Credenz 2014 Finals

CREDENZ
The Finals
set and conducted by
Kaustubh Deshpande and Ruchik More

Format
• IR 1- 20 Questions
• IR 2-20 Questions
• Round 3- Choose Your Poison
• Round 4-Theme Round

1
• X was an early French aviator and a fighter pilot during World
War I. X achieved the first ever shooting-down of an aircraft by
a fighter firing through a tractor propeller, on 1 April 1915; two
more victories over German aircraft were achieved on 15 and
18 April 1915. On 18 April 1915, either Xs' fuel line clogged or,
by other accounts, his aircraft was downed by ground fire, and
he glided to a landing on the German side of the lines. X failed
to destroy his aircraft completely before being taken prisoner:
most significantly, the gun and armoured propeller remained
intact. Legend has it that after examining the plane, German
aircraft engineers, led by Fokker, designed the improved
interrupter gear system. In fact the work on Fokker's system had
been going for at least six months before Xs' aircraft fell into
their hands. With the advent of the interrupter gear the tables
were turned on the Allies, with Fokker's planes shooting down

2
This is the flag of the Free French Forces during
World War II, led by Charles de Gaulle.
The flag contains the Cross of Lorraine, a
heraldic cross first carried by the Knights
Templar during the Crusades. A variation of the
cross with equally sized arms is also used in the
Catholic Church to denote the office of Cardinal.
Ironically, another variation of the cross was also
depicted in a film as part of the flag of a political
party. Name the political party and the movie.

3
Words X and Y (almost synonymic) both trace their
etymologies back to printing.
X was a printing plate cast from movable type. During
casting, it made sense to cast a phrase used repeatedly as a
single slug of metal. This has been extrapolated in the
literary sense to mean ‘a repeatedly used idea or
expression.’
Y was originally a duplicate impression of an original
typographical element, used for printing instead of the
original. This came to mean ‘an image perpetuated without
change.’

4
• X consists of 23 islands surrounding a deep
229.4-square-mile (594.1 km2) central lagoon,
at the northern end of the Ralik Chain
(approximately 87 kilometers (54 mi) northwest
of Ailinginae Atoll and 850 kilometers (530 mi)
northwest of Majuro). Within X, Y is the
northeastern most and largest islet, measuring 4
kilometers (2.5 mi) long. The first Westerner to
see X, in the mid-1820s, was the Russian
captain and explorer Otto von Kotzebue. Y
became famous because of a certain act of

5
• 9.77 Asafa Powell, August 18, 2006, Zurich
• 9.77 _____ _______ June 11, 2006, Gateshead
• 9.77 _____ _______ June 14 2005, Athens
• 9.79 Maurice Greene, June 16, 1999, Doha
• 9.84 Tyson Gay, August 18, 2006 Zürich
• 9.84 Bruby Surin, August 22, 1999 Seville
• 9.84 Donovan Bailey, June 27, 1996, Atlanta
• 9.85 Olusoji Fasuba, May 12, 2006 Doha
• 9.85 Leroy Burell, July 6, 1994 Lausanne
• 9.86 Francis Obikwelu August 22, 2004 Athens
• 9.86 Ato Boldon, April 19, 1998 Walnut
• 9.86 Frankie Fredericks, July 3, 1996 Lausanne
• 9.86 Carl Lewis, August 25, 1991 Tokyo

6
•If the Rudra Veena is named after
Lord Shiva and the Saraswati
Veena is named after Goddess
Saraswati, why is Ekantha Veena
named so?

• Ekantha Veena is named so because the entire
instrument is build with wood from a single tree, more
specifically, a single jackfruit tree.

7
•France’s greatest historical rivals are
often considered to be England or
Germany. Yet, for a time, this nation was
arguably its greatest opponent. At its
height during the 15th century, it was one
of the richest and most powerful states in
Europe. It’s rivalry with France knew no
bounds—from betraying Joan of Arc to
the English, to fighting on foreign soil
during the War of the Roses.

