The document discusses the structure and development of the ovaries. It begins with an introduction to obstetrics/gynecology and the objectives of understanding ovarian structure and development. It then describes the ovaries' location, structure including layers like the tunica albuginea and stroma, and relations to other organs. Development is explained starting from the millions of primordial follicles present at birth down to the 400 eggs that mature over a woman's lifetime. The lecture concludes with an exercise, learning outcomes, and references.

1. Program: B.Sc Nursing, 3rd Year
BNSG-501MSN
Unit No.2. Review of anatomy and physiology of female
reproductive system
Topic- Ovary
Lecture No. 2
Dr. Sudharani B Banappagoudar
Professor, SONS/OBG
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2. Outline
• Introduction
• Ovary Structure
• Development of Ovary
• Learning outcomes
• Exercise
• References
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3. INTRODUCTION
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A branch of medicine that specializes in the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth and
in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive organs. It also specializes in
other women's health issues, such as menopause, hormone problems, contraception (birth
control), and infertility.
OB/GYN: A commonly used abbreviation. ... An obstetrician/gynecologist (OB/GYN) is
therefore a physician who both delivers babies and treats diseases of the female reproductive
organs.

4. Objectives
• The student will be able to Understand and Explain
• Structure of Ovary
• Development of Ovary
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5. OVARY

6. Ovaries
Ovaries are the primary female sex organs that produce the female gamete
(ovum) and several steroid hormones (ovarian hormones).
Oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus.
The ovaries are located one on each side of the lower abdomen.
Each ovary is about 2 to 4 cm in length and is connected to the pelvic wall
and uterus by ligaments.
Location of
Ovaries
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7. Ovary
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8. OVARIES
The ovaries are usually pearl-colored, oblong, and about the size of a walnut.
They are attached to the uterus by ligaments. In addition to producing female sex
hormones
( estrogen and progesterone ) and male sex hormones, the ovaries produce and release
eggs.
The developing egg cells (oocytes) are contained in fluid-filled cavities (follicles) in the wall
of the ovaries. Each follicle contains one oocyte.
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9. STRUCTURE
Each ovary has a hilus – blood vessels and nerves enter
Several layers:
Germinal epithelium – simple squalors cells
Tunica albuginea- white capsule of C. T.
Stroma – connective tissue, can be divided into:
Medulla –supporting frame work
Made of fibrous tissue loose connective tissue
Has ovarian blood vessels
Lymphatics and nerve travels through it
Cortex - contains ovarian follicles in different stage
– consist of oocytes at various stages of development Functioning part of the ovum
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10. Single layer – follicular cells
Several layers – granulosa cells
Mature or Graafian follicle is a large, fluid-filled follicle that will rupture and release a
secondary oocyte in process called ovulation.
Corpus luteum is the remnant of a ruptured follicle – produces estrogen, progesterone and
relaxin until degenerates into the corpus albicans.
STRUCTURE
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11. Anterior to the ovaries are the broad ligaments
Posterior to the ovaries are the intestine
Laterally to the ovaries are the infundibulopelvic ligaments and side walls of the pelvis
Superior to the ovaries lie the uterine tube
Inferior to the ovaries lies the ovarian ligaments
RELATIONS
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12. Series of Structure supporting are ligaments
3 ligaments
1. MESOVARIUM
Posterior side of uterus in a double fold of peritoneum prevents posterior deviation.
2.OVARIAN LIGAMENT
Initiates from lateral wall of uterus and attaches to ovary and prevents lateral deviation.
3.SUSPENSARY/INFINDUBILO PELVIC LIGAMENT
Initiates from lateral wall and attaches to pelvic and prevents lateral deviation.
LIGAMENTS
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13. DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIES
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14. DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIES
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15. DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIES
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16. Artery –ovarian and abdominal aorta
Venous – ovarian vein
LYMPHATIC
Along the ovarian vessels to para-aortic nodes
NERVE SUPPLY
ovarian nerves from T10 segment
BLOOD SUPPLY
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17. Oogenesis
During fetal development, germ cells differentiate into oogonia
millions of germ cells.
Many degenerate, but a few develop into primary oocytes that enter Prophase I of
meiosis before birth – stop there.
At birth, about 1 million oogonia and primary oocytes in each ovary.
About 400 mature over a woman’s lifetime.
Primordial follicle – primary oocyte and single layer of follicular cells
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18. Layer of glycoprotein, the zona pellucida, separates oocyte from the
granulosa cells.
Ovarian cells outside follicle form two layers:
Inner vascular layer (theca interna) that secretes hormones
Outer fibrous layer (theca externa) – connective tissue.
Granulosa cells begin to secrete fluid, forms a cavity called the antrum. After puberty, each
month one secondary follicle resumes meiosis. Meiosis I results in two unequal cells –
secondary oocyte and a polar body. Begins to divide again but stops at metaphase II.
Oogenesis
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19. Oogenesis
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20. Oogenesis
At ovulation, secondary oocyte and polar body are released.
If not fertilized, degenerates.
If penetrated by sperm, meiosis resumes, forming ovum and another polar body.
Nuclei of ovum and sperm unite to form a
zygote. (2n or diploid).
So, meiosis results in ONE OVUM and three
polar bodies (which degenerate).
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21. EXERCISE
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Explain the structure of ovary in detail

22. LEARNING OUTCOMES
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The student explain about
Explain about menstrual cycle.

23. Student effective learning outcome
1.Application of concepts of topic & it’s technological application.
2. Critical and innovative thinking skills
3.Life long learning ability
4.Ability to observe and develop sense making , logical skills for abstract concepts.
5.Ability to understand subject related concepts clearly along with contemporary issues
6.Ability to collaborate
7.Ability to be a lifelong learner
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24. REFERENCES
• Sara Howard (2013) Midwifery retrieved April 17, 2014 from www.powershow.com
• CordeliaS.H.(2014) A brief History Of Midwifery in America. Retrieved April 11, 2014 from
wholisticmaternalnewbornhealth.org/professio nal-education/history-of-midwifery
• midwifeinsight.com/articles/a-short-history-of- midwifery/,retrieved April 18,2014.

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