it ii /r 6 /r t,, )
5 L A
.oEE. lUAal"D+/sv.?
t i;r' Ll lj{, L (L<:i i} .)< U "A,n l. 6
HrrH ,.A/e 6 r,, r.,, t,B i [l e. (eiEE! : H*s{E r,, H
/2. l: i*tDlAb /r !, )
lrtlffiz - 1
'**tHr,< ( /aA v'" ial*fnjfr#',,ftr,.(.i-fl'. 4t
2
2
2 EzlyTfitr/ctr-L (HEE!75'68ffih') A.4ZA --@

Sfltrt z Q)z
itz Dlif 9 @t blh tF'
(t)r(ffiri) il>L*OE?D e/sv,1 t v, i : t t. WAX*"f ri.6r t'>r,|-e 8.2-(r,'*T"
! r, a' 6!r -' E"'ir'
'f:
tE
.niir/a'i,6 i1*fr( /4v:1 t v. i mfrr-f. :-a I i l:.fH#l: L->'ef*k',rs$ZoH.tt..
i*: E ry*ztat /srz,(". &ffir:'vd;,la. Lhry < bq *-r"
ah, UrEl' 6h; LliEr' Lel ''dl
Zt-ci'......tI D tti#..(. EFH t i1ielttina,r- U <!'*f. Effil* rRlrr',rt'-rcf!'
r- ba
/so)(". 6-i/c ( /3v,1 t t,'i H+(" 3-"
(1) She relates her being r
1rytl) b L*. l) Is D + /s v' (not very good at [singing])l by using ri' 6 (because) I to indicate the
reason why. This means t il*,6TtZt ( l;v) (because of it I don't want to go)r. In this manner it often happens that when the
answer is disappointing to the other person one does not give a precise answer and only states the reason'
(2) She uses t-tJ......11 D (if-but ......)t to indicate a situation that is different fromreality; itmeans because I am tuI1 I don't
want to eat.
I
i
I
I
i
i
(1) El 6+f{ffi Fltjtnfr E "(ffirr) 6 tu *
Eifl"/an' 6'tr3fc ( /ar,'(Ff Dl&6tB*)"
qE,U+4H.
(2) "-iJ" " " ri D" tzr54*'Hnffi trB!'Hln,'
D t.+ D'? /r ! ) ( 6AA rBBt)" tr ffi +++zrB H H'l " h' r'}"' *E*ffi
" fi+++EBEffiifrAFfAEHffi'IJB!' XFAiEHT[AH1*iH, M
Tr:t)J
sta.
(1) tr'
. ,$rt
,.k
, s.ta
,{2J W
aA,ir
, ,1(
@- =nEFrfffi
v rfi4>*leffito7*)t'&+B

l
l
uliSlitrDli"B/w L2$/.Ai. X
{ ,**EEX LHfAXft Ef,L,<r, 6.
tA,tc1 l. j
{ iEffiEEX LHfAXftffi I,a6, 6. iE#tl{t--ffiL<' ( /j 3 t,,.
/r 6 b oi.C). b erisl, {.) oi; x A#v,( ( /jA r.,,. lo$
llht E a /.
ZtLh,c,;freffiur(. EZt:
| +rt4
3i,
2 *jiE
&, <2
3 ,=svl"Hafift
f) 5(
4 9=*'Yr"ffiOEV
2)'L i" 5 lrle a_IL telz !l
5#4ftv,< ( /:3 v," 4arX11ffi6ry1v,/cL,r9-r'.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(e)
[0)
T
t 7=t-raoi*4r8/a'
*i{, L Z
r ffiE',,
,:
I Hi
| 'fr<
I L <,6
i'ft )
1 fifftr<i* L r,,
0)
I :-L-LHXlttct,,
!
1 *S!r l_!rfr tr{t (
h,
I Ei
| {tofc
t
2 7 =7&-f Aat*.*I5<"i*/ev.
b6 La
Z ffifi ( /rr,,,
,'
2 Ha;'ts,'
2 Tsh'tsu.
2 L(ln:/4,r
h'ft C
2 trllllts ( (bv,t,,
0)
2 a-L*t$x.ltfc ( /rt,,
!
Z IJ1,: l_ .,ri, trTt ( O("i*/er,.
,'
2 Hb/s,
ll
2 tih'tsh,ofc
2 Eiulycfiur/ct,rZL (HEE!25'68trtrh) d*76
--@