8
•The maxim that
‘___________________' is most
often cited these days in articles in
the British right-wing press that
bemoan the apparent undermining
of the perceived principle that a
man can do as he pleases in his
own house, which they hold up as
an ancient right.

9
•Sue Hendrickson, discovered the most
complete and until 2001, the largest
known X in the Hell Creek
Formation near Faith, South Dakota, on 12
August 1990. This X, was the object of a
legal battle over its ownership. In 1997
this was settled in favor of Maurice
Williams, the original land owner. X was
then purchased by Field Museum of
Natural History at auction for USD 7.6

T- Rex fossil. The largest one found till that
date.Almost 85% was intact.

10
• Left behind at the NATO summit conference by Bill
Clinton
•
• Left on board Air Force One in Paris when Gerald
Ford arrived at economic summit
• Jimmy Carter left the contents in his suit when it was
sent to the dry cleaners
• Separated from Ronald Reagan when he was shot in
1981
• What is being talked about here?

The suitcase containing the
nuclear codes.

11
•The sport being referred to as X preceded
the first recorded instance of it being
called by the singular word Y by about 18
years, with the latter happening when it
became more popular with the middle and
lower class. When that happened, the term
Y gradually began dominating over X and
the then official name Association Y. The
word X is actually British. It derives from
the game's proper name, Association Y.

12
• Nigel Bruce
• André Morell
• Robert Duvall
• Donald Houston
• Colin Blakely
• James Mason
• Ian Hart
• Gareth David-Lloyd
• Vitaly Solomin
• Jude Law
• David Burke
• Edward Hardwicke
• Howard Marion-Crawford
• Andrei Panin
• ???

Ernest Hemmingway’s Nobel
acceptance speech.

15
•X was regarded as one of the greatest and
most influential directors of all time. His
films, typically adaptations of novels or
short stories, are noted for their
"dazzling" and unique cinematography,
attention to detail in the service of
realism, and the evocative use of music.
His film in 1968 broke new grounds and
is considered one of the most innovative
film of all time. This film was recently

Audience Question
Silhouette of ?

1
•A large portion of the $14 Million
budget of the 1981 WWII drama
Das Boot (The Boat) was spent on
building 3 scale model U-boats.
The same year, these boats were
rented off for filming the first
movie in a franchise that involved
Nazis hunting X that would make

2
• Myosotis ("mouse's ear") is a genus of
flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae that
are commonly called _________.
• In a German legend, God named all the plants
when a tiny unnamed one cried out,
"_________, O Lord!" God replied, "That shall
be your name."
• Henry IV adopted the flower as his symbol
during his exile in 1398, and retained the
symbol upon his return to England the
following year. It was often worn by ladies as a
sign of faithfulness and enduring love.

3
This is a photo from the upcoming movie
“Pawn Sacrifice”. What is this movie based on
?

4
• X is a ward within the council constituency of
Selly Oak and home to the X Centre for Visual
Arts. Research by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation
has claimed that it is "one of the nicest places to
live in Britain". Originally the area that was to
become X consisted of a few scattered farmsteads
and cottages, linked by winding country lanes,
with the only visual highlight being the Georgian
built ______brook Hall. Two people needed a site
which was undeveloped and had easy access to
both canal and rail. They named the region X and
began to develop their factory in the new suburb.

6
X as slang.
1) Slang originating in the early
1800s for stolen goods or booty.
2) Slang originating from the
Scottish slang word _______ which
was a description of the way some
Scots walk (in a swaying motion). The
word was altered in the English
language to mean "the way one

8
• Terry Venables who has managed several club
sides including Tottenham Hotspurs and Leeds
United in England and Barcelona in Spain used
this formation while in charge of Hotspurs. It
was used by England in Euro 96, where they
reached the semi-finals. Since then, it has lost
its popularity in England. It is, however, most
known for being used by Carlo Ancelotti during
his time at AC Milan. This formation has a
popular name and used by the media to refer to
it.

