Fluorosis is a disease caused by deposition of fluorides in the hard and soft tissues of the body. It is usually characterised by discoloration of teeth and crippling disorders of fluorine, duration and level of exposure.

1. FLUORISIS IN ANDHRA PRADESH
SUBMITTED BY;
T. SAI KRISHNA 318106101020
P. DIMPLE 318106101021
SK. SHABNAM 318106101023
P. HEMILA 318106101037

2. What is Fluorosis?
• Fluorosis is a disease caused by deposition of
fluorides in the hard and soft tissues of the
body.
• It is usually characterised by discoloration of
teeth and crippling disorders of fluorine,
duration and level of exposure.

3. Clinical Picture of flurosis
• Dental fluorosis in Children
• Skeletal fluorosis in Adults
• Genu Valgum
• Non skeletal fluorosis
These are the typical diesease due to flourosis

4. Dental fluorisis

5. Dental Fluorosis is a painless cosmetic condition. If a child
has developed Dental Fluorosis, the appearance of the
tooth enamel will change, usually becoming stained with
white "splotches" or "streaking."
The majority of cases are mild and do not permanently
damage teeth, and severe cases of fluorosis are not
common. However, signs of severe fluorosis include:
•Brown spots on tooth enamel
•Pitting of the enamel
•Permanent damage to the tooth enamel

6. Skeletal Fluorosis
• >10 mg/L fluorine content.
• Deposition of fluoride in Bone (sclerosis)
• It affects young as well as old. The symptoms
include severe pain and stiffness in the
backbone, joints and rigidity in hip bones.
• X- ray thickening and high density of bones,
Calcified ligaments of spine (poker back),
Tendinous insertions of ms ossified (Rose
Thorn)
• Construction of vertebral canal and inter-
vertebral foramen- pressure on nerves leads
to paralysis.

7. Genu valgum
• Reported in AP and TN
• Crippling of lower limb
• Seen in people whose stable diet is SORGRAM/JOWAR-promotes
higher retention of fluorine in body

8. Non Skeletal Fluorosis
• Non-ulcer dyspeptic complaints are manifested by consuming
high F in water and food.
• Infertility due to oligospermia and azoospermia is commonly seen
in fluorotic belts.

9. An epidemiological study on fluorosis in an
urban slum area of Nalgonda, Andhra
Pradesh, India.
Fluorosis is an important public health problem in
certain parts of India. Nalgonda is one of the fluorosis
endemic districts of Andhra Pradesh.
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the
prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis in Panagal,
one of the urban slum areas of Nalgonda town of
Andhra Pradesh.
265 individuals residing in 92 households of five
colonies of Panagal were selected by multi-stage
random sampling.

11. Fluorosis, the scourge of Nalgonda, is now affecting the
fourth generation of people in the region. Scores of school-
going children have shown signs of dental fluorosis. If not
taken care of, the kids will go on to suffer skeletal fluorosis
and become crippled for life. Instances of neurological
fluorosis are plenty in all age groups. For decades,
politicians have harped on about tackling the problem but
a ground reality check shows the problem has remained
unchecked with the situation becoming frightening for
children.

12. • Fuorosis Vimukthi Porata Samithi, an NGO, is working to identify
and help fluorosis victims and to bring the victims’ suffering to the
notice of the government. “Fluorosis is like slow poison. It kills you
over time.
• The effects of having consumed water with fluoride content show
up 12 years later,” he said explaining the large number of people
who suffer from the condition in Nalgonda and the high rate of
deaths.

13. Fluorosis was assessed by standard clinical methods and
water samples were tested for fluoride level.
It was observed that mean fluoride level in ground water
samples in the area was 4.01 mg/l and that of
Nagarjunsagar water was 0.74 mg/l.
The mean age of the study subjects in the area was 34.73
years.
The overall prevalence of skeletal fluorosis was 24.9% and
that of dental fluorosis was 30.6%.
.

14. The study found that the mean fluoride level in the
groundwater samples in the area was 4.01 mg/l and that of
the Nagarjunasagar water was considerable lower at 0.74
mg/l.
The overall presence of skeletal fluorosis was 24.9% and that
of dental fluorosis was 30.6%.
Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the
people of Panagal area of Nalgonda were getting safe water
with permissible levels of fluoride from the Nagarjunsagar
dam.
The paper ends by highlighting the importance of the study
and the usefulness of information on levels of fluoride in the
drinking water and the prevalence of dental and skeletal
fluorosis for future monitoring through follow-up studies

15. Prevention
• Changing water source
• From ground water (wells) to surface
water (river)
• Avoiding fluoride; Use of fluoride tooth
paste for children upto age 7
• De-Fluoridation - Nalgonda Technique
• Others : high intake of vitamin C and
calcium also helps reduce the problem.
• Avoid some like – Rock Salt, Black salt
(kalanamak),tea, salted snacks inn pickle
smeared with black
salt,;(hajmola,hingoli)

17. Thank you….