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the top five ways medical physics has changed healthcare
- 1. 1 Prepared by: Sana Under the Guidance: (Dr) Mohammed
- 2. 1) USING PARTICLE ACCELERATORS TO DEFEAT CANCER 2) BETTER DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER 3) MATTER/ANTIMATTER COLLISION IMAGING 4) ENSURING THE SAFETY OF PEOPLE WHO GET CT SCANS 5) MEDICAL PHYSICS MOMENTS IN HISTORY 2
- 4. MEDICAL PHYSICISTS Are essential in the development of many scanning technologies Some you may have heard of… X-rays…..CT scans…..MRI scans, PET scans….. And new ones you may not have heard of yet…. 4
- 5. X-RAYS Very little ordinary light can pass through skin. It’s either absorbed at the surface or reflected back….. To “see” inside we need a kind of “light” with more energy … 5
- 6. ADVANTAGES OF BASIC X RAY IMAGING X rays are easy to produce X ray machines are relatively cheap In controlled doses X ray images are safe to the patient 6
- 7. CT SCANS CT scans take X ray imaging to “C” stands for “Computed” “T” stands for “ Tomography” 7
- 8. In short…. CT scanners are complex X ray machines attached to very clever computers using complicated mathematics to build up images of our insides. 8
- 9. The patient is placed on a bed The scanner (X ray machine) is the shape of a ring X Rays are produced in an X ray tube, pass through the patient and are detected by the detector The scanner rotates the X ray tube and detector so the patient is scanned from all angles The patient is slowly moved through the ring as the scan takes place… 9
- 10. There are no photographic plates in CT scanners. All images are created by computers using the information they receive from the x-ray detector The image produced is like a “slice” through the body. 10
- 11. ADVANTAGES OF CT SCANS Images are like “slices” Compared other scanners (MRI and PET) CT machines are quite cheap. 11
- 12. DISADVANTAGES OF CT Still use X-rays that can damage healthy tissues (in large doses). Imaging of soft tissues is improved but still not always as detailed as doctors require. 12
- 13. MRI What do the letters stand for? M……….. Magnetic R………… Resonance I…………. Imaging 13
- 14. CT scanners scan a patient in “slices” but the angle of the slice depends on how the patient is positioned in the machine. MRI scanners scan a whole section of the body then the doctor can request to view a slice of the patient at any angle… MRI scans can reveal a lot more detail. CT COMPARED TO MRI 14
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- 16. PET (Positron Emission Tomography ) “snapshot” images are useful but doctors sometimes need “real time” pictures of how parts of your body are functioning… e.g. How your heart is functioning. Moving images can be achieved with MRI but PET scanning can give excellent results… 16
- 17. PET CT The key differences: -NO X RAY TUBE. -The ring is surrounded by “Gamma Ray” detectors 17
- 18. PET scan patients are injected with a specially created substance called “RADIOTRACER”…. Usually a “Radioactive” type of glucose. The radiotracer is a source of positrons which leads to the production of gamma rays… INSIDE THE PATIENTS BODY! These pass through the patients body and are picked up by the scanner. 18