notes of 11 science

1. DIGESTION & ABSORPTION
BY:
Dr. Manisha Kapoor

8. Pg 158 module 1

9. TONGUE, SALIVA, SALIVARY GLAND

12. Pg: 159 module 1

14. ALIMENTARY CANAL: OESOPHAGUS

16. ➢ Wall of intestine thin layer of longitudinal & circular muscles.
➢ Mucosa has fold villi towards lumen
➢ Villi-microvilli Increase absorption
➢ Lymph vessel (lacteals) & blood capillary
Glands:
• Crypts of lieberkuhn –epithelial cell- secrete mucus
• Paneth cell - dig enzyme
• Argentaffin cells- secrete hormones
• Brunners gland- located submucosa-secrete mucus
• Diffused pathches of lymphoid tissues –S.I- Peyer’s pathches(mainly
illeum)

17. LARGE INTESTINE
CECUM
• Blind Sac
• House Of Good Bacteria-symbiotic
• Finger Like Vestigal Organ- Vermiform Appendix
COLON
● Water absorption
● Asending, transverse, descending,sigmoid
● Pelvic colon leads to rectum
● Bacteria- - make vitamin B1 & K
● Goblet cell-release mucus
● Longitudinal muscles bands contracted-Taniae coil
● Pouches- Haustra
RECTUM
• Last part of alimentry canal
• Storage site of for faecal matter.
• Open out side through anus

19. • Thin mesothelium
• Absent in oesophagus (external adventia)
Of smooth muscles
(Loose connective tissue)
& nerves

22. mesothelium
Submucosal plexus: control the secretion of dig gland
Plexus of Aurbach: Peristaltic movement

25. Present outside buccal cavity

26. /duct of Bartholin

27. Amylase is found in saliva and in the pancreas. Amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis (breaking down) of starch,
glycogen and related polysaccharides into more simple and readily usable forms of sugar. AMYLASE has an
OPTIMAL RANGE of pH and Temperature which is pH = 7 (neutral) and 37 degrees C.
Saliva-6.8 pH
Stomach gastric juice-1.8
Intestine-7.8
Activation of salivary amylase

28. bicarbonate

29. Renin
Gastric lipase

31. Source Action site Action
G cell-
Gastrin
Stomach Stomach stimulates gastric glands to release
HCL & Pepsinogen
S cell-
Secretin
Duodenum Pancreas stimulate it to release HCO3
CCK cells-
Cholecystokinin
Duodenum Gall bladder
Pancreas
i) Release bile by contracting
gallbladder ii)
Release pancreatic enzymes
K Cell-
GIP
Duodenum Stomach Gastric secretion decrease----Release
Gastric Inhibitory peptide
1st hormone to
discover
Enteroendocrine Cells
Hormone releasing cells found in Mucosa of GIT.

32. LIVER

33. Lobule has many hepatic cells arranged as cord
around central vein. (secrete alkaline bile juice)

35. • Bile salt (derived from cholestrol)
➢ Sodium taurtorate ,
➢ potassium glycocholate
• Bile pigments
➢ Bilirubin
➢ Biliverdin
• HCo3
• Water
Gall Bladder :
Storage & concentration of bile
Removal-cystectomy

37. Endocrine - Islet of Langerhans

38. The Duct System Liver & Pancreas
d

39. Sphincter of Oddi
Hepatopancreatic Ampulla/
Ampulla of Vater
Hepatopancreatic duct

41. carb
Prot
Lipid N.A
(steapsins)
(amylopsin)
(Rnase, Dnase)

42. Secreting succus entericus
pH 7.3
Enterocyte cell-Mucosa
Carbohydrate
• Intestinal amylase
• Sucrase
• Maltase
• Lactase
Protein
• Aminopeptidase
• dipeptidase
• Enterokinase
Fat
• lipase
Nuclease
• nucleotidases
• nucleosidases
• Phosphotases

43. DIGESTION OF FOOD

44. (voluntary)

46. Secretin:
Liver Pancreas (HCO3)-Neutralises the acidity of chyme

48. Pancreas -Exocrine function
Proteases-Trypsinogen, Chymotrypsinogen, Procarboxypeptidase, Proelastase- (INACTIVE ENZ)
Enterokinase- Small intestine---Activate above enzyme
Endopeptidase Exopeptidase
1. Pancreatic Amylase: Starch---------> Maltose
2. Pancreatic lipase: Lipid--------> diglyceride----------->Monoglycerides
3. Nucleases: -----------Nucleic acid digestion
DNA------DNAse-------> Nucleotide
RNA------RNAse-------> Nucleotide

51. Carbohydrate Protein Lipid Nucleic acid
Buccal cavity Salivary
amylase
Stomach Pepsin, Renin Gastric lipase
Pancreas-
Pancreatic juice
P. amylase Trypsin,
Chymotrypsin,
Carboxypeptidase
Pancreatic Lipase Nuclease
Small intestine
(Succus
entericus)
Maltase,
sucrase, lactase
Aminopeptidase,
Dipeptidase
Lipase Phosphatase
Nucleosidase
Substrate digestion in different part of alimentary canal

52. LARGE INTESTINE
CECUM
BLIND SAC
HOUSE OF GOOD BACTERIA-
SYMBIOTIC LYMPHOID TISSUE
COLON
● Water absorption
● Bacteria- - make vitamin B1 & K
● Goblet cell-release mucus
● Longitudinal muscles bands
contracted-Taniae coil
● Pouches- Haustra
a

53. Sensory receptors
Motor receptor
Egestion- whole
process
Defecation-
removal of feces
from the body
process

56. (d) : Physiological value is the energy produced by 1 gm of food on oxidation
in the body. For carbohydrates it is 4.0 Kcal/g, for proteins it is 4.0 Kcal/g
and it is 9.0 Kcal/g for fats. Lignin is a fibre that is present in plant cells but it
does not produce energy. Hence

61. ABSORPTION OF GLYCEROL FATTY ACID-SIMPLE DIFFUSION

62. BUCCAL CAVITY STOMACH SMALL INTESTINE LARGE
INTESTINE
Drugs Alcohol
Water
Simple sugar
Majority of digested
products-
1. Glucose
2. Fructose
3. Amino acid
4. Glycerol, Fatty
acid
5. Na+ Cl-
Water
Drugs
Minerals
Peg
ABSORPTION IN DIFFERENT PART OF THE GIT

64. 1. No enzyme
2. Exocrine secretion
Lipase activation
Physical breakdown
b

67. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASES