Human Rights, History, Scope and Nature

1. Abay_Barbas_ppt

2. HISTORY

3. Origin of Human Rights
Men revolted against the concept
of the "Divine Right of Kings."
In the Middle Ages in the 1215, Magna
Carta was delivered by King John.
The Americans revolting against
the English King in 1776 declared
their own Bill of Rights.
The French in 1789 proclaimed the
Declaration of the Rights of Man where
it was declared that all men are born
free and equal and affirmed the
inalienable rights of man.
These arose from
the struggle of man
against injustices of
despotic rulers.
Eventually most democratic
countries adopted in their
respective constitutions their
own Bill of Rights.

4. Famous Documents in History that contained concepts of Human Rights
Magna Carta of 1215 First English Constitution delivered by King John, it
guaranteed personal liberties and civil rights
Bill of Rights of 1689
This document asserted by the Americans revolting from
English that all men by nature are fully free and
independent and have inherent rights such as :
• enjoyment of life and liberty;
• the means of acquiring and possessing of properties; and
• obtaining happiness.
This document guaranteed freedom from cruel and unusual
punishment and excessive fines which was laid down by the
Revolutionaries of England.
Bill of Rights of 1776
Rights of Man 1789 This document declared that all men are born free and
equal affirmed the inalienable rights of men.

5. The struggle of
the respect of
human rights was
initially a domestic
or national issue.
…but atrocities committed on mass of people during
the World War II convinced international jurists
that protection of human rights should be an
international concern.
How Human Rights Became an International Concern

6. How Was Human Rights Introduced in the Philippines
Jose Rizal wrote
about the abuses of
the Spanish
authorities in his
books and he was
executed for it.
Since 1896 the educated
Filipinos were already aware
of the American and English
Bill of Rights, and the Malolos
Constitution was adopted in
1899.
The Malolos Constitution
contained provisions that
guaranteed:
• freedom from arbitrary
arrest and detention;
• freedom from searches
and seizures;
• freedom to choose
domicile and;
• freedom of religion.

7. Historical Events in the Philippines which Prompted the Filipinos to
Protect and Promote Human Rights
Colonial Spanish Regime
Military Rule of Japan
from 1942-1944
Martial Law of President
Marcos

8. Historical Events in the Philippines which Prompted the Filipinos to
Protect and Promote Human Rights
Under Aquino, new
political detainees
again begin to fill
the jails.
In addition, military operation
intensified creating tens of
thousands of internal
refugees throughout the
country, in the late 1980s.
On another ominous note,
extra-judicial killing
continued and leading
activists were
assassinated by military
elements under the
Aquino Presidency.

9. Historical Events in the Philippines which Prompted the Filipinos to
Protect and Promote Human Rights
Estrada government with the
1998 declaration of War against
the Moro peoples in Mindanao-Sulu.
When Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo came to power
Members of legal political organizations such
as Bayan, Bayan Muna and the human rights
group Karapatan were targeted for arrest
and in some instances summary execution.

10. Historical Events in the Philippines which Prompted the Filipinos to
Protect and Promote Human Rights
Under the
government of
Rodrigo Duterte.
The war on drugs
Siege of Marawi in 2017
The declaration of Martial Law in
Mindanao

11. Scope of Human Rights

12. Scope of Human Rights
Civil Rights Civil rights are the rights which the law will enforce at the instance
of individuals without discrimination for the enjoyment of their lives,
liberty and means of happiness
Political Rights
They are generally stated as positive undertakings or obligations of
the government to ensure economic well being of the people.
Political rights are especially catering to the right to participate
directly or indirectly in the establishment or administration of
government. Political rights are rights to enable people to participate
in running the affairs of the government.
Social Rights
 Economic Rights To promote high standard of living, full enjoyment and conditions of
economic and social progress and development.
Cultural Rights Rights that aim at assuring the enjoyment of culture and its
components in conditions of equality, human dignity and non
discrimination

13. Nature of Human Rights
INHERENT UNIVERSAL INALIENABLE
INDIVISIBLE INTERDEPENDENT

14. Nature of Human Rights
They attach to the
person as soon as he
or she is born.
They are our
birthright
No laws are necessary in
order for us to possess
or enjoy them.

15. Nature of Human Rights
UNIVERSAL
All human beings, regardless of
race, color, sex, language, religion,
national or social origin, or status,
are equally entitled to them.
The human rights of Filipinos
are the same as those of other
Asians, Europeans, or people of
other races.

16. Nature of Human Rights
INALIENABLE
They cannot be taken away
from us without due
process of law.

17. Nature of Human Rights
INDIVISIBLE
INTERDEPENDENT
They cannot be divided or compartmentalized.
Neither can they be ranked
in hierarchical order because
they have equal status as
rights and are intrinsically
linked to each other.

18. Philippine Blooming Mills Employees Organizaton vs. Philippine Blooming Mills Co., Inc.,
G.R. No.L-31195, 5 June 1973
The petitioner Philippine Blooming Mills Employees Organization (PBMEO) is a legitimate
labor union composed of the employees of the respondent Philippine Blooming Mills Co., Inc., and
petitioners are officers and members of the petitioner Union. Petitioners claim that on March 1,1969,
they decided to stage a mass demonstration at Malacañang on March 4, 1969, in protest against
alleged abuses of the Pasig police, to be participated in by the workers in the 1st—3rd shifts (6am-
2pm, 7am-4am, 8am-5pm); and that they informed the respondent Company of their proposed
demonstration. Despite the pleas of the respondent Company that the first ship workers should not be
required to participate in the demonstration, a charge against petitioners and other employees who
composed the first ship, charging them with a "violation of Section 4(a)-6 in relation to Sections 13
and 14, as well as Section 15, all of Republic Act No. 875, and of the CBA providing for “No Strike
and No Lockout”.
Facts:

19. Philippine Blooming Mills Employees Organization vs. Philippine Blooming Mills Co., Inc.,
G.R. No.L-31195, 5 June 1973
The respondent Court, (CIR), ruled against herein petitioner, PBMEO, guilty of bargaining in
bad faith and found the 8 officers as directly responsible for perpetrating the said unfair labor practice
and were, as a consequence, considered to have lost their status as employees of the
respondent Company. Further, motion for reconsideration by PBMEO was denied due to the
prescription period of the filing of the said motion (procedural basis). Hence, this petition.
Facts:
Issues:
Whether the human rights—freedom of expression, of peaceful assembly and of petition for redress
of grievances—of the petitioners have been violated.

20. Philippine Blooming Mills Employees Organization vs. Philippine Blooming Mills Co., Inc.,
G.R. No.L-31195, 5 June 1973
Yes, freedom of expression, of peaceful assembly and of petition for redress of grievances—
of the petitioners have been violated by the respondent Court and Company.
The rights of free expression, free assembly and petition, are not only civil rights but also
political rights essential woman's enjoyment of his life… In a democracy, the preservation and
enhancement of the dignity and worth of the human personality is the central core as well as the
cardinal article of faith of our civilization.
Property and property rights can be lost thru prescription; but human rights are
imprescriptible. In the hierarchy of civil liberties, the rights of free expression and of assembly occupy
a preferred positon as they are essential to the preservation and vitality of our civil and political
institutions; and such priority "gives these liberties the sanctity and the sanction not permitting
dubious intrusions."
Ruling:

21. THANK YOU!!!
SOURCES:
https://ochrp.wordpress.com/2013/01/27/human-rights-in-the-philippines-a-brief-history/
https://www.scribd.com/document/354681470/HUMAN-RIGHTS-LAW-Q-A-JORGE-COQUIA-Book