assaiment

1. 1
%d;whk; mj;jpahak; (CHAPTER THREE)
3.0 Ma;T Kiwapay; (Research Methodology)
3.1 mwpKfk; (Introduction)
,t;tha;thdJ jw;fhy ghlrhiyfspy; fy;tp ju Nkk;ghl;il tpidjpwDilajhf
miktjw;F ghlrhiy mjpgu;fspd; 21 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; jiyikj;Jt jpwd;fs;
ve;jsTf;F tpUj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. vd;gijg;gw;wpa fUj;ij Kd;dtj;J vLj;Jr;
nry;yg;gLfpd;wJ . ghlrhiyapd; fy;tpju Nkk;ghL miltjw;F ghlrhiy mjpgu;fs;
jd;Ds; 21Mk; E}w;whz;L jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;ahikf;fhd fhuzq;fs;> 21Mk;
E}w;whz;bw;F nghUj;jkhd Mrpupau;fis cUthf;Ftjpy; Vw;gl;Ls;s gpur;ridfs;
kw;Wk; ,g; gpurpidfis jPu;g;gjw;F mjpgu; ifahz;l cghaq;fSk;> El;gq;fSk;>
tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f 21Mk; E}w;whz;bd; mjpgu;fsplk; tpUj;jp nry;ag;gl Ntz;ba
jiyikj;Jt jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd Kd;nkhopTfs; Nghd;w
tpdhf;fSf;F tpilfhZk; tpjj;jpy; ,t;tha;T Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yg;gLfpd;wJ
3.2 Ma;T Kiw (Resarch Method)
Ma;tpd; jiyg;G> Nehf;fk; rdj;njhif> Ma;Tr;R+oy;>fhyk; Kjyhd khWgLk;
epge;jidfspd; mbg;gilapy; Ma;thsupdhy; gy;NtWgl;l Ma;T Kiwfs;
gpd;gw;wg;gl;L thndhf; vk; (1985) ,e;j tifapy; ,t;tha;tpd; Nehf;fj;ijAila
"rupahd jfty;fis mspf;Fk; tpku;rd gupNrhjid Kiw" gpd;gw;w Ntz;bAs;sJ.
MaTr; rdj;njhif xU r%f tpQ;Qhd gug;gpy; mike;Js;sikapdhy;
rdj;njhifapy;khjpupfis njupe;J khwpfis Nehf;fj;jpw;F Vw;g cUthf;fp ,e;j
Ma;T Kiw jfty; jpul;Lk; xU Kiwahf vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;L epfo;fhy
cz;ikfis fz;lwpa cs;s epiyikfs; tprhuiz %yk; Muhag;gLtjpdhy;
,e;j Ma;T xU mstPl;L Ma;T KiwahfTk; mikfpd;wJ. tprhuiz %yk;
ngwg;gl;l jfty;fs; midj;Jk; Kiwikg;gLj;jg;gl;L Ma;T Nehf;fj;ij mila
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

2. 2
,e;j Ma;T tprhuiz Ma;T Kiwapy; miktjpdhy; mjpgu;fspd; 21 Mk;
E}w;whz;bd; jiyikj;Jt jpwd;fs; gw;wpa gy jfty;fis jpul;l cjTfpd;wJ.
jpul;bajd; %yk; gpur;rpidfis vjpu;fhyj;jpy; jPu;f;f topNaw;wg;gLfpd;w mNj
rkaj;jpy; khwpfspilNa njhlu;Gfis fz;lwpaTk; cjTfpd;wJ. gy mjpgu;fs;
Mrpupau;fsplkpUe;J jfty;fis ngWtjpdhy; jtwhd KbTfs; tUjy; jtpu;j;Jf;
nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w mNj Ntisapy; mf tajd;ikf;F ,lkpy;yhjpUg;gJld; Ma;tpd;
Nehf;fj;ij cila fpilf;Fk; jfty;fs; ek;gfKk; jFjpAk; cilajhf
,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,t;tha;tpid tprhuiz Ma;T Kiwf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLtjd; %yk;
rkfhyj;ij gpd;gw;wp kpfr; rupahd jfty;fSk; fpilf;f tspNaw;wg;gLfpd;wJ.
3.3 khjpupj; njupT (selection of sample)
Fbj;njhifapd; jd;ik> Ma;tpd; jd;ik> Njitg;gLk; juTfspd; msT Mfpa
fhuzpfSf;F Vw;g Muha;r;rpapd; khjpupfs;; (sample) njupT nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.
“nghJikg;gLj;jpa Ma;T Kbitg;; ngWtjw;F gpujpepjpahf njupT nra;ag;gLk;
rdj;njhifia Ma;T rdj;njhif (Research Population) vdg;gLk;. vd fw;];uh v];
(1986) $wpAs;shu;. xU ngUe;njhif kf;fis gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;Ak; tifapy;
mjpypUe;J tiuaWj;J njupT nra;J mk;kf;fspd; gpujpepjpahf gad;gLj;jp
mtu;fisf; nfhz;L Ma;T nra;J fUj;Jf;fis mwpjNy khjpup (Sample) vd
Fity;Nghy;.rp (1965) vLj;Jf; $wpAs;shu;.
ghlrhiyapd; njhif> Mrpupau; vz;zpf;if> ghlrhiyapd; juk;> ghlrhiyapd;
tsepiy> mjpgu;fspd; juk; Kjypatw;iw fUj;jpy; nfhz;L tyaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;
midj;Jf; Nfhl;lq;fisAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; khjpup njupT
Ma;thsupdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. mjhtJ ,t;tha;Tf;fhd khjpup njupT kpfTk;
FWfpa fhyj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ljpdhy; FWf;F ntl;L Ma;T Kiw (Cross
Sectional studies) gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mj;Jld; fpz;zpah tyaj;jpy; cs;s %d;W
Nfhl;lq;fspYk; ,k;khjpup njuptpid Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;bape;j;jpdhy; gpuNjr
xJf;fPl;L khjpup njuptpidAk; (Area quota sample) Ma;thsu; gad;gLj;j Ntz;b
,Ue;jJ. ,t;thA mjpgu;fspd; jiyikj;Jt jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Ma;T
vd;gjpdhy; nghJthf juk; $ba ghlrhiyfspy; njupT xU Nehf;fj;ij
mbg;gilahf itj;J njupT nra;ag;gl;ld. vdNt khjpup njupT FWe;Nehf;f khjpup

3. 3
njupT (Purposive sampling) MFk;. mj;Jld; fpz;zpah tyaj;jpy; cs;s %d;W
Nfhl;lq;fismbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mjhtJ ,g;g ghlrhiyfspd; ,t;tplq;fspy;
Kjd;ik ghlrhiyfshf miktjpdhy; ,q;F xU Nehf;fj;ij mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L xOq;FKiw gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wJ.
,t;tha;tpy; juTfis Nrfupg;gjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fpz;zpah tya 1AB> 1C
juq;fis cila 22 ghlrhiyfs; njupT nra;ag;gl;ld. ,e;j ghlrhiyfs;
midj;Jk; ,e;j tyaj;jpy; cs;s Nfhl;lj;jpYk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f msT trjp $ba
ghlrhiyfshf fUjg;gLtjpdhy; Nehf;fj;Jf;Fupa njspthf mikfpd;wd.
xt;nthU ghlrhiyfspy; ,Ue;Jk; mjpgu;fs;> gpujp mjpgu;fSk; Ma;thsupdhy;
nra;ag;gl;ldu;. Mz;> ngz; vd;w NtWghL ,d;wp Nfs;tpf;fj;jpy; cs;s
tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f $batu;fshf Ma;thsupdhy; Nehf;fj;ij
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,tu;fs; njupT nra;ag;gl;ldu;. ,t;thW 22 ghlrhiyfspy;
,Ue;J 22 mjpgu;fSk;> 44 gpujp mjpgu;fSk; njupT nra;ag;gl;ldu;. xt;nthU
tifahd mjpgu;fisAk; ghy;> fy;tp jFjp> mDgtk; mbg;gilapyhd
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; khjpup njupthdJ ftdkhf njupT nra;ag;gl;lJ.
