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canning of fruits and vegetables.pptx
1. Principles and Methods of
preservation
โข Food preservation โ Method of prevention of
decay/spoilage of food, thus allowing it to be stored
for future use and fit condition.
โข How to control spoilage ?
โข Methods of Preservation
1. Prevention or delay of microbial decomposition
(asepsis or absence of infection, filtration, low temp,
drying, chemicals or antibiotics, heat radiation
2. Principles and Methods of
preservation
2. Prevention or delay of self-decomposition of food
( Blanching, prevention of oxidation - antioxidant)
3. Prevention of damage by insects, animals,
mechanical causes etc.
Preservation by high Temperature -
3. Canning of F&V
โข Canning is defined as preservation of foods in
hermetically sealed containers and usually
implies heat treatment as the principal factor in
prevention of spoilage.
โข Canning was invented by Nicholas Appert,
โข so also termed as Appertization
4. Principle and Process of Canning
Principle: Destruction of spoilage organisms within the sealed container by means of heat
Process :
1. Selection of F&V
2. Grading
3. Washing- Water, chlorine water, HVT /Steam washing
4. Peeling
5. Cutting
6. Blanching โ It is also known as ------, ------ or -------
(82.2 to 93.5 degree C) โ Soften the tesxture
Disadvantage โ leaching of sugars and pigments- anthocyanin , Fruit lose their colour, flavour and
sugar
7. Cooling : Dip in cold water
8. Filling โ Syruping/Brining
Syruping : Solution of sugar in Water โ Sucrose syrup โ only fruits- 20-55 B
79-82 degree C, leaving a head space-0.3to 0.5 cm
Brining โ 1-3%, 79-82 degree C
5. 9. Exhausting โ removal of air from cans
After filling and lidding or clinching process( lid is partially seamed), exhausting is essential.
Advantages:
โข Corrosion of tin plate and pin holing
โข Minimize the discolourization
โข Better retention of vitamins โ vit-c
โข Prevents bulging of cans โ hot climate/high altitude
โข Prevent stress inside the cans
โข Two Methods- Heating/Mechanically
โข Dip in hot water ( 81-87 degree C)
โข 6-10 min
โข Vaccum closing โ mechanical machines are also available
10. Sealing โ Can sealer ( should notfall below 74 degree C)
11. Processing- fruits and acid veg ( 100 degree C) non acid veg ( 115-121 degree C)-0.7-1.05 kg/cm2) or
10-15 lb/sq inch)
12 Cooling - Cooled rapidly to about 39 Degree C ( prevent stack-burining)
13. Storage