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ラビットチャレンジレポート 
応用数学
2021/6月
線形代数#1
〇逆行列とは
自身との積を取ることで単位行列 Iとなる行列
〇逆行列の求め方-掃き出し法-
行基本変形により単位行列になるように変形
〇逆行列が存在しない条件
行列式=0
|A|=0
行列式=平行四辺形の面積が 0ととらえると理解しやすい
〇逆行式の求め方
次元が大きい場合、余因子展開により求める
線形代数#2
〇固有値と固有ベクトル
ある行列Aに対して以下のような式が成り立つような特殊なベクトル xと右辺の係数λをそれぞれ固有ベクトル、固
有値という
〇固有値と固有ベクトルの求め方
以下の式を満たすλ(=固有値)を求める
固有値λを代入したときに得られるベクトル要素間の関係を求める
例:x1=x2 であれば(1,1)が固有ベクトル。
線形代数#3
〇固有値分解
正方行列Aに対し固有値、固有ベクトルを持つとき、固有値を対角線上に並べた行列と対応する固有ベクト
ルを並べた行列を使って三つの行列の積に分解できる
〇特異値分解
正方行列以外も固有値分解に似たことができる。
なる単位ベクトルがあれば特異値分解できる
確率統計#1
〇条件付き確率
ある事業が与えられた下である事象が発生する確率
〇独立な事象の同時確率
因果関係のない事象が同時に発生する確率
〇ベイズ則
確率統計#2
〇期待値
その分布における確率変数の平均 orありえそうな値
〇分散
データの散らばり具合
〇共分散
二つのデータ系列の傾向の違い
正:似た傾向
負:逆の傾向
ゼロ:関係性に乏しい
情報理論#1
〇自己情報量
対数の底が2の時、単位はビット(bit)、ネイピアのeの時、単位はnat
〇シャノンエントロピー (微分エントロピー)
自己情報量の期待値
〇カルバック・ライブラー ダイバージェンス (KLダイバージェンス)
同じ事象・確率変数における異なる確率分布 P,Qの違いを表す
情報理論#2
〇交差エントロピー
KLダイバージェンスの一部分を取り出したもの
Qについて自己情報量を Pの分布で平均している

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Rabitt challenge mathematics