Seminar topic about Hybrid electric vehicles

1. Hybrid Electric Vehicle
THE WORLD OF ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT
Seminar Presentation
Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of
Engineering and Technology, Dharwad
Presented by
Kachana Venkata Sudheer Reddy
2SD17EC038
Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering
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2. Contents
 What is HEV....?
 History
 Types of HEV
 Types of Hybridization
 Regenerative Braking
 Parts of HVE vehicle
 Advantages of HEV
 Disadvantage of HEV
 Future Scope
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3. What is HEV…?
▶ A hybrid car is any car that uses both electricity and fuel
Motor/
Generator
Battery Fuel
Transmission
Engine
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Fuel
Transmission
Engine
Battery
Transmission
Motor/
Generator
Battery Electric
injection in order to run.
Conventional Hybrid Electric Car
Fig: Hybrid Vehicle Mean

4. History of HEV
▶ 1830’s
• Battery electric vehicle invented by Thomas Davenport, Robert Anderson,
others - using non-rechargeable batteries.
▶ 1890’s
• EV’s outsold gas cars 10 to 1, Oldsmobile and Studebaker started as EV
companies started as EV companies.
▶ 1904’s
• Krieger Company builds first hybrid vehicle
▶ 1910’s
• Mass-produced Ford cars undercut hand-built EV’s
• EV’s persist as status symbols and utility vehicles until Great Depression.
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Fig: Historical Hybrid car

5. Types of Hybrid
1. Series hybrid
 A Series hybrid is like a battery electric vehicle
(BEV) in design.
 No direct mechanical link between IC engine
and wheels.
 IC engine powers the motor and charges the
battery.
 Series vehicles are also referred to as extended
range electric vehicle, range extended electric
vehicle (EREV/REEV).
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Fig: Series Hybrid

6. Types of HEV
2. Parallel Hybrid
 Both IC engine and motor can power the car simultaneously.
 Power electronic converters are used.
 Power from both ICE and EM is combined depending upon
requirement.
 Battery is recharged by regenerative mechanism.
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7. Parallel Hybrid
Fig. Parallel Hybrid
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8. Types of HEV
3. Series-Parallel Hybrid
 Power-split or Series-parallel are more beneficial than other
types.
 These type of vehicles are more costly compared to purely
parallel type.
 It allows to have only EM mode or in combination with ICE.
 Most of the latest hybrid vehicles are based on this
configuration.
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Fig: Series Parallel Hybrid

9. Types of Hybridization
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Fig: Mild Hybridization
1. MILD / Micro Hybridization
 They feature idle-stop function
 Regenerative braking
 Are not capable of using the electric motor
to propel the vehicle
 These systems are usually 42 volts or less

10. Types of Hybridization
2. Medium Hybridization
 They feature idle-stop function
 Regenerative braking
 Most are not capable of using the electric motor
alone to propel the vehicle
 The electric motor usually assists the engine
 Battery voltages are about 144 to 158 volts
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Fig: Medium Hybridization

11. Types of Hybridization
3. Full Hybridization
 They feature idle-stop function
 Regenerative braking
 Most are capable of using the electric motor alone to
propel the vehicle
 The electric motor also assists the engine
 Battery voltages are about 200 to 300 volts
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Fig: Full Hybridization

12. Types of Hybridization
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13. What is Regenerative braking ?
 It is a technology used on hybrid and electric
vehicles to recharge the battery.
 Regenerative braking powers the vehicles and
to assist the hydraulic braking system to stop
them.
 Here EM uses the vehicle’s momentum to
recover energy that would otherwise be lost
at brake discs as heat.
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14. Parts of HEV vehicle
1. Engine
▶ It’s much same as other vehicles engine,
but the size of hybrid electric vehicle
engine is small and it’s more fuel efficient.
▶ There are two types of engine, mostly
used in HEV vehicle
a. Petrol Engine
b. Diesel Engine
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Fig: Engine

15. Parts of HEV vehicle
2. Battery
▶ It stores the energy generated from gasoline
engine or during regenerative braking, from
the electric motor.
▶ There are 3 types of batteries used in HEV
vehicles
a. Lead Acid(2.2 volt)
b. Nickel Cadmium (1.2 volt)
c. Lithium-ion(3.7 volt)
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Fig: Battery

16. Parts of HEV vehicle
3. Electrical Motor
▶ It’s power the vehicle at low speed and
assist the gasoline engine when additional
power is needed.
▶ Most of the electric machines used in
hybrid vehicles are brushless DC motors
(BLDC).
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Fig: Electrical Motor

17. Parts of HEV vehicle
4. Controller
▶ The controller is used to charge the
battery or to supply the power to electric
motor.
a. Converts Battery DC to a chopped DC
power
b. Can chop in amplitude (DC) or frequency
(AC)
c. Power is based on low voltage input signal
4-20 mA or 0-5V
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Fig: Controller

18. Parts of HEV vehicle
5. Generator
▶ It converts mechanical energy from engine
into electrical energy, which can be used
by electric motor stored in the battery. It’s
also used to start the gasoline engine
instantly.
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Fig: Generator

19. Advantages of HEV
▶ Savings
▶ Low Emissions
▶ Reduced Noise Pollution
▶ Low Maintenance
▶ Safe to Drive
Low
Emission
Less Noise
Improved
fuel
Efficiency
19
Fig: Advantages

20. Disadvantages of HEV
▶ Hybrids are more expensive than non-
hybrids.
▶ Hybrids (in regards to a car accident) have
a much higher risk of exploding because it
has a combination of gasoline and
ethanol.
▶ Sometimes they can be pretty ugly.
▶ Parts can be very expensive to repair.
(between $1,00,000 and $3,00,000 for a
battery).
▶ Slower than petrol powered cars.
More
Expensive
Low Power
Costly
Maintenanc
e
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Fig: Disadvantages

21. Future Scope
▶ All the Major Automobile manufactures are working on Hybrid Electrical Vehicle.
▶ Heavy vehicle like trucks will be use hybrid system in future.
▶ Efficiency of hybrid electric vehicle will further increase in future.
▶ Safety features will be add in new generation hybrid car or other vehicle.
▶ Power of car have to increase in future.
▶ Price of vehicle will reduce due to increase in production rate of hybrid electric
vehicles.
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22. Tata’s hybrid Product
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Fig: Tata Starbus hybrid

23. Thank you.
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