1. Cost Reduction through Engineering
Issues:
- Subsidies are going down
- Low hanging fruits in wind are picked
- Bankability becomes more difficult
Costs:
- Are determined in engineering phase
- Savings are also determined in engineering phase!
Engineering Impact: Solutions:
-Early involvement of engineering
CAPEX OPEX -Allow enough time for engineering
-Material usage - Maintenance -Concept optimization
-Fabrication costs - Life time extension -Invest (People, Tools, Methodologies,Standards & Codes)
-Transport & installation - Reliability -Learn from experience.
-Account for bigger engineering budget!
Engineering Budget (% of total project budget)
-Oil & Gas 5-10%
Engineering
-Automotive 5-8% €
-Machine building 10-15%
-Aerospace 15-20%
CAPEX & OPEX
-Offshore wind <1% ??
Time