a. Introduction and orientation to the Profession of Pharmacy in relation to Hospital Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy, Forensic Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical education and research etc

1. PREPARED BY:
Zahra Mehmood
Muhammad Zain Farooq
Muhammad Aazan Farooq
Maham Ali
Laiba Maryam
PHYSICAL
PHARMACY
PHARMACY
ORIENTATION
Class : 1st year (Evening)
Submitted To: Maam Tehmina

2. INTRODUCTION OF PHARMACY PROFESSION
The word ‘Pharmacy’ is derived from the Greek work ‘Pharmakon’, meaning drug.
The word ‘Pharmacy’ has two meanings : General sense – it is a place or shop where
drugs or medicines are sold. Professional sense – it is the profession, the members
of which deal with drugs.
Pharmacy is the art and science of preparing, compounding and dispensing
medications . it also includes more modern services related to health care and the
provision of drug and related information to the public. So have a great role in
diagnosis. synthesis of drugs, development of drug, extraction of drug, action of
drug, marketing of drugs, management of drugs, manufacturing of drugs, research
of drugs and so on.
ORIENTATION OF PHARMACY PROFESSION
Job opportunities for pharmacists are expected to continue to be strong because of
the increased use of medications by a growing and aging population. There are
other factors that may increase the demand for pharmacists. Scientific advances,
including genomics, will result in the discovery of more drugs for the prevention,
diagnosis, and treatment of disease.The increased availability of information about
medicines by well-informed consumers, who are sophisticated about healthcare,
will create a need to help them understand how to make use of this information.
Community pharmacy
Health-care pharmacy
Clinical pharmacy
Nuclear pharmacy
Industrial pharmacy
Forensic pharmacy
Pharmaceutical education
Pharmaceutical journalism
Government services
Pharmaceutical research
Organization management
Clinical trials and information technology (IT)
Community pharmacy also known as RETAIL PHARMACY is a well
known type of pharmacy. It is this type that is most traditionally
known as the pharmacist or chemist shop. A community pharmacist
usually works in a store that provides the community with access to
the medications they need, as well as advice to promote the safe and
effective use of the medicines they provide. They can tell their
customers what drugs may interact with each other or with alcohol,
and help prevent dangerous or troublesome combinations or side-
effects of medication. Helping patients with the reimbursement of
drug expenses, supervising pharmacy technicians and keeping
inventory of the drugs stocked also make up part of their duties.
Scope of pharmacy practice:
COMMUNITY PHARMACY:
They are explained below in detail,

3. Health-care pharmacy or hospital pharmacy is the place where the
management of medications occurs in a hospital, medical clinic or nursing
home. A hospital pharmacist often works in close collaboration with other
health professionals to ensure that the medication regimen for each patient
is optimized to achieve the best outcomes. They may also be involved with
clinical trials, as well as compounding medications for individualized dosing
or sterile medications. Teaching, administrative functions in the selection,
proper storage, distribution and prescription protocols of drugs, education
of medical staff in the aspects of selection, administration and monitoring
of drug safety, as well as assessing drug levels and drug safety may all be
part of their work.
Industrial pharmacy is the process which includes manufacturing,
development, marketing and distribution of drug products including
quality assurance of the developed drug. Pharmacy offers opportunities to
pharmacists of all educational levels. The largest number of pharmacist is
involved in marketing ,sales and administration . Some pharmaceutical
manufacturers employee pharmacists as their professional service
representatives to educate physicians and pharmacists about the
manufacturer's products.
Forensic pharmacy is application of the sciences of drugs to legal
issues. Forensic pharmacists engage in work relating to litigation,
the regulatory process, and the criminal justice system. Forensic
pharmacy overlaps with many other forensic fields. Pharmacists
hold a variety of positions with local, state, and federal
governments. Many pharmacists do freelance work as forensic
litigation consultants. A forensic pharmacist can be a valuable
resource in legal cases relating to malpractice, adverse drug
reactions, drunk and drugged driving, health care fraud, poisoning,
and numerous other types of civil and criminal cases.
HEALTH-CARE PHARMACY:
INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY:
NUCLEAR PHARMACY:
Nuclear pharmacy also known as RADIOPHARMACY. In nuclear
pharmacy the nucclear pharmacists prepare and dispense patient-
specific radiopharmaceutical doses for diagnostic imaging and
therapeutic procedures for use in hospital nuclear medicine
departments and outpatient clinics.
FORENSIC PHARMACY:

4. The Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) is the entry level degree in pharmacy.
This is a graduate professional degree at the doctoral level with a clinical
focus, In the developing country context, the pharmacy is often the most
accessible or even the sole point of access to health care advice and
services. Because of their knowledge of medicines and clinical
therapeutics, pharmacists are suitably placed for task shifting in health
care and could be further trained to undertake functions such as clinical
management and laboratory diagnostics. Indeed, pharmacists have been
shown to be willing, competent, and cost-effective providers of what the
professional literature calls "pharmaceutical care interventions".
PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION:
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH:
PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNALISM:
GOVERNMENT SERVICES:
Pharmaceutical research provides papers widely initiated research of
a pharmacist spanning the entire spectrum of drug discovery,
development, evaluation, and regulatory approval.
WORKING:
• Collecting and analyzing data about the use and efficacy of
treatments in various phases of preclinical development.
• Collabarating with the members of lab team, as well as other skate
holders not directly involved in preclinical research.
IMPORTANCE:
• Research is important for the development of pharmacy practice, it
strengthen pharmacy provided services.
• It improves patient care and contribute greatly to health care
knowledge.
Pharmaceutical Journalism would offer an excellent opportunity to
disseminate information about new drugs, banned drugs, new
diagnostic techniques, new surgical procedures and medicines, under
clinical trials about which a lay man is totally unawares. We have
specialists in all walks of professions to impart expertise for benefit of
the society.
Government service offers opportunities to pharmacists in various
capacities. They may serve as non-commissioned or commissioned officers
in the army, navy, air force, and coast guard. Appointments are available
for pharmacists in the Drug Enforcement Administration of the
Department of Justice, and in the National Institutes of Health, the Center
for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Health Resources and Services
Administration, and various other agencies.

5. • Various responsibilities are included in the role of pharmacy organization
management. It can be difficult for one person to oversee all of these areas,
particularly in larger pharmacies, in such cases, a pharmacy management
team may be required to perform all duties adequately.
• The qualities that are particularly beneficial for pharmacy management is
that they should have good people skills to communicate with staff, provide
customer service and assist with conflict resolution.
• They should also have a good understanding of the analytics and metrics
that indicate the performance of the pharmacy and factors affecting it.
Additionally, they should understand concepts of sales and marketing to
ensure there is profitability of the pharmacy.
Clinical Trials of an Investigational Medicinal Product (CTIMPs) are studies
designated and authorised by the Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory
Agency (MHRA) which trial a new medicine or an existing medicine for a
different condition. The study can assess what doses should be given,
how well the drug works in a population (its efficacy), how it works within
the body (pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties) and any
unwanted side effects. This enables a better understanding of trial drugs
and wider access for patients to drugs for a given condition. The future of
clinical trials is changing as we look to advanced therapies (ATIMPs)
which include gene therapy, cell therapy or any tissue engineered
product.
ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT:
CLINICAL TRIALS:
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY:
The role of information technology (IT) in pharmacy practice is dynamic and
not likely to lose relevance in the coming years. To some degree,
pharmacists are interested in information technology because we can
envision it increasing efficiency in our daily tasks and improving our access
to vital information. However, federal legislation is also driving adoption of
Health Information Technology (HIT) for its potential impact on patient
safety.
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, the pharmacist is the key health care professional in helping
people achieve the best results from their medications.
As the number of population increases the disease rate increases, for the
cure of toxicity pharmacy plays an important role in production, dispension
and prescription of medicines

6. • Industrial pharmacy:
Remington edited by Loyd V Allen Jr and imed pub
• Forensic pharmacy:
Forensic Pharmacologist, Private Consulting Practice and Adjunct Associate
Professor of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island, USA.
• Pharmaceutical education:
Remington edited by Loyd V Allen Jr and
https://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/f/fip+pharmacy+education.html
• Pharmaceutical journalism:
https://medicarepharmabusiness.com/career-in-pharmaceutical-journalism/
• Government services:
Reminghton edited by Loyd V Allen Jr
• Pharmaceutical Research:
https://www.aaps.org/education-and-research/journals/pharmaceutical-research
https://www.northeastern.edu/graduate/blog/how-to-become-a-pharmaceutical-
scientist/
https://www.northeastern.edu/graduate/blog/how-to-become-a-pharmaceutical-
scientist/
• Organization Management:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4568116/
• Information Technology:
January 14, 2013 Jacob Holler, PharmD, MS, BCPS
health-System Edition, January 2013, Volume 2, Issue 1
• Clinical Trials:
https://www.rlbuht.nhs.uk/staff-blogs/research-development-blog/the-role-of-
pharmacy-in-clinical-trials/
INTRODUCTION OF PHARMACY:
Dr. Basavaraj K. NanjwadeM. Pharm., Ph. D Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty
of Pharmacy Omer Al-Mukhtar University Tobruk, Libya.
ORIENTATION OF PHARMACY PROFESSION:
Remington edited by Loyd V Allen Jr
• Community pharmacy:
https://www.news-medical.net/health/Types-of-Pharmacy.aspx
• Health-care pharmacy:
https://www.news-medical.net/health/Types-of-Pharmacy.aspx
• Nuclear pharmacy:
https://www.pharmacist.com/Practice/Patient-Care-Services/Nuclear
REFERENCE: