Commercialization of genetic engineering technology in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Drug preparation

1. SAM HIIGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY
AND SCIENCES
Topic: Commercialization of Genetic engineering technology in Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants for Drug preparation.
Presented to:
Mr. Deepak Lall
Dept. of Horticulture,
NAINI AGRICULTURE INSTITUTE (NAI),
SHUATS.
AGRN 725: Agronomy in Medicinal & Aromatic Plants and Underutilized Crops

2. Sr.
No.
Tables Slide
number
1. Introduction 5
2. Commercialization of Medicinal And Aromatic Plant for drug
preparation
13
3. Current status of commercialization 17
4. Some of the Genetically Modified Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
in drug usage
21
5. Commercialization of Medicinal And Aromatic Plants as products 26
6. Importance of plant as a new source of drugs 40
7. Conclusion 41
CONTENT

3. Sr.
No.
Tables Slide number
1. Some commercialized Medicinal And Aromatic
Plant and its drug use.
16
2. Status of various Herbal Based Medical Systems
in India.
19
3. Indicated anticancer drugs which have received
FDA approval for commercial production.
20
4. Genetically modified Medicinal And Aromatic
Plants for drugs.
22
5. Pelargonium graveolans. 27
6. Vetiveria zizanioides. Linn. 29
7. Cymbopogons flexuosus. 31
8. Mentha piperita L. 33
LIST OF TABLES

4. • Medicinal and Aromatic Plants are offered in a wide variety of products on
the market. At least every fourth flowering plant is used.
• World-wide, it is estimated that up to 70,000 species are used in folk
medicine.
• The WHO reports over 21,000 plant taxa used for medicinal purposes.
• Plant are factories skilled in synthesizing infinite number of extremely
complex, rare and bioactive compounds.
• Over three-quarters of the world population relies mainly on plants and
plant extracts for health care. More than 30% of the entire plant species, at
one time or otherwise used for medicinal purposes.
• Since ancient times, herbal medicine has played a major role in traditional
systems of medicine such Unani and Ayurveda.
• New discoveries in Molecular Biology and Genomics are offering novel
tools for increasing the efficiency of both conventional plant breeding and
genetic engineering of MAP’s.

5. Medicinal plants
used by the tribal
communities
(oral)
Ayurveda
Unani
Modern
Siddha
Amchi
THE INDIAN FLORA (17500 SPECIES)
INDIANSYSTEM’SOFMEDICINE
INDIA’S STRENGTH IN HERBAL TECHNOLOGY
Source: Pushpangadan P

6. 33%
32%
20%
12%
3%
TREES HERBS SHRUBS
CLIMBERS OTHERS
90%
10%
WILD CULTIVATION
Source: Lata R and Agastian. P

7. ROOTS
29%
WHOLE
PLANT
16%BARK
14%
FRUITS
10%
SEEDS
7%
STEMS
6%
LEAVES
6%
FLOWERS
5%
RHIZOME
4%
WOOD
3%
Source: Senouci F

8. 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
485.72 501.589
612.586
467.388
790.564
2437.377
96.171 99.21 122.918 121.085 159.022 175.982
EXPORT VALUE IN USD Mn IMPORT VALUE IN USD Mn
EXPORT AND IMPORT OF MAP’SEXPORTANDIMPORTVALUE
India’s total export and import value of herbals in USD millions
Source: Pandey et al.

9. INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURES,
COMPANIES
EXPORTERS
INDIAN MANUFACTURES,
COMPANIES
INTERNATIONAL
BROKERS
PRODUCER
COLLECTOR
RETAILERS,
MIDDLEMEN
BIG DEALERS
STOCKISTS
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants market network
Source: B. B. Rajeswara Rao

10.  Used for preventing, treating the disease and support health and healing.
 Common constituent in ayurvedic, homeopathic, naturopathic and other
medicinal system due to its natural medicinal value.
 It uses is increasing day by day with increase the number of herbal drug
manufactures due to increase toxicity and side effect of allopathic
medicines
 Now a days drugs has been commercialized by modifying and
combining the additional medicines to counter balance of the side
effect.
 25%of drug are only prepared from plant based product that is
medicinal and aromatic product.
 Industry has increased the demand for raw material of medicinal and
aromatic plant due to increase the demand of drug formulation world
wide for that about 250 species of medicinal and aromatic plant are
traded world wide.
IMPORTANCE OF HERBAL DRUGS:

11. • The global market for plant drive drug increase 9.5-32.9$.
• Annual demand for raw material of medicinal and aromatic plants are around
0.32 million tones out of which 0.18mt are utilized by herbal industry for drug
preparation
• Perennial tree species amla stand first being the highest consumed botanical
raw drug by Indian herbal industry
• Raw material about 54 top trade medicinal plant species are obtained entirely
from wild .
• The annual production of raw and medicinal and aromatic plant for raw material
is worth about Rs 200crore and this like to be touch 1150$ by the year 2000 to
5 trillion by 2050.
• Indian drug export were the worth 620 billion rupees and it increase around
28%year on year
• China share in the world herbal market is 6billion USD while India share only
1billionUSD
Market and demand for drugs and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

13. Commercialization is the process by which a new product or service is introduced into the
general market. Commercialization is broken into phases, from the production, distribution,
marketing, sales and customer support required to achieve commercial success.
Benefits of Commercialization:
Societal Benefit
Spanning across areas such as healthcare, environmental, education, industrial applications,
and simply, day-to-day life, innovations resulting from University research are most
impactful when they are in the hands of those who can benefit from them most.
Economic Growth
Taking innovations to market through commercialization also provides an economic benefit.
Industry Partnerships
Commercialization provides an opportunity to engage with industry partners, investors and
other businesses.
Recruitment and Retention
The successful commercialization of innovations results in positive publicity and also
generates awareness of the research, inventions
Entrepreneurship
By having a focus on entrepreneurship and commercialization, both faculty and staff can get
exposure to the business community which can be beneficial in multiple ways.

14. HEALTHCARE
CLUSTER
INDUSTRY
CLUSTER
PRODUCTION
CLUSTER
MEDICINAL
PLANTS
COMMERCIALIZATION Actor Behaviour
BENEFIT
TRANSACTION
COST
PERCEPTION OF
MOTIVATION
THE PROCESS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS COMMERCIALIZATION.
Source: Ignatius
Adi Nugroho

15. HERBAL PLANTS USE OF ITS DRUG
Acacia catechu, Acacia arabica,
Cuminum cyminum, Eucalyptus
globules, Punica granatum, Jasminum
grandifolorum, Pistacia lentiscus
Drug which maintain health treat
Flocoutia indica, Silybum marianum,
Solanum nigrum, Coccinia grandis,
Annona squamosa
Drugs have the ability to prevent the
damage of liver
Piper methysticum, Rhodiola Rosea
valerinana, Officinalis monniera
Drugs use for treatment for major
depressive disorder
Azdirachta indica, Casia tora ,
Wrightia tinctoria
Drugs treat the psoriasis
TABLE 1 SOME COMMERCIALIZED MEDICINAL AND
AROMATIC PLANT AND ITS DRUG USE.

16. Global Scenario
 60% of the world’s population depends on traditional medicine for
their primary health care needs.
 80% of the population is dependent upon such traditional medicinal
practices.
 3000 species are traded internationally, among which 2000 of them
are particularly traded in the European country like German,
Switzerland and France.
 Global import is raised by +3% since 2010 and reached in 2014 a
volume of 673,564 tones that cost valued US$ 2,724 million.
 The international market is dominated by China, France, Germany,
Italy, Japan, Spain, UK and the USA.
CURRENT STATUS OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF
MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS

17.  Currently, a focus on integrated medicine provides plenty of plants and plant
constituent choices for treatment of sickness.
 Not only in modern medicine, aromatherapy, crude drugs, and several other therapies
have been adopted in the home and the hospital.
 Those natural drug and therapy are useful for preventive medicine too.
 Good resource to develop new medicine and treat body and mind.
 The possibility of medicinal and aromatic plants is a hope continually for human live.
 Many synthesized medicines were patterned after plant extracts that provide outlines
for new modern medicines.
 One of the huge benefits was to overcome many difficult illnesses, such as contagious
disease, cancer, and AIDS/HIV.
 The National Cancer Institute (NCI) screens plants for the possibility of new drugs and
active plant chemicals for cancer and AIDS/HIV in several ongoing collaborative
programs.
CURRENT STATUS

18. Characteristics
Medical Systems
Ayurveda Siddha Unani Tibetan Homeopathy
Medicinal plants known 2000 1121 751 337 482
Licensed pharmacies 8533 384 462 - 613
Hospitals 753 276 74 - 223
Dispensaries 15193 444 1193 - 5634
Registered practitioners 438721 17560 4357
8
- 217460
Under graduate college 219 6 37 - 178
Post graduate college 57 3 8 - 31
Table 2 Status of various Herbal Based Medical Systems in
India
Source: Dr. K. M. Singh

19. Drug name Plant resource Feature
Taxol/paclitaxel Pacific yew tree Now the first drug of choice in
several tumorous cancers Including
breast cancer
Vinblastine Madagascar
periwinkle
The first drug of choice in many
forms of leukemia, and since the
1950s. it has increased the survival
rate of childhood leukemias by
80%
Vincristine Madagascar
periwinkle
Another antileukemic drug
Topotecan Camptotheca
acuminata
Has been approved by the FDA for
the treatment of ovarian and small
cell lung cancer
Irinotecan Camptotheca
acuminata
Has been approved by the FDA for
the treatment of metastatic
colorectal cancer
Etoposide Podophyllum
peltatum
A semisynthetic derivative of a
plant chemical epipodophyllotoxin
Table 3 Indicated anticancer drugs which have received FDA
approval for commercial production

20. SOME OF THE GENETICALLY MODIFIED
MEDICINALAND AROMATIC PLANTS IN

21. SCIENTIFIC
NAME
COMMON
NAME
FAMILY USES
Curcuma longa Turmeric Zingiberaceae Anti-septic, anti-
inflammatory, blood
purifying, wound healing
Catharanthus
roseus
Graveyard plant Apocynaceae Relieving muscle pain,
healing wounds, prevention
of diabetes.
Coleus forskohlii Mint Lamiaceae To treat high blood
pressure, asthama, heart
disorder
Chamomilla
recutita
Chamomile Asteraceae To treat cough, fevers, cold,
inflammation, burns
Cymbopogon
winterianus
Lemongrass Poaceae For citronella oil,
aromatherapy, insect
repellant
Source: Shashikala et al.
TABLE 4 GENETICALLY MODIFIED MEDICINALAND
AROMATIC PLANTS FOR DRUGS

22. SCIENTIFIC
NAME
COMMON
NAME
FAMILY USES
Foenicum vulgare Fennel Apiaceae Used as carminative,
digestive, lactogogue &
diuretic, treating
respiratory disorder
Hyoscyamus niger Henbane Solanaceae Treatment of bones,
rheumatism, toothache,
asthama, cough, sedative
Mentha citrata Mint Lamiaceae Anti-septic, anti-
depressant, anti-viral, helps
digestion
Rauvolfia
serpentina
Snake root Apocynaceae Treat high blood pressure,
hypertension
Plantago ovata Desert Indian
wheat
Plantaginaceae Regulate fecal water
content, diarrhea
Phyllanthus niruri Gale of wind Phyllanthaceae Used as herbal medicine,
protecting liver
Solanum viarum Nightshade Solanaceae Antifungal,
antispermatogenic,
antipyretic
Source: Bindu H Kalpa & Mythyll B Juthhi