9
These characters mark the entry of someone into the world
of cartoons. Whose ?

10.
•B , also known by other names, is a
traditional Asian game in which players
aim to keep a heavily
weighted shuttlecock in the air by using
their bodies, apart from the hands. The
game is played on a court similar
to badminton and volleyball, or be played
artistically, among a circle of players in a
street or park, with the objective to keep
the shuttle 'up' and show off skills.

11
• __________ lies in his lair in the perpendicular face of a low
cliff — for he is carved from the living rock of the cliff. His size
is colossal, his attitude is noble. His head is bowed, the broken
spear is sticking in his shoulder, his protecting paw rests upon
the lilies of France. Vines hang down the cliff and wave in the
wind, and a clear stream trickles from above and empties into a
pond at the base, and in the smooth surface of the pond the lion
is mirrored, among the water-lilies.
Around about are green trees and grass. The place is a sheltered,
reposeful woodland nook, remote from noise and stir and
confusion — and all this is fitting, for lions do die in such
places, and not on granite pedestals in public squares fenced
with fancy iron railings. ______________ would be impressive
anywhere, but nowhere so impressive as where he is.

12
•To protect Earth from an alien race
known as Greys, Rigellian
Recorder 451 genetically
engineered a baby to accelerate the
his technological growth for the
moment they would need to face
the Greys. Years later, this baby
would grow up to use his abilities

13
•Monte Kaolino is a ski-resort in
Hirschau, Germany. It is a very
special tourist attraction because of
being the only such ski-resort in the
world. What makes this so special?

It is a sand dune where Ski-resort
is built.

14
The holding company for this stadium approached WG
Grace in 1898 to be the captain, manager and secretary of
a new cricket club. Grace promptly left Gloucestershire and
ran the club for 10 years before it folded.
The stadium was used by a professional football club from
1905, but they were kicked out by the Admiralty 10 years
later during World War I. That club now wants the stadium
back after spending nearly a century at the stadium of their
erstwhile local rivals, who folded in 1921.
It has also hosted athletics, rugby union, basketball,
American Football as well as motor racing. What stadium?

15
Connect
• Relapse
• Claw
• Phone
• Self
• Door
• Arthritis
• Motility
(List is exhaustive but incomplete.)

High Fives in How I Met Your Mother

Audience Question
• X was an English writer, poet, philologist, and
university professor. He was Rawlinson and
Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at
Pembroke College, Oxford, from 1925 to 1945
and Merton Professor of English Language and
Literature there from 1945 to 1959. He was at
one time a member of the informal literary
discussion group known as the Inklings. Forbes
ranked him the 5th top-earning dead celebrity in
2009. Identify X.

INDIAN
RAILWAYS
THE 27 CLUB
POPULAR
BRITISH
AUTHORS
TATA
GAME OF
THRONES
CAPITAL CITIES
NORSE
MYTHOLOGY
FIFA WORLD
CUP

1
• This famous junction’s name, meaning “Snake Temple,” comes
from two words. The town is situated close to the tip of the
Indian peninsula, locked with the Western Ghats on all sides.
The western line of this junction runs through some huge
artificial ground-elevations and a number of hill-tunnels. The
town was a part of the erstwhile Travancore state, till almost a
decade after the Indian independence in 1947. It is the best-
managed municipality in the state with a functional e-
governance system and the best city planned and citizen
oriented corporation in its state, given its large population
of Non-Resident Indians. Id the place.

2
Name the site where it is constructed.

Although some relations were initially
noticed, it was not until the death of N
,about two and a half decades later after the
last occurred ,that the idea of a “27 Club”
was spread in the public perception.
According to N’s biographer, the growing
importance of the media- internet,
Television and magazines and the response
to an interview of N’s mother were jointly
responsible for such theories. An excerpt
from a statement that she made -“Now he's
gone and joined that stupid club. I told him

• X was a Welsh singer, songwriter and guitarist,
primarily recognized for having been the lead
singer/composer of the '70s rock group Y.
During the Warner Bros. Records era from
1973–75, Y became embroiled in many internal,
financial, and managerial problems and their
music was stifled. By 1975, with no income and
the band's business manager uncommunicative,
X became despondent and he hanged himself in
the garage of his Surrey home, just three days
before his 28th birthday. News of X's death was
not widely disseminated at the time, as no
public comment was made by Warner Bros.

•Z was a spy and a World War II flying ace.
He once fought six enemy planes while
flying solo. In another battle, he helped
reduce twenty-two German planes into
useless hunks of smoking metal. He was a
Wing Commander and a verified flying
ace by the time he was invalided out of the
Royal Air Force. Z’s short stories are
known for their unexpected endings and
his children's books for their
unsentimental, often very dark humour.

•Whilst the writer had hoped for a simple,
private burial at Rochester Cathedral in
Kent he was buried in the South Transept
of Westminster Abbey, known as Poets’
corner, and bestowed with the following
epitaph: "To the Memory of
___________(England's most popular
author) who died at his residence,
Higham, near Rochester, Kent, 9 June
1870, aged 58 years. He was a
sympathiser with the poor, the suffering,

•TCS, the leading IT services,
consulting and business solutions
organization from India in
collaboration with X Aramco and GE
announced to launch the first all-
female business process services
Centre in Y, the Kingdom of X.

• This is one of the many possible explanations given for the
origin of ___________.
• Though there is no official significance to its Indian context,
one of the urban legend goes like…
• In the early days, most of the trucks in India were manufactured
by the TATA Group. During these times, Tata Oil Mills Ltd. Co
(TOMCO) came up with product called X. And in order to
market their product they used the motor medium very
effectively by painting X. This brand had a symbol in the shape
of a lotus flower. Thus it became “_____X________”.

TATA OK detergent, Horn OK Please

• In 2013, researchers discovered a new species of sea slug off the
coast of Brazil. Marine biologists Felipe de Vasconcelos Silva,
Victor Manuel De Azevedoa and Helena Matthews-Cascona
were struck by the similarity between the creature’s pale yellow
fronds and the silvery braids of this Game of Thrones’
character. In honour of the character, the team decided to name
their new find Tritonia ________. Silva observed that the
animal, a member of the Tritoniidae family, has a silver strand
on its back that is especially reminiscent of the character’s hair
“in the last episode of the first season of the show.”

• An excerpt from a interview with co-creator David Benioff-
"His response was, 'Well, that's the only way I've ever imagined
this could be done, because the movie couldn't possibly do it.
They'd have to cut everything out,' " said Benioff. It helped that
Martin was a huge fan of HBO series like "Rome" and
"Deadwood," added Benioff.
"Right around the time of dessert, he hit us with this question,
which I realized as soon as he asked it, this is the big test
question," says Benioff. "And the question was:
______________________? Which hadn't yet been revealed in
the books.“
___ _____ was a key character, and Benioff guessed correctly.
• "He was quiet for a long time, stroking his beard. And he said,
yeah, you got it. And from that point on, we were partners."

• There are several explanations about the name of this city. All
agree that “X“(first part of the name) refers to the hill situated
across the Bay of _________, but there is disagreement about the
etymological origin of the “Y“(the second part) part.
• Some of the possible etymological roots are given below…
• 1) This hypothesis comes from the "Diario de Navegación"
(Navigational Calendar) of boatswain Francisco de Albo, member
of the expedition of Fernando de Magellan's, who wrote, "we were
on the straits of Cape Santa Maria, from where the coast runs east
to west, and the terrain is sandy, and at the right of the cape there
is a mountain like a hat to which we gave the name “_________"."
This is the oldest document that mentions the promontory with a
name similar to the one that designates the city.
• 2) "I saw a mount“ is the most widespread belief but is rejected by
the majority of experts, who consider it unlikely because it
involves a mix of dialects.
• 3) a less widespread hypothesis of a religious origin, stems from
an interpolation in the Diario de Navegación of Fernando de Albo,
where it is asserted and referred to the hat-like mount which they
named Mount Y. Saint Ovidius was the third bishop of the
Portuguese city of Braga, where he was always revered; a
monument to him was erected there in 1505. Given the