,jd; gb njupT nra;ag;gl;l ghlrhiyfspd; ml;ltiz fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

4. 4
ml;ltiz.
njupT nra;ag;gl;l ghlrhiyfspd; juKk;> mjpgu;fs;> gpujp mjpgu;fspd;
vz;zpf;ifAk;.
ghlrhiyapd;
FwpaPL
ghlrhiyapd; juk; mjpgu;fspd;
vz;zpf;if
gpujp mjpgu;fspd;
vz;zpf;if
A 1AB 1 2
B 1AB 1 2
C 1AB 1 2
D 1C 1 2
E 1C 1 2
F 1C 1 2
G 1C 1 2
H 1C 1 2
I 1C 1 2
J 1C 1 2
K 1C 1 2
L 1C 1 2
M 1C 1 2
N 1C 1 2
O 1C 1 2
P 1C 1 2
Q 1C 1 2
R 1AB 1 2
S 1C 1 2
T 1AB 1 2
U 1C 1 2
V 1C 1 2

5. 5
3.4 juTfisr; Nrfupj;jy; (Collection of Data)
xU Ma;tpd; Kd;Ndhb eltbf;iffspy; juT Nrfupj;jy; Kf;fpakhdJ xd;whFk;.
Ma;Tf;F Ntz;ba juTfis cupa Neuj;jpy; cupatuplk; ,Ue;J R%fkhd
Kiwapy; ngw;W nfhs;tjpNyNa Ma;tpd; G+uzj;JtKk;> ntw;wpAk; jq;fp cs;sJ.
,e;j Ma;T jiyg;ghdJ ghlrhiy fy;tpj; ju Nkk;ghl;by; ghlrhiy mjpgu;fs; 21
Mk; E}w;whz;L jiyikj;J jpwd;fs; gw;wp ,Ug;gjdhy; ,it fpilf;fhj tplj;J
ghlrhiyapd; fy;tp ju Nkk;ghL ghupa jhf;fk; Vw;gLk;. vdNt mjpgu;fs;>gpujp
mjpgu;fs;> Mrpupau;fs;> khztu;fs;> ghlrhiy Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk; gy juTfs;
ngw Ntz;b ,Ug;gjpdhy; gpd;tUk; Ma;T fUtpfs; ,t;tha;Tf;fhf
gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
(m) tpdhnfhj;J (Questionnaire)
Nehf;fj;jpw; Nfw;g gpur;rpidfisf; $wp mg;gpur;rpidfNshL njhlu;Gila
jfty;fis ngwf;$bajhf tpdhf;fj;J mikf;fg;gl;ld. jfty;fis jpul;l Kd;G.
01. vt;tpjkhd jfty; Njit?
02. mJ ahuplkpUe;J ngw Ntz;Lk;?
03. ve;j tpdh ahuplk; Nfl;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;?
04. rfy tpdhf;fisAk; Nfl;fg;glf; $batu; ahu;?
vd;gd Ma;thsupdhy; njupT nra;a njspTgLj;jpf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mj;Jld;
tpdhf;fj;jpy; Kjypy; ,yFthd tpdhf;fSk; gpd;G rpf;fyhd tpdhf;fSk;
Nru;f;fg;gl;L xOq;fikf;fg;gl;ld. ,Wjpapy; Ma;thsupdhy; jahupf;fg;gl;l tpdh
nfhj;J gpd;tUk; Kf;fpa mk;rq;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jd.

6. 6
1. Fwpf;Nfhspd; mbg;gilapy; tpdhf;fis jahupf;fg;gl;ld.
2. vy;yh tpdhf;fSk; jahupf;fg;gl;L Kd;Ndhb guPl;irfs; %yk (Pilot studies)
gapw;rpf;fg;gl;ld.
3. tpilaspf;f xNu khjpupahd Kiwapy; ,ilntsp tplg;gl;l ,Ue;jd.
4. tpdhf;fspy; gy nghUl;gLk; jd;ik f;lkhd jd;ik ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
5. Nkyjpf tptuq;fisAk;> tplaq;fisAk; vOj trjp nra;ag;gl;bUe;jd.
6. xt;nthU tpdhTk; gupl;]; guprPyidf;F cl;gl;bUe;jd.
7. tpdh nfhj;J ftu;r;rpfukhf jahupf;fg;gl;ld.
8. tpdhf;fs; Kiwahf mikf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jJld; ,yFtpy; tpilaspf;f
$bajhf ,Ue;jd.
9. tpdhf;fisAk;> tpdh mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; NtWgLj;jp mwpaf;$bathW
vOjg;gl;bUe;jd.
