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1. A Comparison of
British
and Japanese
Railways
L130943
Takahiro Yamada

2. Thesis Chapters List
❖ Introduction - the birth of the railways
❖ Early British railways and the Industrial Revolution
❖ Early Japanese Railways and the Meiji era
❖ Future Railways
❖ Conclusion - the railways for the future

3. Presentation Topics
❖ Thesis Purpose & Introduction
❖ Situation of the railways in Hokkaido
❖ Are new Shinkansen needed TRULY?
❖ Conclusion

4. Thesis Purpose &
Introduction
❖ Today, railways are essential for our daily lives.
→ ex. Transporting individuals or materials.

5. ❖ There are two countries whose railways are so much
developed.
→Britain and Japan
• The FIRST railway in the world was built in Britain.
→Then, railways played an important role to develop
the British economy, especially in Industrial Revolution.
• Japan has an high technology of building or maintaining
railways.
→For example, Shinkansen.

6. Two important points of my thesis are……
① Showing how railways made two countries (Britain and
Japan) as a strong country in the world.
② Considering about what can railways do for the society
of this 21st century.

7. ❖ For Today’s Presentation….
• I will speak about the third topic of the thesis
→ “Future Railways”
• With showing the situation which the railways in
Hokkaido face to and building new Shinkansen.
Let’s Begin!

8. Situation of the railways in
Hokkaido
Introduction
❖ Japan is now becoming as a society of decreasing birth
rate and aging population.
❖ And also, underpopulation is advancing…
• This situation is particularly seen in rural areas such as
in Kyushu, Shikoku, Tohoku, and Hokkaido.

9. Think about…
① Railways company get the profits from the train fee which
passengers paid
② If the number of the people who live near the stations
decreases….
③ The passengers who use train lines will decrease!
④ The profit of the railways company decreases.
❖ This problem becomes so serious in Hokkaido!

11. The percentage change of population
in Hokkaido
❖ This Photo shows the
percentage change of
population in Hokkaido from
2005 to 2010.
❖ Based on the statistics which
the Ministry of Public
Management did.

12. The percentage change of population
in Hokkaido
❖ Red shows that the population
increased.
❖ Blue shows that the population
decreased.

14. Railways lines in Hokkaido
and how many people used them
❖ This Photo shows the all lines
of railways in Hokkaido.

15. Railways lines in Hokkaido
and how many people used them
❖ The color of the line shows that
how many people were used
the railway lines each day.
① Black: more than 8,000.
② Blue: from 4,000 to 8,000.
③ Yellow: from 500 to 4,000.
④ Red: less than 500.

16. ❖ The lines which go through the areas where so many
people lives transport more than 8,000 people.
❖ But the lines which do the areas where the population
decreases transport less than 500 people.

17. ❖ JR Hokkaido said that there is the difficulty to maintain
the lines which transport less than 500 people each day
by its own power.
❖ So, now JR Hokkaido thinking about these lines that
whether it will be abolished or changed to the bus line or
not.
❖ But, why JR Hokkaido in such a serious situation?
→ There are two big reasons…

18. First reason : Streamlining
The number of
passengers decreases
The number of
trains reduced
The people who live near
to the station feel inconvenient.
People starts
using their own cars or buses. Minus Spiral

19. Second reason : Climate
❖ In winter, so many snow falls in Hokkaido.
• It approaches -20 degrees and 2 meters
depth of the snow.
❖ JR Hokkaido have to get rid of the snow on
the railroad. Photo by Naoki Harukaze
❖ JR Hokkaido has 3176km long railroad lines in total.
• Most of them are located in the area where the so many snow falls.
• JR Hokkaido have to do the maintenance in all the distance.
It costs tremendous money!!!

