2. Defamation
• Any false and malicious statement that is
communicated to others and that injures a
person’s good name or reputation may
constitute defamation
• Defamation in a temporary form such as in
oral communication is called slander
• Defamation in a permanent form such as
in writing or videotape is called libel
3. Invasion of privacy
• Any unreasonable intrusion into the
private life of another person or denial of a
person’s right to be left alone may
constitute an invasion of privacy
4. Fraud
• A deliberate misrepresentation of the truth
for the purpose of inducing someone to
give up something of value is called fraud
• Frauds can occur either when one party
actually makes a deliberately false
statement (active fraud) or when one party
deliberately conceals information that he
or she is required to reveal (passive fraud)
5. Misrepresentation
• It is a false statement that is made
innocently without the intent to deceive the
other party
• If misrepresentation is proved, the contract
or agreement may be rescinded
• If fraud is proved, the contract or
agreement may be rescinded, and the
offended party may collect monetary
compensation
6. How would you respond?
• You have been on the job for four days.
Your boss hands you a report she hasn’t
had time to complete. “Just copy the
numbers off last month’s report,” she
says. “Nobody at headquarters ever really
reads these.” What do you do?
7. Problem
Assume the role of Jason, a quality control
engineer for an automobile manufacturer. You
are responsible for testing a new airbag design.
Your company is eager to install the new airbags
in next year’s models because two competitors
have similar airbags on the market. However,
your tests of the new design have not been
completely successful. All of the airbags tested
inflated on impact, but 10 airbags out of every
100 tested inflated only 60%. These partially
inflated airbags would still protect passengers
from most of a collision impact, but the
passengers might receive more injuries than
they would with fully inflated bags.
8. Before reporting the test results, you tell
your supervisor that you would like to run
more tests to make sure that the airbags
are reliable and safe. But your supervisor
explains that the company executives are
eager to get the airbags on the market
and want the results in a few days. You
now feel pressured to certify that the
airbags are safe (and indeed they all
inflated-at least partially)
9. Process
• What is the problem you are facing?
• I must decide exactly how I will phrase
the certification sentence in my report
• What would be the ideal solution to this
problem?
• I would be given additional time to conduct
enough tests to assure myself that the
airbags are reliable and safe
10. Process
• Why can’t the ideal solution be recommended?
• The company is pressuring me to certify the
airbags now because two competitors have
already introduced similar airbags
• Brainstorm possible certification statements that
you might make
• All the airbags inflated
• None of the airbags failed to inflate
• Ninety percent of the airbags inflated fully; the
rest inflated only 60%
11. Process
• How will you determine which is the best
statement? In other words, what criteria
will you use to evaluate the statements?
• Would the statement be in the best
interests of the company?
• Would the statement be in the best
interests of the public?
• Would the statement be in my own best
interests?
12. Process
• Now evaluate each alternative in terms of
these criteria
• All the airbags inflated- True and
positive-But it overstates the success of
the tests-10% bags inflated only partially
• None of the airbags failed to inflate-
True but it omits important information the
customer needs-It is also a negative
statement which may not please
management
13. Process
• Ninety percent of the bags inflated
fully; the rest inflated only 60%-
Most accurate assessment of the test
results-It emphasizes the positive and
does state that some problems exist-
There is a serious risk that the release of
the product may be delayed-My job may
be at risk-It doesn’t interpret the meaning
of the partially inflated bags
14. Process
• Using what you’ve discovered about each
alternative, construct the certification
statement you will include in your report to
management
15. Product
• Results of my testing of the new airbags
indicate that 90% of the airbags inflated
fully on impact; the remaining 10% inflate
60%, which is sufficient to protect
passengers from most of a collision
impact
Contemporary Business Communication, Scot Ober,Biztantra,5th
edition