10. tpdhf;fj;jpd; tpsf;fk; RUf;fkhf jfty; jUgtu;fSf;F $wg;gl;ld.
tpdhf;fj;jpd; tpdhf;fs; 21k; E}w;whz;L ghlrhiy mjpgu; jiyikj;Jt jpwd;fs;
21k; E}w;whz;Lf;F nghUj;jkhd mjpgu;fs;> gpujp mjpgu;fs; Mrpupau;fs;> khztu;fs;>
ghlrhiy> fw;wy; fw;gpj;j nraw;ghLfs;> tFg;giw Mfpatw;Wld; ghlrhiy fy;tp
jpwik Nkk;ghl;il cau;j;j mikf;fg;gl;ld. gy;Nju;T tpdh> jpwe;j tpdh Kjyhd
gy;NtW tpdhf;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp tpdhf;fs; mikf;fg;gl;ld. ,NjNghy;
mjpgu;fSf;fhd tpdhf;fj;Jk; rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; mikf;fg;gl;ld. ( gpd;dpizg;ig
ghu;f;fTk;)

7. 7
(M) Neu;fhzy;.
,e;j Ma;tpy; mjpgu;fSf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Kf;fpa xU juT Nrfupg;G El;gkhf
Neu;fhzy; mikfpd;wJ. ,g;g gbtj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; tpdhf;fs; midj;Jk; Ma;T
tpdhf;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L tpdhf;fj;jpd; %yk; ngw Kbahj rpy
juTfis ngWtjw;fhf mikf;fg;gl;ld. NeUf;F Neuhd fye;Jiuahlf;$ba
Neu;fhzy; mjpgUld; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. mq;F Ma;thsu; Ma;Tf;Fj; Njitahd
nghUj;jkhd njhlu;Gila jfty;fis tutiof;Fk; xU khu;f;fkhfNt Neu;Kf
tprhuiz xU Ma;T fUtpahf gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,q;F gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Neu;Kf
tprhuizapy; Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fs; gpd;tUk; gz;Gfisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
1. tpdhf;fs; kuG uPjpahd nkhopapy; ,Ue;j;jJ.
2. tpdhf;fs; gaDs;s tpilia ngwf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ.
3. tpdhf;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s nkhopia Neu;Kf tprhuizfSf;F
cl;gLtu; ,yFtpy; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sf; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ.
4. Nfl;fg;gLk; tpdhf;fs; xU Nehf;fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUe;jd.
5. Kjy; Nfs;tp Ma;tpd; Fwpf;Nfhis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl
mike;jpUe;jJ.
(,) mtjhdk;. (Observation)
gd;Kfj; njhlu;Gfspd; mbg;gilapy; Vw;gLk; ,ay;Gfspd; epiyikfspdJ
fhuzq;fisAk;> tpisTfisAk; rupahf Nehf;fp Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; nray;
KiwNa mtjhdk; MFk;. Fity;Nghy; rP (1965) Fwpj;j jiyg;gpyhd ,e;j
Ma;thdJ tpdh nfhj;J> Neu;fhzy; %ykhf khj;jpukd;wp Ma;thsupd; Neub
mtjhdpg;gpd; %ykhfTk; jfty;fs; ngwg;gl;ld. ghlrhiy mjpgupd; 21k; E}w;whz;L
jiyikj;Jt jpwd;fs; ghlrhiyapd; fy;tp ju Nkk;ghL kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jt
nraw;ghLfs; Nghd;wit Ma;thsupdhy; Neubahf mtjhdj;jpw;F cl;gl;ld.
Ma;thsUk; Fwpj;j fy;tp gug;gpy; gzpahw;Wfpd;w xU gzpahsu; vd;w tifapy;
Neub mtjhdpg;gpd; %yk; ngwg;gLk; jfty;fs; ,e;j Ma;itg; gw;wp tpahf;fpahdk;
nra;tjw;F ngupJk; cjTk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

8. 8
mjhtJ mtjhdpg;gpd; Nehf;fk; njspthf Ma;thsupdhy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;l gpd;G
mtjhdpg;Gf;F tiuaiwfs; Ma;thsupdhy; tFj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mjhtJ.
1. mtjhdpg;gpd; Nehf;fk; ahJ?
2. Nehf;fj;ij cila vd;ndd;d tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf mtjhdpg;Gf;fs;
nra;a Ntz;Lk;?
3. ahiu vg;gb mtjhdpg;gJ?
4. vg;gz;Gfis mtjhdpf;f Ntz;bajpy;iy?
5. mtjhdpg;gpw;F nrytplg;gLk; fhyk;?
6. mtjhdpg;gpd; Kbtpyhd mwpf;if?