1x 2x 3x 40
w[xw.o>+ztn]H ( x r. Sl( r: i$e L < ffi s . ++H L ( u, a h'hH.L ( v, a h, try z *. T "
.. ts bq <, Lr E.i(!r /*i, <, tu{i
tE6wJ: t r$fLr i* tV,r,,tar tE-<Etr L(r,,*rir. za+<,r{i/ir,**r< xnrffiLr,,r t
r, () <!r A {,@ J.< ilc
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Listen attentively to the parts in which the thiriis given in the choices appear and consider whether statements are in the affirmative
or negative. Although the speaker says that .EAWI (clothes); and rSfL (shoes): are tlrL,tL (good)l in a positive tone, he also
says, rEfLi*+},l X"rrffi L tu r (It is difficult to find suitable size shoes)t in a negative tone. Therefore, rE AWJ:EF. (clothes)l is the
only correct answer.
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It does happen that people will give a different opinion after they have once agreed with what the other person has said or add in-
formation in the middle ofthe conversation. Listen through to the end ofthe conversation while locusing attention on the lollowing
expressions that are used on such occasions and selectthe appropriate answer.
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Having said tt*.tti-t (useful)l for rfl$ (*o.9t, the woman goes on to admit it would rt Lt.i; (certainly)l be r{Ei 6 C
6 , , ia A i'LlL ii'l, : 1 r (fine if one progressed as far as to be able to use it)1, but thereupon she notes tH [: flflDt (it's only a hobby)1
- and so choice 1 is wrong. Choice 2 is also wrong because she remarks that she is rrftfTffi#+ (a poor air traveler)t. rEiS ltfre
friends)t mentioned in choice 3 do not yet exist because she admits she has no chance by saying t + r > -1 (" 6 6i'tiJ',rtrfut
fi7 D (itwould be nice ifthere were a chance but...) [- * t yZrrlj!) no chance]l.
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Listen to a coherent conversation or spoken statement and try to understand what the speaker rvants to say as a wl,ole and what his/
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l. Catch the subject and try to understand what the speaker wants to say on the whole.
2. Listen while thinking ofthe intentions ofthe speaker taking the preliminary expressions as a clue
3. Get used to the pattem of speaking when stating opinions and making assedions.
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It is quite normal practice to make the subject known first at the beginning ola talk. Focus attention on the expressions belo*,to get
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First she says t EJlzl(. E V LtlFfuA (one can make soap by oneself)t. This is what she wa:rts to talk about from this moment
onwards. On this topic she says |
+ff 0 'f Afi iriE i ( t, , 6 (there are more and more people making their own soap)l and then
continuestonotethat 1462ffivr(46 t (whenoneinquiresafterthereasons): itcanbeseen tffi$/g j i iaf F (thatyou
can make it the way you like)1 and tfflt'+t H rl("i$. 6 ,) rr"! ) L ) (that you can choose the materials yourself)1. Therefore, what
she wants to say in her talk as a whole is to give the reason for making soap by oneself
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@-.r=ErF vr rffiEeffi, a^fltt+n

aE tz1) 6?* g.i *i. rs Ur.|tJL .h t'i,tl, it/e
lnlh'tffiLti0-iilIokT SBtili*. BfES o*rTx I ( {Fr,,*f" .tu6a*rm*itv
+O.E*EItZZ6+71fi, D l:ra D *3-.
Preliminary expressions are often used before one asks or apologizes for something. These expressions provide a clue for consider-
rng the speaker's intentions.
Bi*+tzri6*. €#iZBi, &H1*H-+firhfr" "F&*..BtI'HIFI+thfril1#Brfr, WffiH:lfi1g.rtl0lEffiifi,ifr
,,LE!.e.*El.
r.'LL
. HB tf} 6t A : Making known one's inrentions *xii,ifi/,8!,a*tr8lt$rfr
l,ct:L ?afij" litl
*sEf.u,,/ i i,irvr/cu r i L,/Hffr,/ a+Hlk,/B;fr hb6fuf ?-ri
bA!1 U
. ;f;ffi4ff 6t A 3 Makingknownone'ssubject fErriifiEp!+Brrt
- A a L ts L'QT tl D,/ -/s LtaV D,/ - L?T fi:
LL..E-, l,l
. )<t)lfS a L tA a i Sayingthings ofgreatimportance +rrrifi,i6lrEiESIIEIE4.H,H.ffit*f{
F',*,t znn'
i1 r) /a r,
I'1Jffi2
ll/rL E .t
if;tHt,,(. O@@l:EZ< ( /jFv,"
b rJ[ bL
O E=f;FEi*{4r?. ,,"
@ b i -tr;fi2ffir2,(. #rKa*&*'e?fEd u-brt'a€rr,f.*ftxfi,<. #u.< ( /da
itrrl
L'" /2$
€l mraxfrv,<. *2. ( /daL,. {B-S
I 2 J
2 frtr.Ao*IRA+hhD l.t'<HBAz? 7a --@

Eilotiliia n,,.&0ft) ) -t @'ffiL tv,< ( i'r-lrr,,i./r, @s
Enir [_rt trr E tr t L EoiF*.ts n
*aL&r5ffiu,ir6 6 t L. */c,HBr_rlrrt(i,6. t .o / - l-.. rFEiln3 Li.{H
b li'r,. Lb < h'z
0tcLtiilDr tffiEAziL<v,*f" .a2'tt*fish,Dtt-f 6L. rEL tv,( ( i'tfr
,,,t./rl nrHotij(aEif&ia,=*&r. i#fri#rr* | ) -rx?ilryr.*r.,rrb(i** D *r"
After stating her intention for coming and saying rt.'ffiFL)r]b 6 (lhave a favor to ask ofyou)1 she declares the issue that brought
herto her friend's house t aA ) * l-. HFEIlJElSfuiaffiD/eLffl D (It's thenotebook, Iborrowedit fromMs.Yamaguchi
yesterday, but...)1. From these two utterances, you can tell that rE L t Vr( ( fu/4!r/:13 (can you return it for me)1 is going to
be her specific intention, so the choice r I - f tlEtl ta */: (I have come to put the notebook into your keeping)1 is applicable.
lLi4ifr+a+B!frth1"tiBR,'fisil>z (a{+sHn{6)"ilu),#.Tffiru}lJEE&BJL*B!.c.*El, )}," zo> / * l-. E'F
Etilrtr3 Lt.t#0tcLtiv D(B4€iEEBFtfii)l.iltrxuliE*PI)"EI|-lffiEBfnrtwF4"."il,iltrflFJLffi*ffi
%rt"Wr+, Edryf^&*t1trB,lT, nlUNErI.+T!,EEEisjL*B!HB'lE"iEL tt,:( ( ti-fsv,r'/e(EEffi+ni5%'
,f0rg? ) ", trrt+ri ffi " ) * | tfrtr t:.*.fc (*.tE%ittrA'{e ) " EEffiffi ffirfr .
kru,i l.. : : . i ,
6tu$ OL li,/J4 3 lrrr
ka
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ii/,t .: ?6lL
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f1 i* L,,, lo I ; F
,,Sf EIIlJrr 3 A,l:ffiry ftArii,W,S,: ,EL L,r,]-(:( t'r*lr*t,*;
V2 Ortl* e * Lt
Ei* u, tsfi'O*j lJb t, + Lhtffi'-*f l: fa '> t, *'t-C " :trh'qrfiHw'l:fi ( h't>
/: v
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r,t,Lr) L tt/-
a e> Ltr" xiEefi,ffi/j L . / -
$i,t tI L E {, fiB i$. E
kD Lt*tscEO i g i:{qa L H** L ft *."
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2 ) *1tffiry i;*F.
6f *'
3 ) -l affiBi.*ft
Frr&
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a,r,/$
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ft * * f't WA L,H i *:6"
@- -r=FtF u r#eeffir az+)ut+,3