20. ❖ The fight against the snow particularly occurs in
Hokkaido.
• JR Kyushu, Shikoku, West (except Sanin and Hokuriku
region) and Tokai has no fight against to snow.
• JR East has Tohoku region but it is not so hard
compared to Hokkaido.
Hokkaido has a handicap of the climate…

21. Seeing these facts…
❖ Is there anyway of that railways in Hokkaido can
survive?
① Transporting materials
② Winter

22. Transporting materials
❖ There are so many roads with so many curves and go over
mountains.
• But, railways go through mountains by tunnel.
• Cargo train is so much faster than trucks!
❖ What is more, Cargo train can transport tremendous amount of
materials in one time!
❖ Also, Hokkaido railways is connected to Honshu with Seikan Tunnel.
❖ Cargo train may becomes as “the ship on the ground” for Hokkaido.
Cargo train may be the savior for the railways in Hokkaido.

23. Winter
❖ Winter and the heavy snow is the strong enemy for
railways in Hokkaido.
• But it is the same thing for the road, too!
• If heavy snow falls, so many roads are closed, or if it can
be go through, the risk of the traffic accident increases.
❖ Although, the railroads are maintained correctly, trains
can go through on them!
The railways can be relied on when winter comes.

24. Are new Shinkansen needed
truly?
❖ There is a fresh memory that the Hokkaido Shinkansen (from
Shin-Aomori to Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto) started service on March
26th this year.
❖ Also, Hokuriku Shinkansen (from Nagano to Kanazawa) started
service on March 14th last year.

25. ❖ The law of National Shinkansen Railways Preparation
• Established in 1975.
• As the name shows, it decides to make Shinkansen railways
to boost the movement of individuals.
① Tohoku Shinkansen (from Morioka to Aomori)
② Hokkaido Shinkansen (from Aomori to Sapporo)
③ Hokuriku Shinkansen (from Tokyo to Osaka via Kanazawa)
④ Kyushu Shinkansen (from Hakata to Kagoshima)
⑤ Kyushu Shinkansen (from Hakata to Nagasaki)

26. The Comparison…
1975 2016
High Economic growth
Economic Crisis since
Bankruptcy of Lehman
brothers
Tremendous Money! Not so much money…
Future is bright! Future is dark…
Everything goes great! Everything gonna be bad…
Situation is completely different!
But New Shinkansen lines are building!

27. First Fear : Political Strategy
Politician : I will attract the new Shinkansen line here!
Local People : Yeah!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Politician : Please vote for me in next election!!!
Local people : Yes! Of course!!
After the election……
Politician : I won the election! So much money comes in!
And the new Shinkansen will be built!
Is it Okay that the Shinkansen is used as the political strategy?

28. Second Fear : Change of the
Region
❖ The local line which goes side by side of the new
Shinkansen line will be relegated to the Third Sector.
• The service it used to be is completely changed and the
new one becomes inconvenient.
• ex. Hokuriku Shinkansen and Third Sector.

29. ❖ Straw Phenomenon may happens…
• New Shinkansen is connected to Tokyo or Osaka.
• The people who live in rural area left their hometown
and go to urban cities!
❖ The fear that many people go to the urban cities and
only a few people left in the rural area is said for a long
time .
❖ If new Shinkansen is built and start servicing, does it
boost the Straw phenomenon rapidly?
❖ Politicians decides to build a new Shinkansen line with
thinking this fear?

30. About building new
Shinkansen
❖ Building the new Shinkansen costs a lot of money.
• Is it cheaper to renewal or upgrade the current
infrastructure than building new Shinkansen?
❖ Does the new Shinkansen line needed from the society
truly?
Politicians should think again what the society demands for
the railways, especially Shinkansen!

31. Conclusion
❖ Railways permute movement of individuals and materials.
• Thanks to that, the society improved rapidly.
❖ But, society always change is the truth.
• There is a historical fact that the thing which adapts to the
change of the times can survive, but the thing which can’t
do will disappear.
❖ So, if the railways can’t change with adapting the change
of the society, the railways will disappear!

32. Conclusion
❖ The abolition of the railway line is a demerit for region, and
also for the nation!
❖ I hope the all railway companies to think again about the
railway lines which they have and whether their service is
TRULY needed from region and the time.
This is the true role of railways in society
and in this 21st century!

33. Thank you for Listening!!!