7. tpdh nfhj;J> Neu;fhzy; Nghd;w Ma;Tf; fUtpfs; %yk; ngw Kbahj
jfty;fs; ,k;Kiw %yk; Ma;thsupdhy; ngwg;gl;ld.
3.5 Ma;T gbKiw (Research Procedure)
,e;j Ma;tpd; Kjy; gbahf mwpKfk;> ,yf;fpa kPsha;T Nghd;w mj;jpahaq;fs;
Nkw;ghu;itahsupd; topfhl;LjYld; vOjp Kbf;fg;gl;ld. ,jd; gpd;G Ma;T
Kiwapy; mj;jpahaj;jpw;F nry;y Kd;G mjpgu;> gpujp mjpgu;> Mrpupau;
MfpNahUf;fhd tpdhf;fj;Jk; mjpgUf;fhd Neu;fhzy; gbtKk; jahupf;fg;gl;L
nfhj;J Ma;thsu; ghlrhiy mjpgu;fs; cjtpAld; Kd;Ndhb guPl;ir (Pilot Studies)
%yk; jpUj;jq;fs; nra;ag;gl;L tpdhf;fs; khw;wp xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;ld.
Ma;tpd; gzj;njhifahf fpz;zpah tyaj;jpy; cs;s 22 ghlrhiyfs; khjpup
njupthf njupT nra;ag;gl;ld. ,jpy; 5 1AB ghlrhiyfSk;> 17 1C ghlrhiyfSk;
mlq;Ffpd;wd. ghlrhiyfs; midj;Jk; fpz;zpah tyaj;jpy; cs;s Nfhl;lq;fspy;
mlq;Ffpd;w Kd;Ndw;wkile;j trjp $ba ghlrhiyfs; MFk;.
ghlrhiyapypUe;J Ma;Tf;fhd juTfs; Nrfupf;fg;gLk; Kd;G Ma;thsupd; tUif
gw;wpa jpfjpAk;> Njitahd Mtzq;fs; gw;wpAk; ghlrhiy mjpgUf;F tya fy;tp
gzpg;ghsupd; mDkjp cld; fbjk; %yk; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. xt;nthU ghlrhiyf;Fk;
juTfs; Nrfupg;gjw;fhf xt;nthU ehs; xJf;fg;gl;ld. xt;nthU ehSk; fhiy 08.00

9. 9
kzpf;F ghlrhiyf;F nrd;W ghlrhiyapd; Muk;g nray;ghLfs;> ghlrhiy R+oy;>
ghlrhiyapd; ftpepiy> mjpgu; Mrpupau; cwT> mjpgu;fs; jkf;F fpilf;fpd;w
trjpfis vt;thW gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;> mjpgu;> gpujp mjpgu; Nghd;Nwhupd;
nraw;ghLfs; gw;wpa mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.
gpd;G khjpup %yk; njupT nra;ag;gl;l 22 mjpgu;fSk;>44 gpujp mjpgu;fSk;
miof;fg;gl;L mtu;fSf;F tpdhf;nfhj;ij toq;fp G+uz tpsf;fk; Ma;thsupdhy;
nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; gpd;G tpdhf;fSf;fhd tpilfis vOj Nghjpa msT Neuk;
nfhLf;fg;gl;L kPz;Lk; tpdhf;fj;Jf;fs; Mrpupau;fsplkpUe;J Nrfupf;fg;gl;lJ.
,NjNghd;W mjpgu;fSf;Fk;> gpujp mjpgu;fSf;Fk; Neu;fhzy; Ma;thsupdhy;
elj;jg;gl;L tha;nkhop %yk; tpdhf;fSf;fhd tpilfSk; ngwg;gl;L Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld.
3.6 juT gFg;gha;Tk; tpahf;fpahdKk; (Data analysis and Interpretation)
juT gFg;gha;T nra;Ak; NghJ Kjypy; ,Utifahd tpdhf;nfhj;jpy; ,Ue;J
(mjpgu;fs;> gpujp mjpgu;fs;> Mrpupau;fs;) ngwg;gLk; juTfis Mtpd; Nehf;fj;jpw;F
Vw;g gpupf;fg;gl;L xt;nthU Nehf;fj;jpd; fPOk; nghUj;jkhd Nehf;fj;ij
<Lnra;af;$ba tplak; tuf;$bathW njhFf;fg;gl;ld. mjhtJ mjpgUf;Fupa
tpdhf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 20 tifahd tpdhf;fs; ,Ug;gpd; tpdhf;fspd; tpilahapd;
Nehf;fj;jpw;fhd juTfis ngwj;jf;fthW mike;jpUf;Fk;. vdNt ,t;tifahd
tpdhf;fspd; juTfs; Nehf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Kjypy; gpupf;fg;gl;lJ. NkYk;
mjpgu;fspd; tpdhf;fj;jpd; juTfisAk; Nehf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; gpupj;J xNu
Nehf;fj;ij <L nra;af;$ba juTfspd; %ba tpdhf;fspd; juTfshapd;
ml;ltizapd; %ykhfTk; jpwe;j tpdhf;fspd; juTfshapd; mit
xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;L tpahf;fpahdk; nra;tjw;F xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,NjNghy; gpujp
mjpgupd; tpdhf;fspd; juTfisAk; Nehf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; gpupj;J 44 gpujp
mjpgupd; juTfSk; xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;L tpahf;fpahdk; nra;tjw;F
xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;lJ.

10. 10
Nkw;Fwg;gl;l KbTfspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;lit msT uPjpahd gFg;gha;T
%ykhfTk; (Quantitative Analysis) gz;G uPjpahd gFg;gha;tpd; %ykhfTk; Ma;tpd;
jfty;fs; gFg;gha;T ngwg;gl;ld. ,jpypUe;J ngwg;gl;l ml;ltiz KbNt
,WjpahdJ. mNjNghy; tpdhf;fj;jpd; juTfs; midj;Jk; jfty;fshf khw;wg;gl;L
Nehf;fq;fis epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf tpahf;fpahdk; nra;ag;gl;L mjd; %yk;
tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs; vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;ld. ,q;F KbTfs; E}w;WtPj;j;jpy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;L me;j tPjj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l KbTfs; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;ld.
,jpypUe;J msT uPjpahd gz;G uPjpahd ,e;j Ma;tpd; tpdhf;fSf;fhd
KbTfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L ,Wjp KbTfs; ngwg;gl;ld. ,jpypUe;J KO Ma;T
Nehf;fj;jpw;fhd tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs; vLj;Jf; $wg;gl;ld.
3.7 ePjp newpf;fhd Nahrid (Ethical Consideration)
Ma;tpw;fhd juT Nrfupj;jy; kpfTk; Neu;ikahd Kiwapy; Ma;thsupdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. mjpgu; Ma;thsu; neUq;fpa njhlu;G itj;Jf; nfhs;stpy;iy.
gpujp mjpgu;fspd; cz;ik juTfis vLg;gjw;fhf mtu;fspd; ngau;fis
tpdhf;fj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;lhnkd mwpTWj;jg;gl;lJ. mjpgu;fSk;> gpujp
mjpgu;fSk; >Mrpupau;fSk; ntspapl;l fUj;Jf;fSk;> mgpg;gpuhaq;fSk; kpfTk;
,ufrpakhf Ngzg;gl;ld. mjhtJ mjpgu;fs; $wpatw;iw Mrpupau;fSf;Fk;> gpujp
mjpgu;fSf;Fk; ntspaplhkYk; gpujp mjpgu;fs;> Mrpupau;fs; $wpa fUj;Jf;fisAk;>
mgpg;gpuhaq;fisAk; mjpgu;fSf;F ntspaplhkYk; ,ufrpak; Ma;thsupdhy;
Ngzg;gl;lJ.
Ma;thsupd; cupik Ma;thsupdhy; gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;lJ.
mtu;fSld; ntspg;gilahf fUj;Jf;fis gupkhwp mtu;fspd; ek;gpf;if ngwg;gl;lJ.
gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; Mrpupau;fs;> gpujp mjpgu;fs;> mjpgu;fs; jpirkhwp nrd;w NghJ
mtu;fs; midtiuAk; xOq;Fg;gLj;jp Ma;thsu; jdJ Nehf;fj;ij epiwNtw;Wk;
vz;zj;NjhL topelj;jp gy Af;jpfis ifahz;L juTfis Nrfupj;jik ,q;F
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

11. 11
3.8 tiuaiw (Limitations)
Ma;Tf;fhd jfty; Nrfupj;J eltbf;if ahTk; ntw;wpfukhf Kbtile;j
NghjpYk; juT Nrfuj;jpy; gy jilfisAk; tiuaiwfisAk; Ma;thsu; re;jpf;f
Neupl;lJ.
1. Nghf;Ftuj;J rpukk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd gpur;rpidahf ,Ue;jJ. rpy
ghlrhiyapy; mjpJ}ug; gpuNjrq;fspy; fhzg;gl;ljdhy; juT Nrfupg;gjpy;
Ma;thsu; gy rpukq;fis vjpu;Nehf;fp ,Ue;jhu;. ghlrhiy Kbe;j gpd;Gk;
juTfis Nrfupg;gjw;fhf gpw;gfy; 5 kzp tiuAk; nrytpl Ntz;ba epiyik
Vw;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; tpdh nfhj;J G+uzkhd Kiwapy; tpil mspf;fg;gl;lJ.
2. ,ij ghlrhiyfs; juT Nrfupj;jiy rpy tiuaiwfs; fhzg;gl;ld. rpy
mjpgu;fs;> gpujp mjpgu;fs;> Mrpupau;fis jpUg;jpg;gLj;Jk; ghq;fpy;
tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspj;jpUe;jdu;. rpyu; ,jw;F khwhf jq;fsJ mjw;F
epiyikapy; epiyikapid $ba msT jq;fs; tpilfs; %yk;
ntspf;fhl;bUe;jik mtu;fSila tpilapypUe;J mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ.
3. rpy mjpgu;fs; jhq;fs; toq;fpa trjpfisAk;> Vw;ghLfisAk; kpifg;gLj;jp
vOjpapUe;jdu;. cz;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghd nra;jpfs;> kpifg;gLj;jy;fs;>
gf;frhu;ghd tpilfs; vd;gtw;iw fhz Kbe;jJ. ,jdhy; Ma;thsupd;
Neubahd mtjhdj;jpd; %yKk;> rpy jdpegu; Mrpupau;fspd; fUj;Jf;fs;
%yKk;> Vidatu;fspd; epahakhd ngUk;ghd;ikf; fUj;Jf;fs; %yKk;
eptu;j;jp nra;a Kbe;jJ.
4. rpy mjpgu;fs;> gpujp mjpgu;fs;> Mrpupau;fs; cz;ikahd tpguq;fisf; $w
jaf;fk; fhl;bdu;> ,t;thW gak; fhuzkhf jaf;fk; fhl;bau;fSf;F Ma;T
Nehf;fj;ijAk;> jutpd; ,ufrpaj; jd;ikiaAk; vLj;Jf;$wp cj;juthjkspj;J
tpsf;fg;gl;ljd;gpd;du; jaf;fkpd;wp jfty;fis toq;fpdu;.
5. NkYk; xU ghlrhiy mjpgu; juTfisr; Nrtpg;gjw;fhf Ma;thsu; Fwpg;gpl;l
jpdj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F mjw;F Kjy; ehs; njhiyNgrpapy; mjpgUld;
njhlu;G nfhz;lNghJ Neuj;ij Ma;thsUf;F tiuaiu nra;jhu;. Ma;tpapd;

12. 12
jiyg;igf; Nfl;lNghJ njhiyNgrpiaj; Jz;bj;J tpl;lhu;. ,jdhy;
Ma;thsu; mtuplk; epiyikia NkYk; vLj;Jf; $Wk; epiyik Vw;gl;lJ.
6. Fwpg;gpl;l ghlrhiyiar; Nru;e;j Mrpupau;fs;> gpujp mjpgu;fs;> mjpgu;fSld;
xNu ehspy; rj;jpg;gJ kpfTk; rpukkhf ,Ue;jJ.
7. gy juTfis mjpgu;fs;> gpujp mjpgu;fs; kiwj;jpUe;jikAk; Neu;Kfk;
fhzypy; xspg;gjpT ehlh ( Tape Recorder ) gad;gLj;j KbahjpUe;jikAk;
,t;tha;tpd;tiuaiwfshf ,Ue;jd.
,t;thwhd epiyikapd; fhuzkhf Ma;thsd; jdJ Ma;T eltbf;ifapd;NghJ
nghJikg;gLj;jf; $ba juTfis ngw Kbahky; ,Ue;jJ. ,jdhy; Ma;tpd;
ek;gfk;> jFjp Mfpait ghjpg;gJ jtpu;f;f Kbahjjhf ,Ue;jJ..