‘A’ remained the royal capital for 73 years—from 1432 to 1505.
It was abandoned for 360 years—from 1505 to 1865—by
subsequent kings due to internal fighting between the royal
pretenders. Later kings moved the capital several times and
established their royal capitals at various locations in Tuol
Basan, Pursat, Longvek, Lavear Em and Udong.
• It was not until 1866, under the reign of King Norodom
I (1860–1904) the eldest son of King Ang Duong, who ruled on
behalf of Siam, that ‘A’ became the permanent seat of
government and capital of ‘B’, and also where the current Royal
Palace was built.
• ‘A’ was also previously known as "City of Four Faces". This
name refers to the junction where the Mekong, Bassac,
and Tonle Sap rivers cross to form an "X" where the capital is
situated.
• Id the capital city.

• A was a god with a penchant for gold, and guarded the burning
rainbow bridge Bifrost that led to Asgard, where all the Norse
gods lived. The son of nine mothers, he was born at the end of
the world and raised by the force of the earth, seawater and the
blood of a boar. His hearing is so accurate that no sound escapes
him: he can even hear the grass grow or the wool on a sheep's
back. At the final conflict of Ragnarok he will kill his age-old
enemy, the evil god B, but will die himself from his wounds.
B is one of the major deities in the Norse pantheon. He is
regarded as one of Aesir and is connected with fire and magic,
and can assume many different shapes. B's mistress is the
giantess Angrboda, and with her he is the father of three
monsters.

• The original Germanic god of war and the patron god of justice,
the precursor of Odin. At the time of the Vikings, Y had to make
way for Odin, who became the god of war himself. Y was by
then regarded as Odin's son. He is the boldest of the gods, who
inspires courage and heroism in battle. Y is represented as a
man with one hand, because his right hand was bitten off by the
gigantic wolf Fenrir . His attribute is a spear; the symbol of
justice, as well as a weapon. This god is identified with Mars
after whom Tuesday is named.

• After seeing his dream of making a strong challenge for
the World Cup fizzle into the air, X said he wants Y to win the
trophy.
• According to X, he was fired up for the tournament with Z but
internal wrangling within the team affected their performance as
they failed to win a single match.
• “It was crazy but now that its over, we have to concentrate on
the immediate future. I couldn’t win it this time with Z but I am
hoping Y does it.
• W.r.t. World Cup 2014, Id X , Y and Z.

X- Kevin Prince Boateng Y- Jerome
Boateng Z- Ghana

All these teams knocked out the
defending champions in the group stage.

THEME ROUND
1st set – 7 questions
2nd set – 6 questions

1
• X is one of the 18 first class county cricket
clubs which make up the English and Welsh
national cricket structure. The club's limited
overs team is called the ____Spitfires after
the Supermarine Spitfire. ____County Cricket
Club’s official mascot is Victa the horse.
Victa represents Horsa, the horse which
features in the ____ County Council arms,
which is closely associated with the ____
county motto, Invicta, which has been used for
centuries.

2
• The "Travolta dress" , one of the most famous
dresses once owned by Y, was worn for the first time at
a gala dinner at the White House in November 1985. It
is named after the American actor John Travolta.
Designed by London-born Victor Edelstein, the
Travolta dress is an off-the-shoulder midnight
blue velvet evening gown. It was inspired by
Edwardian fashion, giving it a "slight sweep of
costume drama". The journalist Jackie Modlinger
described it as "dramatic in style" and "regal in fabric".
Y?

3
• Plato's dialogues Timaeus and Critias, written in 360 BC, contain the
earliest references to ________. Plato introduced _______ in
Timaeus.
For it is related in our records how once upon a time your State stayed
the course of a mighty host, which, starting from a distant point in the
Atlantic ocean, was insolently advancing to attack the whole of
Europe, and Asia to boot. For the ocean there was at that time
navigable; for in front of the mouth which you Greeks call, as you
say, 'the pillars of Heracles,' there lay an island which was larger than
Libya and Asia together; and it was possible for the travellers of that
time to cross from it to the other islands, and from the islands to the
whole of the continent over against them which encompasses that
veritable ocean. For all that we have here, lying within the mouth of
which we speak, is evidently a haven having a narrow entrance; but
that yonder is a real ocean, and the land surrounding it may most
rightly be called, in the fullest and truest sense, a continent. Now in
this island of ________there existed a confederation of kings, of great

4
• William West Anderson is an American actor. Having a
distinctive voice, he built a career doing voice-over work on a
number of animated series including appearances on The
Simpsons, Futurama, Rugrats, The Critic, Histeria!, Kim
Possible, Johnny Bravo. Since 2000,he has made regular
appearances on the animated series Family Guy, on which he
plays Mayor _______, the lunatic mayor of Quahog, Rhode
Island. This role has given him a new wave of popularity. In
2010, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk
of Stars was dedicated to him. He received a star on
the Hollywood Walk of Fame on April 5, 2012. His star is
located at 6764 Hollywood Blvd in front of the Guinness
Museum in Hollywood, California.
• He is better known by his stage name __________.

5
The film was originally going to be called Red Dragon, like the
novel. Michael Mann, who called the new title "inferior", said
that producer Dino De Laurentiis made the change after Michael
Cimino's film Year of the Dragon, produced by De
Laurentiis, bombed at the box office in 1985. William Petersen
has commented that another reason for the change was to avoid
any suggestion that it might be a karate movie. "At the
time, Bruce Lee was knocking out Dragon movies, and Dino, in
his wisdom, decided people would think it was a Kung-Fu
movie", he later recalled. Brian Cox also expressed disdain for
the film's title, calling it "bland" and "cheesy". Opening to mixed
reviews, it fared poorly at the box office at the time of its release,
making only $8.6 million in the United States. However, it has
been reappraised in more recent reviews and now enjoys a more
favourable reception, as both the acting and the stylized visuals
have been appreciated better in later years.

To provide Flash during Photography

1
• Cricket at the X began in 1882 when the Pickwick Cricket
Club assumed formal ownership of the ground. The first international
match held was in 1895 when Slade Lucas' side visited the island. The
first Test match was held in January 1930. The stands of the X were
extensively rebuilt in a (US$45 Million) redevelopment. Demolition
of the old stadium began on schedule in June, 2005 after completion
of the first Test against Pakistan. The names of the former stands
which made up the stadium were the George Challenor stand, the Hall
and Griffith, the X, the Mitchie Hewitt, the Pickwick, and the Three
Ws stand plus the Peter Short Media Centre. Most of these names
have been retained.
• The X has also hosted many non-cricket events such as matches of
the national football team, hockey, inter-school athletics, Miss
_______ pageants, and concert events. The ground also has a jumbo
TV screen and also a Jacuzzi area, for fans to watch while relaxing in
the pool (similar to Chase Field in Phoenix, Arizona). Behind this is a

2
• Who is Mourinho in his usual style referring to in mid May
2014:-
• "I listened to the interview, there was nothing critical in what he
said. When the comments come from a player like X it's normal
because he's not the kind of player to sacrifice himself for the
team.
• "Normally you get these kind of comments from players like
him, from players that can't resolve a problem like in the first
goal.
• “X is the kind of player who is not so mentally ready to look
back to his left-back and to leave his life for him.
• "If you see the first goal of Atletico you completely understand
where the mistake was and why the goal was conceded.
• "The perfect team at the top level cannot make these kinds of
mistakes."