taLLb,
ffiB2
;fiaH,,(. O@@l.Ei-< ( /j.3v..
b f:' ltL
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_ LB .' ll/jL 3 *ji,t art t t (. tu-(8 d jt,t E t h,
@ 6 i -E"#frffi!,(. /r-o/-affiElrlE{ E!0.bi'1-ilftt?HFH[:1. Sr,,,(
fl3u.. r&
e Effitffir,. , *z( ( t'l,. f}
(2) C #ffir*ffirrr,. @
@
L)g L' itAL E
6 i -E;-f;frffitr,(.
73. 3 r'" {3}
@ mniltmu,<. *2. ( /asv," d.?
hla Ut Lr t <. ttt(i 5.. Rn 3 t
H o xaHtrnrE{AF!i. b i, A-fr{/n't H E HX: <.
,'
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(3) C ;gFcr*ffirr-r," {=h
l,'6 D li/iL E NA,/; UL r,r I <' /:tr(E Jl $,/w 3 t i'
@ 6 , -8ffi2ffi1,(. f-aLaHEnrE{4Hit.bh,a"frBt}t-HEHx:a. $v,(
/d 3 r,," @
@ g:naxffiu,<. *z< ( /aau," €6)
I 2 o
.)
2 o
.)
I 2 J
2 il83a*tilfg+hhDt t'<HXagZZa --@

ll/i L ( t1 tIL l,@bri E t
'ilEEfH:=ry6
ifr a t t -> d +hh' o tzu< H E,
D J.l, tt lJA, L@t,*, o) r-rilA,(3 u. ( 6
fih'offi,F,Pt5E/e eAfi^ a L3. .EtEll:Abtu< 2,6 J. t&: t1*<'o. & tLh-
ll/* '( u. lJ,t. L @rti 3 t
/rir6;fi3-: t116 t2 * j-" Zat:9*>t+hlh,D t:L(. ,=.oE . +qFtHEHXD *f.
It is quite common for people stating their own opinions and making their own assertions to say what is generally said and to talk by
comparing with things that have been around until now. Try to catch their opinions and assertions by taking their pattem ofspeech
as a clue.
+idH 8ffifl.F.4+rtrB{, 6Bf**ffi5tlAHi.q. EfAl[4. Dl'rtl[,F,4jE/X,l&t?fi.Vl#'iL.E{" iFUji!4ta
rt -hrR*, iE6fi ,$-ffi ifi, i6,l' B^J,[.F, 4 +rtr "
L- lJ.{ L@"bii D lr,llL
(,a*E ' +$FAm' 6ts7 -> L#IE>
Patterns of speech and expressions used when stating opinions and making assertions
*S fl ,F, eI t lK B! *it +4 &E*itn {
,.tLLZL llliEli
-fiqffi
. z n*r att)E,/a L'
General talk Situation until now
t,rritA Hi.E,. rB{Gr[A .
Dl 1+l[,fi 4,t6 ix.
-E
B! * * n -t
L
l. -./- L.b{L*.t
1, ) +- ,/) + a ,
o>fvt,/ VDOfv
'*1 +-7"-'7"1 ?- ./+' L
vau6 t L /:
=6A,,oHE
. iEE/eL'
Speaker's opinions and asseftions
*2. imifr ,A. H! 1[.F. 4.t lK S B! *tsi rt
-OfCj/sl,r("Lrii.
-Oa'-{,/ - t.Et,*f
-/v a
1{j-h, b tt-,/1tAt*-
tr t'U
-h,/ Tb
zn&D
3 --L
ifrL1frt ,<. C@ t:E z( ( /:' 5 t ,.
c #*afru.< ( r:.ar,,. Ha;t oa.:'Ha.a t b o E^Lat:#.u.ri-i.. lsB,
L+trd 67) a
Ittrl:/: ( 3 LWJtfi-><6 6l,,/:1,
3?(E* t4'-
#Bt#i:€Lr 6 6 L, /: r,.
a
b
i'"- ! rifi A bL V.$/- ./.
? tJ l :p;etH,,,<(/d3v,. zoTA<'H.ffi1:ge((aa,," dsqdsh
ifit ffit"<'
-IEEET ak+)tL?,3i
-
= -=:,'.E VI =1