23. SCIENTIFIC
NAME
COMMON
NAME
FAMILY USES
Nicotiana tabacum Tobacco Solanaceae Neurotoxin
Acacia mangium Forest mangrove Fabaceae Emulsifiers
Dioscorea alata Purple yam Dioscoreaceae Anti-fatigue, anti-
inflammatory, antistress,
anti-spasmodic and
Plantago major Plantains Plantaginaceae Anti-toxin, anti-
inflammatory, analgesic,
anti-oxidant, immuno-
modulating
Withania somnifera Nightshade Solanaceae Immunity boosting, stress
normalizing,nerves
relaxing and muscle
building
Glycyrrhiza
uralensis
Chinese liquorice Fabaceae Traditional chinese
medicine and ulcers
Source : Kumar Jitendra & Jha Jitendra

24. SCIENTIFIC
NAME
COMMON
NAME
FAMILY USES
Ocimum basilicum Mint Lamiaceae Anti-bacterial, anti-
spasmodic, aromatherapy,
digestive, galactogogue
ophthalmic and improves
the action of stomach
Camellia sinensis Tea plant Theaceae Traditional chinese
medicine, treats
asthma, angina pain &
peripheral
artery occlusive disease
Stevia species Candy leaf Asteraceae For treating obesity-related
diabetes and
high blood pressure
Salvia species Garden sage Lamiaceae Alzheimer’s disease
Zingiber officinale Ginger Zingiberaceae Treats nausea, inflammation
and diabetes
Gloriosa superba Flame lily Colchicaceae Gout and inducing capillary
blood
circulation
Source: Kumar Jitendra & Jha Jitendra

25. COMMERCIALIZATION OF MEDICINAL
AND AROMATIC PLANTS AS
SUPPLY CHAIN

26. Plant Characteristics Extraction Commercial
products
Pelargonium
graveolans
Family-
Geraniaceae.
Geranium oil,
Geranium,
Rose geranium
{oilcontain strong
rose like odour}.
Cultivation-
mainly In Nilgiris and
Kodaikanal
Hills of Tamil Nadu
and Bangalore.
Propagation- Terminal
cuttings.
• Geranium oil extracted from
leaves and stalk, geranium
oil also contains pinene,
ß-pinene, terpinene, myrcene,
phellandrene, limonene,
cis-ocimene, trans ocimene,
p-cymene, terpinolene,
cis-roseoxide, trans-rose oxide,
menthone, trans-linalool,
iso-menthone, caryophyllene,
geranyl acetate, nerol, geranyl
formate, gernayl butyrate,
geraniol .
• But major constituent of
geranium oil is Geranial
and Citronellol.
• It is used in making scenting
soaps and
high grade perfumes.
Face & Body Gel
Scrub,
Rose geranium lip
balm, moisturizer
anti-dandruff herbal
shampoo
Facial Kit etc.
Table5 (1) Pelargonium graveolans

27. Volatile monoterpene oil biosynthesis in rose-scented
geranium (Pelargonium spp.)
• Monoterpene biosynthesis in rose scented geranium has been shown
to involve non - mevalonate pathway of iso prenogenesis.
• We have cloned deoxyxylulose-5- phosphate synthase (dxs) gene
from its leaves, dxs gene being the committed and regulate pathway.
• Monoterpene biosynthesis are
produced the monoterpene oil
like Geranial, Citronellol, Linalool
and Nerol from the leaves.
GeneticTransformationin
BiosyntheticPathways

28. Plant Characteristics Extraction Commercial
products
Vetiveria
zizanioides. Linn
Family- Poaceae
“Khus“ khus grass.
means aromatic root.
Cultivation-
Kerala, East Godavari
and Kurnool districts of
Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka
and Madhya Pradesh,
Uttar Pradesh and
Haryana States.
Propagation-
Seeds or rootslips
.
• Oil extracted
from root.
• Root contains
Khusol,
Khusone,
Khusene etc.
• Oil is widely
used in
perfumes,
cosmetics, and
for scenting of
soaps.
Face & Body Gel
Scrub,
Rose geranium lip
balm, moisturizer
anti-dandruff herbal
shampoo
Facial Kit etc.
Table 6 (2) Vetiveria zizanioides. Linn

29. Production of Antimycobacterial phytomolecule “Khushimol”
• A phytomolecule khusimol was identify which act as
antibacterial agent from the plant Vetiveria zizanioides.
• Khusimol active against virulent strain H37Rv of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• Khusimol, in in-vitro assay was observed to inhibit the super coiling induction activity of
bacterial.
• Source- CISIR-CIMAP,lucknow
Development of high yielding varieties of khus (Vetiveria zizanoides)-
• Ten superior clones with oil content above 2.2% in replicated trial.
• Developed polycross progenies were evaluate their fresh root yield and oil content again.
• Fresh root yield and oil content ranged from 0.50 –70.7g/ plant and 2.2 –2.96 percent,
respectively against check (Gulabi-1.76, Kesari-1.04, Dharni-1.92, KS1-2.03%).
• Progenies have been raised through seeds for evaluation.
• Source- Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand.
Khushimol
Genetic Transformation

30. Plant Characteristics Extraction Commercial
products
Cymbopogons
flexuosus
Family- poaceae
lemon grass,
lemon oil grass
Cultivation- Kerala,
northern district of
Travancore and
Cochin, Assam,
Maharastra, parts of
Uttar Pradesh,
Jamind etc
Propagation- seeds,
rooted slips.
• Leaves and Shoot of
lemongrass produce
oil.
• Lemongrass oil contain
myrcene (0.02%),
p-cymene (0.04%),
terpinene (0.60%),
ß terpineol (0.40%),
Alpha terpineol
(2.25%), triphenyl
acetate (0.90%),
borneol (1.90%),
geraniol + nerol
(1.50%), citral-b
(27.7%), citral-
a(46.60%), farnesol
(12.80%), farnesal
(3.00%).
lemongrass oil
is mainly used in
manufacture of
perfumes for soaps,
hair oils, scents and
medicines.
Body Scrub, in
Skincare product,
Blackhead,
Whitehead
Controller, face
Mask, body oil
Etc.
Table 7 (3) Cymbopogons flexuosus

31. Genomic manipulation in Cymbopogons:
• The raw autotetraploid clone developed for the Lemongrass (C. khasianus)
clone. “Suwarna”has been screened for cytological purity and progressive
polyploid stability.
Polyploidy breeding in Cymbopogons:
• Genetically stable clones developed in Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus),
Citronella (C. winterianus), Palmarosa (C. martinii), and geraniol rich species
namely C. nardus (clone CN-5)- C. jwaruncusha x confertiflorus, all with
2n=20, 4x=40, and Cymbopogon khasianus x pendulus – clone CKP-25
(2n=60, 4x=120) were evaluated in the randomized block design.
• It Observed that the tetraploid of C. flexuosus, clone ‘Krishna’andclone
‘Pragati’, auto- tetraploids of C. winterianus clone Bio-13, and CIM- Jeeva,
and the auto-tetraploids of geraniol rich species, C. nardus {clone CN-5}-
C. jwaruncusha x confertiflorus, and C. winterianus exhibit superior oil
yield and oil content.
• Source- DMAPR, Anand.
Genetic Transformation

32. Plant Characteristics Extraction Commercial
products
Mentha piperita L.
Family-
Laminaceae
Mentha spicata L. (spearmint
or garden mint),
Mentha citrata - Bergamot
mint or orange mint (oily
substances obtain variety of
Seville orange) .
Mentha arvensis- corn mint
Field mint or Japanese mint
(yellow flower plant common
weed of cornfields) .
Cultivation (Japanese mint)-
Tarai region ,Indo- Gangetic
Plains and parts of Punjab
(Ludhiana and Jalandhar).
Propagation- stolons or
suckers.
• Peppermint oil is
extracted from leaves.
Pepper mint oil contain
35-50 per cent.
• Menthol other
constituents are menthyl
acetate (14- 15%),
menthone (9-25%)
menthofuran and
terpenes like pinene and
limonene.
• It is used in flavouring
of pharmaceuticals
drugs and preparations
of tooth pastes, dental
creams, mouth washes,
cough drops, chewing
gums, confectionery
and alcoholic liquors.
Lip Balm,
Peppermint
Brown Sugar
Scrub,
Refreshing
drinks
essential oils,
Mint & Aloe
Soap & Shampoo,
Body Wash etc.
Table 8 (4) Mentha piperita L.

33. Genetic improvement in Mentha piperita:
• Fifty progenies were raised from different seed and stocks of
Mentha piperita evaluate their oil yield potential.
• Out of 50, only 8 seed progenies showed high oil yield potential than their seed parents at
first
• instance.
• The strain MPH-1,mint variety CIMAP- Patra, showing oil yield potential of about 60-65
kg/ha with menthofuran content 46% in its oil,
Identification of high yielding clone in Mentha arvensis/ Japanese mint:
• Menthol mint clone MBB- 1022 has been identify and evaluated that oil content 0.8% and
78 – 80
• % menthol in the off season crop.
• Clone MBB-1022 is suitable for growing in late kharif season after the harvest of main
crop.
Source- DMAPR, Anand.
Genetic Transformation

34. 5). Neem-Azadirachta indica
Family- Meliaceae
Plant parts used- Neem leaves, neem flower, neem bark, neem fruit, neem seeds
a) Neem Oil: It is used as an insecticides, cures skin
disorders, it is also anti-fungal, used as contraception, as an
immune booster.
b) Himalaya's Neem & Turmeric Soap:
The extracts of Neem, Lemon and Turmeric, which contain
antibacterial and antifungal properties, protect your skin
from harsh environmental conditions.
c) Himalaya's Purifying Neem Face Wash:
It is a soap-free, herbal formulation that clears impurities
and helps clear pimples.
d) Aloe Vera Neem & Tulsi Hand and Body Lotion with
Sunscreen, soothing and enriched with naturally
moisturizing ingredients such as Aloe Vera Gel, Cocoa
Butter, Neem, Tulsi Extracts and Almond Oil that moisturize
the skin, leaving it smooth and supple.

35. 6). Lavender- Lavandula Spica L.
Family- Lamiaceae
Plant parts used- Flower, Flower buds , stems
Products-
a) Aromatherapy oil:
• Lavender oil is one of the most used essential oils in
aromatherapy.
•Massage therapists are often repeat buyers of lavender
essential oil, as many like to blend their own massage oil.
b) Lavender soap:
• Many view lavender soap as an aromatic essential in their
bathroom..
• Best of all, soap is another repeat product, with many
customers using several bars a month.
c) Lavender bags:
After lavender flowers are harvested and dried, the flower buds
can be removed from the stems and used to make a simple
sachet using plain organza or muslin bags.

36. 7) Aloe vera- Aloe barbadensis
Family- Liliaceae
Plant part used- Leaf
a) Himalaya’s Fairness Cream:
• To tackle a dull, uneven complexion and clear dark spots and
discolored and pigmented skin.
• Its unique formulation ensures ease of application, faster absorption
and better nourishment to the skin.
b) Aloe Vera Moisturizing Cream:
• This delicate cream, rich in Aloe Vera, is blended with natural and
herbs
• It soften your skin and keep it lovely, smooth and glowing. pH
balanced.
c) Nature’s Essence Aloe Vera gel:
• it offer you a treatment moisturizing gel ideal for softening the skin.
• It procets from sun damage, and acting as a guard and immunizing
agent against skin ailments.
d) Himalaya's Acne-n-Pimple Cream:
•Acne (acne vulgaris, common acne) is a disease of the hair follicles of
the face.
• It cure pimples and skin eruptions, healing infection while keeping
the skin soft and smooth.

37. 8) Japanese Mint - Mentha canadensis
Family : Lamiaceae
Plantpart Used : Leaves, Flower
a)Hagina Japanese Mint Oil: Authentic Japanese mint oil. Oil
product that had a deep heating and penetrating effect. Oil is
extracted through steam distillation and on other oil has been
added. Beneficial against rheumatic pain.
b)Steam bath-essence Japanese Mint: It supports the airways and
also gives a cooling effect in combination with the hot steam. It is
a natural steam bath essence without any form of alcohol and with
pure essential oil.
c) Japanese Mint oil: This is pure authentic japanese mint oil which
is also known as wild mint or corn mint in some part of the world
It is one of the natural sources from which menthol found in many
cough medicines

38. 9) Rosemary- Salvia rosmarinus
Family : Limiaceae
Plant part Used : leaves , Flower
a) Rosemary Essential Oil : Healing essential oil
• Smooth radiant skin, anti aging, for face and
body care, acne scars and stretch marks.
• Thick lustrous hair, boost mental functions.
b) Rosemary Vegan Capsules :
• It helps support and promote healthy memory.
• It might be useful for relieving digestion
problems and age related memory support

39. • In recent times developed countries are turning the use of traditional
medicinal system that involve the use of herbal drugs and remedies
• Plant derive drugs make up significant segment of natural product based
pharmaceuticals.
• Nitrogen containing alkaloid have contributed large numbers of drug to
modern pharmacopoeia, ranging in effect from antaicholinergics
(atropine) to analgesics (opium alkaloid) and from anti parasitics
(quinine) to anti-cholinesterases (galantamine) to anti-neoplastic
(vinblastine / vincristine)
• Study reveal that there is demand for raw stock which is Alma, Isabgol,
Senna, Henna, Ashwagandha, which comprises over 75% of raw
material employed in ayurvedic medicine
• India export crude drug to developed country like USA, UK, Germany
• About 121 major plant drugs have been identified currently available
Plant as a new source of drugs:

40. • A golden triangle consisting of Ayurveda, modern medicine and science
will coverage to form a real discovery engine that can result in newer,
safer, cheaper and effective therapies. Nature is the best combinatorial
chemist and till now natural products compounds discovered from
medicinal plants[and their analogue there of] have provided numerous
clinically useful drugs.
• Inspite of various challenges encountered in the medicinal plant based
drug discovery, natural product isolated from plants will still remain an
essential component in the search for new medicines. Proper utilization of
these resources and tools in bioprospecting be certainly helping
discovering novel lead molecules from plants by employing modern drug
discovery techniques and the coordinated efforts of various disciplines.
• Researches on pharmacognosy, chemistry, pharmacology and clinical
therapeutics have been carried out on Ayurvedic medicinal plants and
many of the major pharmaceutical corporations have renewed there
strategies in favor of natural products drug discovery.
CONCLUSION

41. • In general, the soil and climate conditions of the India are suitable
for cultivating AMP, though its economic success resides in its
correct marketing, taking into account the manufacturers requirements,
the existing legislation and the quality.
• Globally it is recognized that valuable MPs genetic diversity has been lost
over the past decades and it is imperative to protect and preserve the
existing genetic wealth for posterity.
• The three-pronged strategy of regulating wild collections and banning
collection and trade of threatened species; in situ and ex situ conservation
of MPs and cultivation of economically important species is yielding
encouraging results.
• A growing demand of AMP is observed. In case of aromatic plants,
the market always has been stable, with an important consumption in
the food sector (seasonings, drinks, etc.). In case of the medicinal
plants, the herbalist market seems to increase due to attitude change
of consumers towards natural products, the great number of users
(increased with the food aromatization with natural flavours) and the
international trading aspect.

42. References
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