3
• Reaching India shortly after the suppression of the frontier risings of 1897–1898,Y paid special
attention to the independent tribes of the north-west frontier, inaugurated a new province called
the North West Frontier Province, and pursued a policy of forceful control mingled with
conciliation. The only major armed outbreak on this frontier during the period of his
administration was the Mahsud-Waziri campaign of 1901.
• In the context of the Great Game between the British and Russian Empires for control of
Central Asia, he held deep mistrust of Russian intentions. This led him to encourage British
trade in Persia, and he paid a visit to the Persian Gulf in 1903. Y argued for an exclusive British
presence in the Gulf, a policy originally proposed by John Malcolm. The British government
was already making agreements with local sheikhs/tribal leaders along the Persian Gulf coast to
this end. Y had convinced his government to establish Britain as the unofficial protector of
Kuwait with the Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement of 1899. The Lansdowne Declaration in 1903 stated
that the British would counter any other European power's attempt to establish a military
presence in the Gulf. Only four years later this position was abandoned and the Persian Gulf
declared a neutral zone in the Anglo-Russian Agreement of 1907, prompted in part by the high
economic cost of defending India from Russian advances.
• At the end of 1903, Y sent a British expedition to Tibet under Francis Young husband,
ostensibly to forestall a Russian advance. After bloody conflicts with Tibet's poorly armed
defenders, the mission penetrated to Lhasa, where a treaty was signed in September 1904. No
Russian presence was found in Lhasa.
• During his tenure, Y also undertook the restoration of the Taj Mahal, and expressed satisfaction
that he had done so.
• Within India, Y appointed a number of commissions to inquire into education, irrigation, police
and other branches of administration, on whose reports legislation was based during his second

4
• After the Group Areas Act was scrapped in 1991, A was
affected by urban blight. Thousands of poor, who were
forbidden to live in the proper city, as they moved into the city
from surrounding townships like Soweto and many immigrants
from economically beleaguered nations around its country
flooded into the country and eventually into this city. Many
buildings were abandoned by landlords, especially in high-
density areas, such as Hillbrow. Many corporations and
institutions, including the stock exchange, moved their
headquarters away from the city centre, to suburbs like Sandton.
• Drastic measures have been taken to reduce crime in the city.
These measures include closed-circuit television on street
corners. As of 11 December 2008, every street corner in A
central is under high-tech CCTV surveillance. The CCTV
system, operated by the A Metropolitan Police Department, is
also able to detect stolen or hijacked vehicles by scanning the
number plates of every vehicle travelling through the Central
business district (CBD), then comparing them to the eNaTIS
database. It claims that the average response time by police for

5
• Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq, was a prominent Bengali statesman in
the first half of the 20th century. Throughout his long
political career, he held many important political positions-
including that of General Secretary of the Indian National
• Congress (1916–1918), President of the All India Muslim
League (1918), the first Muslim Mayor of Calcutta (1935),
Prime Minister of undivided Bengal(1937–1943), Chief
Minister and Governor of East Pakistan (1954–1955)
and Home Minister of Pakistan (1955–1956). He founded the
social democratic Agriculturalist Tenant Party in British India,
which campaigned for the abolition of the zamindari system set
by the permanent settlement ; and the economic, political and
social emancipation of Bengali Muslims. Huq was one of the
first major populist leaders in Muslim world in the last century,
and a key figure in the emergence of the modern state
of Bangladesh.He was popular in Bengal as in India, with a
particular title conferred to him for his work in Bengal

6
• X met with less success in dealing with Sri Lanka's civil war. When
he assumed office, he faced a rebellion in the south from the
hardline Sinhala-nationalist, Marxist Janatha Vimukthi
Peramuna (JVP). The security forces brutally put down the revolt and
killed many of its leaders. In the north, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil
Eelam were facing off against the Indian Peace-Keeping Force. The
Indian presence on the island was unpopular, and X requested India to
leave. In order to force IPKF to leave the island, he authorized a
clandestine operation to supply arms to LTTE according to the report
published by the Sri Lankan Presidential commission to inquire into
the 1992 assassination of one of the senior most officers in the Sri
Lankan army. The inquiry also found that X ordered clandestine
supply of arms to LTTE. In the end, LTTE massacred 774 policemen
using the same weapons he had given to LTTE (the policemen were
asked to surrender to LTTE in Batticaloa at X's request).After the
IPKF left in 1990, the government's war with the LTTE resumed, and

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