Eiloo @s
LeBli
',ir
leh D 4L ))
ltEl* tts#.t b i 1,, (6)r . t i* rb L4/-*#r t#,dD(v.*fi]. tLi.L tt:-ffill'C
AL. D i*& tr *4a
ztLx D {:: tts/r: t t#L(v,* 9." t bqh:L i LEo-c b 6 i i t.l tHl"-e'6 6
,l/. i* i
i z t t t-ffiffi,< ix L t,, t E: ( t,, * f"
The president (of a company) admits that rB6A 6 i l, (6) (making money)t is rb 6 4 L^+ (of course important)l. Yet af-
ter having said r L i, L (but)1 he will talk about things that are more important than money. He says that he wants his staffto persist
intrying totE>Dirt i tE:(66i a t (havecustomerssaythankyou): andtryingto rEL< 66i a t (makethem
happv)r.
Bfnifi+,,H.448ffit&i"tr+.t6irJ6(ffif*)""$t'4L*#lEf*rEEq)"'{Et*T*t*frffi"Lr'L({E
E)"trm++Pltr--q-hBryBlh6. {tifi,feE6g]AilqF,fr*)11fr1ffi8"b Drr't i LEoa. {:6 i: t (*m
EffiH)". "El"r6 6a.L (tm€HX)".
sla.
E,,i
.L.$gri :itt., ..,1 ...: ..t&y'e : , :i :....r
&€*,rBL.*1 r, -: L, l*&It9i>;,',,,,,'
,,! ::,':'l;' (' :6., b .&,H.' 4<'i>,'6.L,dr* i. i;ffi4Fi,'r,i,*' L' 1.,,r
:^SE&&-{.(,I,:,$,6,&ri,i: :,:e,i*,L!I
Ata€4,rc,6,,6,ir6,,*,',iIffi.$E.*Iel'* L,t,'
2
3
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€,i,:e tla,lti,*.tt,*rl*:",.6,t-Ltr;&f*.;:t$iEA<2,r,.,',tt,*','rtl"f,6?r. .Li.L..*i
3 -#att->d.*hsh'Dla <H.F, . EgEtFq:=ry a --@

tLLLai
ffiB3
;iiaffiv.r. c@l:S z< </dE r,i.
(t) C Haftu.< ( /dau'" HrXo*Hl*a t b a €^t, qr:#v,<ti,. €;!
h,A,t /- q r.i D ii L
*;,r L ( (ffiH/rf+Wk#.i_tc,
0 t, D .h, 31., ri *". L
f{E i: {F i MHr,c't u, < #. i-t:. v,
a
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@ 6 r-EffitEflv,< ( /dEv," za'A<mzuil:Se( ( /dav,. ffiffi
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(2) C =+AHL)< ( flA v," 4a/oHHl* a t b aDt, ert:rlu,("fi,. ffi
t.z 4
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a
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I Jt Ltst t r,, i H*r*ff4Hr:i€z<v,r,.
I Jt Llst t r,, i H*l*iE v <ifi:-nc,,/rr,,,
a
b
t'6 t-'rjtl 3 erL L24,L aF:
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affi*fiF"qH ffi
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litL Z V.$L ts iri' $ol
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4H#E;fr,Fff 37

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