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The Placebo Effect




                     Takahide Morita
Outline




          Conclusion
What is placebo?
Can Belief Cure People, a
nd How? Can We Control
the Placebo Effect? Why
Does it Work Well for Som
e People, but Not for Othe
rs? Can We Use It As a M
edicine, Also Ethically?
Brain
Jon-Kar Zubieta (2005)



PET Scan
(positron emission
        Tomography)




                         http://www2.jyi.org/news/nb.php?id=429
endorphine(mu-opioid)

                                                      •

                                                      •      Psychological
                                                      •             ⇓
                                                      •
                                                          Physical
                                                      •

http://www.adhd-institute.com/Treatment/Medication-
based-therapy.aspx
Peter Trimmer (2012)


evolution?
Similar to Placebo




                     A switch
                     that kick
                     into action
                     the immune system
why not evolve the ability to get
  better immediately on our own?




…to save energy.   ⇒proven by
                     computer simulations
Ted Kaptchuk (2008)
                      Acupuncture treatment
                      for IBS
                      1, No treatment ⇒28%

                      Fake treatment
                      2, business-like
                         ⇒44%
                      3, warm and supportive
                        ⇒62%
Conclusion




             Doctor as placebo
Thank you !

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Placebo presentation