Grp 1 sea_final

a n a l , A m o l , H i m a B i n d u , R a m y a , R o h i t , S a g a r S o n a l 1 | P a g e
EIA LAB – EP 2010
Strategic Environmental Assessment – Sikkim Tourism Policy
2010

EIA LAB – EP 2010
2010
Contents
1 Executive Summary..............................................................................................................................6
2 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................8
2.1 Introduction to SEA ......................................................................................................................8
2.1.1 SEA - As a front-line instrument ........................................................................................8
2.1.2 Strategic Environmental Assessment Stages ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2 Introduction to Sikkim ..................................................................................................................8
2.3 History of Sikkim:.........................................................................................................................9
3 Aims and Objectives...........................................................................................................................11
3.1 Aim .............................................................................................................................................11
3.2 Objectives ...................................................................................................................................11
3.2.1 Methodology.......................................................................................................................11
4 Review of Major Thrust Areas Of Sikkim..........................................................................................12
4.1 Introduction:................................................................................................................................12
4.1.1 Sikkim’s GSDP:..................................................................................................................12
4.1.2 Key Industries in Sikkim: ...................................................................................................13
4.2 IT Policy of Sikkim, 2006:..........................................................................................................13
4.2.1 IT Policy Initiatives:............................................................................................................13
4.3 Industrial policy of Sikkim, 2007: ..............................................................................................13
4.3.1 Industrial Policy Initiatives:................................................................................................14
4.4 Sikkim Tourism Policy, 2010: ....................................................................................................14
4.4.1 Tourism Policy Initiatives and Objectives:.........................................................................14
5 SIKKIM TOURISM POLICY 2010...................................................................................................15
5.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................15
5.1.1 Evolution of Tourism in Sikkim: ........................................................................................15
5.1.2 Tourism Trend in Sikkim:...................................................................................................16
5.2 Mission Statements of Sikkim Tourism Policy 2010:.................................................................17
5.3 Development of Tourism Infrastructure: ....................................................................................18
5.4 Major Tourism Thrust Areas in Sikkim:.....................................................................................18
5.4.1 Eco -Tourism: .....................................................................................................................19
5.4.2 Village/Rural Tourism: .......................................................................................................19
5.4.3 Adventure Tourism / Adventure Sports:.............................................................................19
5.4.4 Wellness, Health, Yoga & Herbal Medical Tourism:.........................................................19
5.4.5 Forests & Wildlife Tourism:...............................................................................................20
5.4.6 Bio-diversity Tourism:........................................................................................................20
5.4.7 Flori-Tourism:.....................................................................................................................20
5.4.8 MICE Tourism: Meetings, Incentives, Convention and Exhibition: ..................................20
5.4.9 Nature and Trekking Tourism:............................................................................................21
5.4.10 Fairs and Festivals Tourism:...............................................................................................21
5.4.11 Arts Crafts and Souvenir Tourism: .....................................................................................21
5.4.12 Pilgrimage Tourism: ...........................................................................................................21
5.4.13 Premium Tourists Destinations:..........................................................................................22
5.4.14 Heli Tourism:......................................................................................................................22
5.5 Creation and Management of World Class Infrastructure: .........................................................22
5.5.1 Roads: .................................................................................................................................22
5.5.2 Railways:.............................................................................................................................22
5.5.3 Airport:................................................................................................................................22

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5.5.4 Transport:............................................................................................................................22
5.5.5 Accommodation:.................................................................................................................23
5.5.6 Modern Wayside Amenities- Washrooms-Motels:.............................................................23
5.6 Responsible Tourism: .................................................................................................................23
6 Need for SEA for Sikkim Tourism Policy 2010.................................................................................24
6.1 Introduction:................................................................................................................................24
6.2 Environmental sensitiveness of Sikkim:.....................................................................................25
6.3 Environmental Clearance & Legislations: ..................................................................................25
6.4 Sikkim Tourism Policy 2010 and Need for SEA:.......................................................................26
6.5 Conflicts between Sikkim Environmental Policy and Sikkim Tourism Policy: .........................27
6.6 Tourist Influx and Investments in Tourism Sector: ....................................................................28
7 Field Study..........................................................................................................................................29
7.1 Primary Surveys..........................................................................................................................29
7.2 Focus group Discussions:............................................................................................................29
7.2.1 FGD’s with the Drivers Association:..................................................................................29
7.2.2 FGD’s with the Hotels Association: ...................................................................................29
7.2.3 Hotels in Sikkim..................................................................................................................30
7.2.4 FGD’s with the Villagers (Village Tourism): .....................................................................30
7.3 Analysis.......................................................................................................................................31
7.4 Sikkim Tourist Circuits...............................................................................................................32
7.5 Case Studies................................................................................................................................34
7.5.1 Case study: Ropeway Project, Namchi...............................................................................35
7.5.2 Case Study: Kabi Village, North Sikkim............................................................................36
7.5.3 Case Study :Sramsa Garden, Ranipool ...............................................................................37
7.5.4 Case Study: Prision Tourism...............................................................................................38
7.5.5 Case Study: Singtam Water Garden....................................................................................39
7.5.6 Case Study: Banjakri Water Falls .......................................................................................40
7.5.7 Case Study – Kanchenzonga Tourist Villa .........................................................................41
7.5.8 Case study: Pelling..............................................................................................................42
7.5.9 Case Study: Kanchanzonga Water falls & Khechuperi Wishing Lake...............................43
7.5.10 Case Study :Char dham, South Sikkim...............................................................................44
7.5.11 Case Study : Nature Own Bon Farm House,Kewzing, South Sikkim ................................45
7.5.12 Case Study: Maniram Tourist Village.................................................................................46
8 Scoping of Components......................................................................................................................47
8.1 Descriptive Checklist..................................................................................................................47
8.1.1 Projects identified ...............................................................................................................47
8.1.2 Project Scoring:...................................................................................................................47
8.1.3 Scoping Conclusion: ...........................................................................................................49
9 Base line Scenario...............................................................................................................................50
9.1 Physiographic Features ...............................................................................................................50
9.1.1 Location & geography ........................................................................................................50
9.1.2 Climate................................................................................................................................51
9.1.3 Flora....................................................................................................................................51
9.1.4 Fauna...................................................................................................................................52
9.1.5 People..................................................................................................................................52
9.1.6 Geology of sikkim...............................................................................................................52
9.1.7 Geomorphology ..................................................................................................................53
9.1.8 Natural resources.................................................................................................................54
9.1.9 Climate................................................................................................................................55
9.1.10 Temperature ........................................................................................................................55
9.1.1 Rainfall................................................................................................................................56

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10 Infrastructure...................................................................................................................................57
10.1 State Programmes: ......................................................................................................................57
10.1.1 National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)......................................................57
10.1.2 Pradhan Mantri Gramin Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)..............................................................58
10.1.3 Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP):...................................................58
10.1.4 Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC): .....................................................................................58
10.1.5 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM):.....................................58
10.1.6 Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY):.....................................................58
10.1.7 Indira Awaas Yojana:..........................................................................................................59
11 Socio-Economic Condition.............................................................................................................60
12 Impact Identification.......................................................................................................................62
12.1 Receptor Sensitivity....................................................................................................................62
12.1.1 Special Criteria Regions......................................................................................................62
12.1.2 Developable Areas..............................................................................................................62
12.1.3 Zoning the Tourist Activity.................................................................................................62
12.2 RECEPTOR SENSITIVITY.......................................................................................................63
12.3 Model Development....................................................................................................................64
13 Impact Prediction............................................................................................................................67
13.1 Projected Tourist Inflow .............................................................................................................67
13.1.1 Impact Prediction:...............................................................................................................68
13.1.2 Impact Prediction – Trekking Development.......................................................................69
13.1.3 Overall impact assessment..................................................................................................70
13.1.4 Location Criteria for Tourist Activity.................................................................................71
14 Environmental Management Plan (EMP).......................................................................................73
14.1 Strategic environmental management framework (semf)...........................................................73
14.2 Summary Recommendations for predicted impacts: ..................................................................73
14.3 Safeguard Measures for Tourism activities & Stakeholder Analysis: ........................................74
14.3.1 Cultural Tourism:................................................................................................................75
14.3.2 Trekking Tourism: ..............................................................................................................75
14.3.3 Village Tourism: Infrastructure for environmental improvement.......................................76
14.3.4 Adventure Tourism:............................................................................................................76
14.3.5 Premium Destination Tourism:...........................................................................................78
14.4 Effective Communication Strategies: .........................................................................................79
14.5 Overall Management Framework ...............................................................................................79
Tourist Survey( ......................................................................................................................................81

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List Of Figures
Figure 4-1: Policy Thrust Areas of Sikkim.................................................................................................12
Figure 4-2: Sikkim’s GSDP Growth Rate...................................................................................................12
Figure 4-3 : % Distribution of GSDP, Sikkim............................................................................................13
Figure 5-1-Tourists Influx trends in Sikkim, 1980-2007............................................................................16
Figure 6-1: Schematics of tourism development (source: Butler and Murphy)..........................................24
Figure 7-1- Tourist circuit map...................................................................................................................32
Figure 10-1: Utilization Capacity ...............................................................................................................57
Figure 12-1: Flowchart for the Socio-economic Model..............................................................................64
Figure 12-2: Flowchart for the Utilization Capacity Model .......................................................................64
Figure 12-3 -Proposed projects location .....................................................................................................66
Figure 14-1: Strategic Environmental Management Framework is outcome of initial assessment of Sikkim
....................................................................................................................................................................73
List Of Tables
Table 1 : Evolution of Tourism Sector in Sikkim.......................................................................................16
Table 2- Projects identified for Scoping .....................................................................................................47
Table 3- Scoping of Parameters..................................................................................................................49
Table 4- Receptor Sensitivity Parameters...................................................................................................63
Table 5- Tourist Projections........................................................................................................................67
Table 6- Projected tourist traffic inflow......................................................................................................67
Table 7 - District wise share of Tourist Activities......................................................................................68
Table 8- Impact Prediction..........................................................................................................................70
Table 9- Overall Impact Assessment ..........................................................................................................71
Table 10- Location criteria for Tourist Activity .........................................................................................71

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1 Acknowledgement
We take this opportunity in expressing our gratitude and thanks to our faculty Prof. B. Saswat, Dr.
S.K. Acharya for their guidance, help, support and valuable suggestions to improve our work
throughout the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Lab duration. With their enthusiasm,
inspiration, and great efforts to explain things clearly and simply a tough job of EIA approach
became easier and a true learning experience.
We are grateful to the Urban Housing and Development Authority of Gangtok as they helped
immensely during our study and we again express our gratitude to Dr. S.K. Acharya for providing
us with the required contacts in Sikkim..
We are greatly privileged to express our deep sense of gratitude Mr. Baduria, Secretary of Sikkim
Tourism Department, KN Topgay, Mayor of Gangtok Municipal Corporation, Mr. Anil Roy,
Municipal Commissioner of Gangtok Municipal Corporation, Mr. Sandeep Thambe, Assistant
Director of RM&MD, for providing the secondary data in Sikkim
We are also thankful and indebted to people & tourists of Sikkim for their cooperation, support and
patience during our surveys, case studies and focus group discussions.
We are also thankful to Mr. Subhransu G, Mr. Ajay K, and Mr. Mahroof for their valuable input
during the internal reviews. Last but not the least we are thankful to our team for our efforts, support
during deadlines and entertainment, for all those tiffs between us during pressure. We would like to
give a special mention to Regional EIA and Project Specific EIA team, for maintaining a competitive
spirit throughout the lab, thus motivating us to develop a good output.
SEA TEAM

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2 Executive Summary
Strategic Environmental Assessment is a systematic, on-going process for evaluating, the environmental
quality, and consequences, of development intentions incorporated in policy, planning or programme
initiatives, ensuring full integration of relevant biophysical, economic, social and political considerations.
The objective is to develop more sound and environmentally-sensitive policies and plans incorporating
the necessary requirements for the subsequent development of projects.
The Ecological fragility and pristine nature of Sikkim attracted tourist from last few decades. The
Government started identifying tourism as a major economic driver. Corresponding to this development
Sikkim initiated several green programmes and visions to develop Sikkim as an Organic state. The draft
Tourism policy of 2010 places this point right ahead.
Unlike a project specific EIA which is legally mandatory, SEA is of recent origin in India. The need for
Strategic Environment Assessment has been derived from fact that tourist flow would bring about stress
in regions having carrying capacity limitations. The level of acceptability of tourist inflow highly depends
on the carrying capacity of the given setting in terms of infrastructure, amenities human resources and
attitude of host population. This made us sensitive to the fact that any policy of this nature which would
guide the programmes and activities at local level has to be responsive to Environmental, socio cultural
and Heritage issues which make Sikkim stand unique.
The methodology adopted in a usual project specific EIA had been taken up and parameters that are
linked to tourism and Environment have been identified. The Tourism and stakeholder surveys though
conducted in an off season helped us understand the issues related to infrastructure augmentation, societal
problems due to increased influx, cultural mix leading to an undesirable loss of Regional character. A
receptor sensitivity model has been developed which would enable us to grade the region in terms of its
potential to take up an additional activity.
The concentration of tourist activities has been studied and impact predictions have been developed in
view of the tourist projections for the year 2020.A suggestive framework of Recommendations and
activity citation criteria have been developed. Safe guard measures for tourist activities in special criteria
regions have been formulated. A brief stakeholder analysis stipulating their roles and responsibilities has
been developed.

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3 Introduction
3.1 Introduction to SEA
SEA is a systematic, on-going process for evaluating, at the earliest appropriate stage of publicly
accountable decision-making, the environmental quality, and
consequences, of alternative visions and development
intentions incorporated in policy, planning or programme
initiatives, ensuring full integration of relevant biophysical,
economic, social and political considerations.
3.1.1 SEA - As a front-line instrument
More sound and environmentally-sensitive policies and plans
would incorporate the necessary requirements for the
subsequent development of projects. It is often presented as an
assessment tool contributive to the accountability of natural
capital depletion, helping to focus on maintaining the “source
and sink” functions of natural systems or assisting the
decision-making process by influencing the design of more
sustainable policies and strategies. Integration of environmental
concerns in policy and planning processes.
Levels of decision-making in environmental assessment
Policy Road-map with defined objectives, set priorities,
rules and mechanisms to implement objectives
Planning Priorities, options and measures for resource
allocation according to resource suitability and
availability, following the orientation, and
implementing, relevant sectoral and global
policies.
Programme Organized agenda with defined objectives to be
achieved during programme implementation, with
specification of activities and programmes
investments, in the framework of relevant policies
and plans
Project A detailed proposal, scheme or design of any
development action or activity, which represents
an investment, involves construction works and
implements policy / planning objectives.
3.2 Introduction to Sikkim
Sikkim is the 22nd state of India came into existence with effect from 26th April, 1975. Sikkim has been
divided into four districts and each district has further been bifurcated into two sub-divisions for
administrative purpose. Being a part of inner mountain ranges of Himalayas, it is hilly having varied
elevation ranging from 300 to 8540 meters. But the habitable areas are only up to the altitude of 2100 mt
constituting only 20% of the total area of the state. The highest portion of sikkim lies in its north west

EIA LAB – EP 2010
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direction. A large number of mountains having altitudes of about seven thousand meters stands here with
- Kanchenjunga (8598 m.),
The third highest peak in the world. The high serrated, snow capped spurs and peaks of Kanchenjunga
look attractive consisting of Kumbha Karna (7711 m.), Pendem (6706 m.), Narsingh (5825 m.), Kabru
Dome (6545 m.), etc. A number of glaciers descends from eastern slopes of Kanchenjunga into Sikkim
where snow clad line is found above 5300 mtrs. The biggest of them is Zemu, from whose snout above
Lachen monastery rises the river Teesta. Teesta is the main river and its main tributaries are Zemu,
Lachung, Rangyong, Dikchu, Rongli, Rangpo and Rangit which form the main channel of drainage from
the north to the south. It boasts of the great mount Kanchendzonga as its crown.
Ethically Sikkim has mainly three groups of people viz. Nepalis, Bhutias, Lepchas. The local language is
Nepali. English is the official language. This jewel- like mountain state of ethereal beauty with an area of
7299 sq. kms , nestles in the heart of Himalayas. Cradled in the manifold splendors of nature deep within
the snow clad Himalayas is Sikkim's capital Gangtok. Wrapped in mists and clouds, a garden state with
an incredible variety of rhododendrons & a host of other flowers.
3.3 History of Sikkim:
Not much is known about Sikkim's ancient history, except for the fact that the first inhabitants
were the Lepchas or Rong (ravine folk). They were later encompassed and absorbed by other
clans. Sikkim also finds its mention on many Hindu texts as Indrakil or garden of Lord Indra.
The timeline for the history of Sikkim is given below:
1730: The gompa was built during the time of 12th Karmapa, Jangchub Dorje (1703-1732.) At
that time, Gyurme Namgyal, the fourth Chogyal of Sikkim, was a devotee of Karmapa and
in1730, he had this first Kagyu monastery constructed in the southern region of Sikkim.
Adecade later, he built two more Kagyu monasteries, one at Phodong in the north and another at
Rumtek, in east Sikkim
1817: Mutual distrust between bhotias and Nepalese
1901: The first regular census of Sikkim, in 1901, returned the population at 59014, showing an
apparent increase of nearly twofold in the decade. Of the total, 65% were Hindus and 35%
Buddhists. The Lepchas, supposed to be the original inhabitants, numbered only 8000, while no
less than 23000 were immigrants from Nepal.
1965: The Chinese ultimatum to India to dismantle outposts near the Sikkim border is about as
cunning a move as Peking could think up. Like so many other Chinese ... nose ...Until
a decade ago, there had been no reversal of the position which had prevailed while the British
held India
1975: On May 16, 1975, Sikkim was officially made the 22nd state of the Indian Union, thus
ending the era of the Chogyal monarchy.
2000: Millions of Buddhists outside of Tibet have been waiting for decades to receive his
blessings. Tenzin Chonyi, who spoke yesterday with monks in India

a n a l , A m o l , H i m a B i n d u , R a m y a , R o h i t , S a g a r S o n a l 1 0 | P a g e
EIA LAB – EP 2010
2010
2005: India reiterated in the statement that it believed Tibet to be a part of Chinese territory;
Tibetans, led by the Dalai Lama, have clamored for independence for decades. China in turn has
recognized Sikkim, a tiny Himalayan finger poking into Tibet, as Indian territory.
2006: on 7th
July, Asian giants India and China, this week, reopened an ancient cross-border
trade route over this misty, wind-swept pass across the high Himalayas.
2009: The Exim Bank has recommended to the State Government that new plantations should
replace the older ones as most cardamom plantations in Sikkim were at least three decades old
resulting in declining species.

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4 Aims and Objectives
if u "Thousands of tired, nerve-shaken, over-civilized people are beginning to find out that going to the mountains is going home; that wilderness
is a necessity; and that mountain parks and reservations are useful not only as fountains of timber and irrigating rivers, but as fountains of life."
— John Muir
4.1 Aim
Evolve a Strategic environmental Impact assessment of Sikkim tourism policy 2010.
4.2 Objectives
To study the existing scenario of tourism and its impacts
To identify the environmental, Social, Economic & Institutional consequences of proposed
policy/Program/plan.
To Develop Environment management framework and Screening Criteria for the next level EIA.
4.2.1Methodology
SCREENING
Review of Developmental policies of Sikkim
Preliminary examination of Tourism Thrust
Assessment of need for SEA of Tourism policy
SCOPING
Checklist method to identify sectors for
Detailed Description
District wise tourist investment criteria
BASE LINE SCENARIO
Socio Economic Infrastructure Landform
Conservation Areas Heritage Sites Special criteria
IMPACT
IDENTIFICATION
Impact of identified Tourist
activities on Social,
Environmental and
Economic parameters
Scoring the above parameters to develop
a Receptor Sensitivity model.
Classification of Tourist activities on
basis of Receptor Sensitivity.
Developing Location criteria for
specific Tourist activities
Projected tourist inflow on basis of proposed
projects and existing tourist flow.
IMPACT
PREDICTION
ENVIRONMENT
MANAGEMENT PLAN
Recommendations for predicted impacts,
Safeguard measures for tourism activities
in Special Criteria regions
Stakeholder analysis,
Communication strategy

Screening and Scoping
Baseline Scenario
Impact Identification
Impact Prediction
Environment Management Plan
EIA LAB – EP 2010
Strategic Environment Assessment – Sikkim Tourism Policy 2010
5 Review of Major Thrust Areas Of Sikkim
“Our interest on the ecological front, our commitment to social justice, our strive for a high growth regime and our conviction to make Sikkim
heaven on earth should all be reflected in both the national and State plans of the next five years. The higher the level of attainment we have, the
higher will be the degree of happiness and tranquillity in the State. Our Government is totally committed to this, dedicated to achieve this and
will strive to come out with flying colours”.
----- Pawan Chamling, Chief Minister of Sikkim
Abstract: This chapter discusses about the major policy thrust areas of Sikkim like Industrial policy, Information Technology
policy, and Tourism policy for its economic growth and the activities proposed in each of the policies which may have direct or
indirect impact on the natural and social environment of the Sikkim and it was observed that small and medium Hydro power
dams and tourism related activities have a major impact on the natural and social environment of the Sikkim.
Keywords: Policies, Economic growth, natural resources, Industries, Information Technology, Tourism, Environment.
5.1 Introduction:
Sikkim is naturally endowed with rich flora and fauna and its climate and topographical conditions
support industries such as agriculture, horticulture, food processing, bamboo industry, tourism and
information sector. The state follows the North East Industrial Investment promotion policy which
provides several incentives and concessions for investment in the state. Also the state has a stable political
setup with a single party government which is committed towards creating a progressive business
environment.
5.1.1Sikkim’s GSDP:
At current prices, the total Gross State Domestic
product of Sikkim was about US $ 585.2 million in
2007-08 and it grew at a CAGR of 13.9% between
1999-2000 to 2007-08 which was among one of the
highest recorded growth rates.
Sikkim’s economy is mainly driven by the secondary
and tertiary sectors.
The secondary sector has been the fastest growing
sector, at a CAGR of 13 per cent between 1999-2000
and 2007-08 and it is driven by construction and
Figure 5-1: Policy Thrust Areas of Sikkim
Figure 5-2: Sikkim’s GSDP Growth Rate

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Impact Prediction
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hydroelectric power generation.
At over 69 per cent, the tertiary sector is the largest
contributor to Sikkim’s economy. It grew at a CAGR of
10.6 per cent and is driven by trade, hotels, real estate,
transport and communications and tourism related
activities.
The primary sector’s share in the GSDP has been
consistent at 25.3 per cent, driven mainly by agriculture.
It recorded a CAGR of 10.4 per cent between 1999-
2000 to 2007-08.
Trade, tourism, transportation and agriculture have been
the key drivers of the increase in per capita GSDP of
Sikkim.
5.1.2Key Industries in Sikkim:
The Commerce and Industries Department of Sikkim is involved in promotion of trade and industry in the
state and Sikkim Industrial Development & Investment Corporation Limited (SIDICO) is the state-level
institution engaged in promoting, financing and developing the tiny and small scale industries (SSI) sector
in the state.
Eco-tourism, handicrafts and handlooms, silk reeling and processing, precision engineering, electronics,
IT, medicinal plants, floriculture, tea, spices, honey and biotechnology are thrust areas identified by the
state and being a potentially eco-fragile location, the people of Sikkim support promotion of pollution-
free industries.
5.2 IT Policy of Sikkim, 2006:
The Information Technology Policy of Sikkim was formulated in July 2006 with the objectives like
ensuring greater accountability through E-Governance, employment generation in the primary sector,
Computerization of all records, to map the resources of the state and to make Sikkim a totally literate
state.
Information technology as a service industry is not characterized by high transportation costs and is
environmental friendly.
5.2.1IT Policy Initiatives:
Software Technology Parks will be established at vantage locations in the state to provide incubation
space to prospective entrepreneurs who want to take up software development, setting up of Call Centre,
Business Process Outsourcing etc.In case of resource mapping, All old heritage records in monasteries,
libraries, state archives will be digitized. All gazettes and notifications will also be digitized, the rich
biodiversity of Sikkim which include its flora and fauna would be inventoried through bioinformatics, All
natural (viz forest, rivers etc) and manmade (roads, PHC sewerage pipes etc) resources will be mapped
through Geographical Information System (GIS), using Satellite imagery, disaster prone areas (viz
landslide, glacial outburst) will be identified and monitored and The Human resource of the state specially
those persons practicing traditional medicine etc will be kept in a database.
All the above mentioned activities have a mostly positive impact on the natural and social environment
because it helps in creating a proper database of natural environment which will be very useful and also
creates a good employment opportunities.
5.3 Industrial policy of Sikkim, 2007:
Sikkim is one of the least industrially developed states in India because it is not possible to develop any
heavy or large scale industries due to its geo physical location. The current industrial scenario is not very
encouraging. As on 31/03/2008 there were 1683 provisionally registered and 313 permanently registered
Figure 5-3 : % Distribution of GSDP, Sikkim

Baseline Scenario
Impact Prediction
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private sector industrial units, most of which are in the tiny or small sector promoted by first generation
entrepreneurs. There are 14 State Public Sector Enterprises but no Central Government Public Sector
Units in the State.
The thrust areas identified by the government of Sikkim for Industrial Development are Agro-based
industries, Floriculture, Animal husbandry and dairy products, Minor forest based produce, handloom,
handicrafts and village industries, Tourism, electronic and software industries, Tea industries and small &
medium hydro power plants.
5.3.1Industrial Policy Initiatives:
The policy envisages for creation of an atmosphere conducive to industrial growth, taking into
consideration the available natural resources and the local socio-economic environment, Rehabilitation of
sick industries with comprehensive assistance and guidance from the Department of Industry,
privatization of State Public Sector Undertakings, ensuring balanced regional development through
promotion of Khadi, Village, cottage, and tiny, small and ancillary industries, Promotion of the traditional
handloom, handicrafts and artisan sector, by providing adequate support in the form of common facilities
like service centers cheap raw material, technical inputs, marketing network skill development,
development of tourism as an industry and development of Sikkim as a major centre for manufacture &
marketing of tea.
Out of all these thrust areas of Industrial policy of Sikkim, Tourism and Hydro Power Plants have a major
impact on the Natural and Social environment of the Sikkim which need to be assessed.
5.4 Sikkim Tourism Policy, 2010:
Tourism in the State of Sikkim is growing at a rapid pace in a very well thought of and planned manner.
The policy document seeks to make tourism sector a main civil industry and as a major engine of
economic growth of State, to enhance employment potential as well as to foster economic integration
through developing linkages with other sectors.
5.4.1Tourism Policy Initiatives and Objectives:
The key initiatives and objectives of Sikkim Tourism Policy are to promote community based ecotourism
with the use of participatory management techniques, Promotion of rural tourism, adventure/sports
tourism, medical tourism, trekking, natural tourism, culture and heritage tourism, cave tourism, monsoon
tourism, tea tourism, etc., through PPP projects, to build the infrastructure for connectivity required to
access the tourist spots, Single-window system for clearance of private investments in the tourism sector,
to provide concessions in luxury tax, service tax, service charges, electricity and water charges, and
financial assistance on the capital outlay and to provide legal support and regulations to protect the
industry.
Ministry of tourism had laid an The outlay of Rs. 105 crores for NER & Sikkim for the schemes relating
to tourism and related Infrastructure Development and a revenue and capital expenditure in Tourism
infrastructure development was 782.5 Lakhs envisioned as per 10th
V year plan.(Annual Report 2006,
Dept. of Sikkim Tourism) with a growth rate of 25.77% on the expenditure on tourism related
infrastructure for 1999-2007.
As most of the tourism related activities are spread over a large area and also within the environmentally
sensitive areas like protected areas, wild life sanctuaries, etc.and also there is a huge amount of
investment in this sector which may have positive and negative impacts on the natural and social
environment of the Sikkim. Hence it is necessary to assess the tourism policy by carrying out a strategic
environment assessment of the tourism policy of Sikkim.

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6 SIKKIM TOURISM POLICY 2010
““All options for tourism development must serve effectively to improve the quality of life of all people and must influence the socio-culture
enrichment of each destination”
----- Pawan Chamling, Chief Minister of Sikkim
Abstract: The natural environment of Sikkim and its rich cultural diversity provide congenial conditions for the growth of
Tourism. The potential of tourism for the economy is well recognized in the state and the analyses of tourist influx suggest
favourable trends and progressive state of growth for the development of tourism. The Sikkim Tourism Policy 2010 attempts to
position tourism as a major engine of economic growth and harness the direct and multiplier effects of tourism for employment
generation, economic development and providing impetus to rural/village tourism and to create and develop integrated tourism
circuits based on different special themes, special tourism products, and premium tourists destinations by involving private
stakeholders and promoting PPP mode.
Keywords: Tourism, Policy Thrust Areas, Tourist Infrastructure, Stakeholders, Eco-Tourism, Responsible Tourism
6.1 Introduction
Sikkim is a hilly State nestled in the Eastern Himalayas which takes pride in its natural beauty manifested
by the snow clad mountains, landscape dotted with perennial streams & waterfalls, lush green forests,
picturesque villages, natives in traditional dresses and indigenous architecture. The crime free society
adds to the natural attractions of the state, making it one of the most sought after tourist destination in the
country.
Sikkim’s unique beauty, splendour with its lush green and undisturbed valleys, five climatic zones,
peaceful environment, total sanitation, environment friendly, hospitable & smiling people and a rich
cultural heritage acted as a main driving force for the evolution of tourism sector and it is one of the
priorities and important sector of the State and it is to become the main economy of the State
development.
6.1.1Evolution of Tourism in Sikkim:
Year Government Action Tourism scenario Activities promoted
1980-1990
started promoting
Tourism in 1980
Mostly it was neglected
because of very strict
inner line permits and
disinterest of domestic
tourists.
Nature based tourism
was promoted.
1990-1997
The rules for acquiring
inner line permits have
been eased.
In 1990’s Tourism
sector started picking
up because of conscious
tourism development
plan and also due to
political disturbance in
other hills including
Darjeeling and Jammu
and Kashmir.
Development of
tourism related
infrastructure and
emphasis on Eco-
Tourism.
Institute of Hotel
Management was setup
in 1990
Tata economic
consultancy services
prepared the “Tourism Accelerating Growth Started promoting

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1998
master plan for
Sikkim”-2008-11
Sikkim Tourism
Development
Corporation was
established.
rate of Tourism sector. pilgrimage and Buddhist
tourism
2002-2009
Under National
Tourism Policy, 20
years perspective plan
for tourism was
developed by
Government of Sikkim
in 2002
Growth rate of 15 % PA
for International tourists
and 20 % PA for
Domestic tourist
Arrival.
Started promoting
village tourism
2010
Draft Sikkim Tourism
Policy-2010 by
Government of Sikkim.
Addition of 1 lakh
tourists per year is
estimated
To encourage tourism
thrust areas like
Wildlife tourism,
village tourism,
Pilgrimage tourism, All
season Tourism, Prison
tourism, etc.
Development of
Infrastructure with
involvement of various
public and private
stakeholders.
Table 1 : Evolution of Tourism Sector in Sikkim
6.1.2Tourism Trend in Sikkim:
The general trend of tourism growth,
based on the last 28 years of data, i.e.
1980–2007 shows that presently tourism
in Sikkim is mainly of the domestic kind;
foreign tourists comprise only 5.5% of
the annual tourist influx. The pattern
obtained for the tourist rush shows small
initial fluctuations from 1980 to 1987, a
linear trend from 1987 till 2000–01, and
thereafter a steep rise in the trends with
tourist numbers increasing every year.
Though the tourists come to Sikkim all
round the year, the main rush is confined
to summer months and autumn season;
the autumn rush is considered to be more
pronounced during the Dussehra festival.
Figure 6-1-Tourists Influx trends in Sikkim, 1980-2007

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6.2 Mission Statements of Sikkim Tourism Policy 2010:
• To make Tourism as a major engine of economic growth, employment generator and poverty
alleviator.
• Promoting sustainable development of tourism and encouraging the private sectors to develop
tourism related infrastructure & services without disturbing ecology and environment.
• Establish and strengthen the Institution of Network of Stakeholders (INS) which is Government
led, private sector driven and community welfare oriented.
• The deep‐rooted relationship of tourism and culture, traditions, monuments, heritage, natural
resources, environment, forests, wildlife & ecology will be fully recognized and provided for
improvement, enrichment and up gradation and it will be considered as a linchpin of the tourism
industry.
• Greater emphasis will be laid on eco‐tourism whose parameters will be broader than those of
nature tourism alone.
• Special thrust will be imparted to Village/Rural tourism, Home Stay and tourism in small
settlements, where sizeable assets of our cultural and natural wealth exist.
• Due importance will be given to Domestic Tourism, particularly tourism connected to pilgrimage,
culture, tradition & heritage, adventure, eco‐tourism, wellness Tourism, Peace/mind rejuvenation
and it will be so designed that infrastructure created under it will serve as a backbone of
international quality product in the time to come.
• Proper cleanliness and solid waste management and hence, to promote quality tourism.
• To break the seasonality factor of tourism and promote all season tourism by having winter
tourism, monsoon tourism, Flower festivals, conferences/conventions/seminars, pilgrimage,
adventure activities, Tourism related Institutions, Wellness‐peace‐health rejuvenation months stay
etc.

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6.3 Development of Tourism Infrastructure:
The State Government in the past years have given top priority and importance to the development of
sufficient and required infrastructure & Services for the development of tourism sector in the State. Some
of the important steps taken are:
• Construction of good network of all weather roads.
• Introduction of Helicopter services in1998 which is being further upgraded, Construction of
network of Helipads, more destinations, Mountain flights, Joy rides, rescue/ emergency services,
approval for Twin engine larger seater Heli service.
• Sikkim Airport under development.
• A network of Tourists Reception‐cum‐ Information Centers (TRICs) created and which are being
further strengthened.
• For strengthening of service sector, manpower and other interlinked services, better capacity
building programme/ Livelihood Schools have been started along with the training at National
and International level institutions.
• A network of ropeways has been planned and Gangtok ropeway has already been made
operational. Namchi‐Samdruptse ropeway is under construction and the work on Tsomgo lake
ropeway is under process and many other ropeways like Bhalleydhunga (South), Pelling (West)
and many other places have been planned.
• To strengthen the way side facilities a good network of Development of Way side Amenities at a
distance of 10 Km on all roads side has been planned and is under implementation.
• Single Window permit for Nathual, Tsomgo and others from 2001 under Notification
9/Home/2001, dated 5/2/2001. Inner Line Permit (ILP)/RAP have been made more easy‐stay
period has been extended for a total period of 60 days with an extension of 30 days each.
• Cleanliness‐ Solid waste management at all the tourist’s spots /destinations/centres has been
given top priority. Garbage bags in all tourists’ vehicle compulsory and also being put up in all
the other vehicles as well.
6.4 Major Tourism Thrust Areas in Sikkim:

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6.4.1Eco -Tourism:
The main objective of this product is to promote Sikkim
as preferred destination for visitors and provides
opportunities for Community Based Ecotourism (CBET)
particularly using latest approaches of Participatory
Management for sustainable development of the resources
and thereby generates employment, income and revenue
for the State. “This concept of ‘community based eco-
tourism’ will go a long way in providing better income
generation options to the rural people. This will also mean
less dependence upon the natural resources in as far as it
amounts to removal of produce from these areas. There
will be, moreover, greater incentive in conservation of
local traditions, culture, heritage and environs, as these
will be seen as aiding in local economy rather than an
impediment to it.”
6.4.2Village/Rural Tourism:
Village/Rural tourism has emerged as a very new concept in the tourism industry. This concept is fast
growing in Sikkim as a responsible and sustainable tourism product with critical social objectives through
people’s participation. The endorsement of rural tourism will ensure the dispersal of tourists from city
congestion to the villages so that they can have a glimpse of rural Sikkim, familiarize with unique village
culture and heritage so that they are mentally rejuvenated, culturally enriched and spiritually elevated.
Some of the villages of Sikkim like Kewzing, Hee‐Bermoik, Yoksum, Lachen, Tumin, Pastanga,
Tinchim, Lunchok, Maniram, Rong, Jaubari, Darap have already taken up lead in home stay facilities for
the tourists. However, more professional approach needs to be initiated with optimum government
incentives for aggressive promotion of rural tourism market.
6.4.3Adventure Tourism / Adventure Sports:
Some of the important adventure activities being promoted in the State are: Trekking, Mountain climbing
and Mountaineering, Rock climbing, River crossing, Paragliding, Bungee Jumping, White water rafting,
Angling and many other types of traditional adventures . Trekking and Mountaineering are by far the
most vibrant and visible adventure tourism activities in Sikkim and have much wider marketing prospects
along with other adventure activities.
6.4.4Wellness, Health, Yoga & Herbal Medical Tourism:
The Indian Himalayan Centre for Adventure & Eco‐tourism (IHCAE) at Chemchey, in South Sikkim has
come up as an important centre to promote a combination of Adventure‐Eco‐We llness tourism under the

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brand name of ‘Feel Good School’ beside a holistic institute on Adventure
and Eco‐Tourism. This will render wellness facilities such as Meditation,
Yoga, Spa, Herbal treatment, Jogging etc amidst the serene environment of
Chemchey.
6.4.5Forests & Wildlife Tourism:
This is an integral part of eco‐tourism. Sikkim has the highest network of
National Park, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Biosphere Reserve and the unique Forest
areas that perhaps not have been fully explored to its potential for tourism.
Tourism Department proposes to work closely & actively with the Forest
Department to further development and improvement the areas and other public
utility services without any compromise with the conservation programme on the
principle of sustainability in well regulated manner and a reasonable fee shall be
charged for management and maintenance of these areas.
6.4.6Bio-diversity Tourism:
Sikkim is one of the Hot‐ Spot of the Biodiversity world and hence, it has a
great potential for researcher, educationists, students and nature lovers’
types of tourists both domestic and international. Since, this is our rich
wealth; it will be well regulated with compulsory guide/interpreters with
each group and well watched entry & outlets to check the bio piracy.
6.4.7Flori-Tourism:
Sikkim is also promoting the concept of Flori‐tourism with a view
to showcase its enormous variety of flowers, the nature has gifted
to this hill station. The State has 4500 odd varieties of flowering
plants of which orchids alone contribute over 450 species. In this
mission, the International Flori‐show was organized in the year
2008 that attracted the interest of large numbers of tourists and the
international players on floriculture. A permanent exhibition venue
has been created at Saramsa over 7 Acres land with world class facilities including conference and
convention centre.
6.4.8MICE Tourism: Meetings, Incentives, Convention and Exhibition:
For this product of tourism, Sikkim has very wide potential for
many obvious reasons. The suitable venues along with all the
facilities, transport, and communication will be developed. This will
certainly promote the quality tourism and also bring the investment
to Sikkim. Steps will be taken to promote corporate tourism and a
directory for the same will be prepared. Tourism oriented
expositions at land mark venues will also be the part of this activity.

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6.4.9Nature and Trekking Tourism:
The camping sites, Adventure, trekking, wildlife & Biodiversity Tourism, Wilderness Tourism etc will be
developed with basic infrastructure facilities and public conveniences services which are also needed for
the conservation and management of these resources. Hot‐springs offer a unique experience and
unparallel products. All these areas will to be given emphasis for better management and no structure will
be allowed to come up in the vicinity of the area which will have the negative impact on these resources.
6.4.10 Fairs and Festivals Tourism:
Sikkim is a land of fairs and festivals. In last one decade, its
promotional aspect has been very encouraging. Now, there is need to
make them more attractive, targeting the tourists on well defined
theme and spread over all the seasons. Their time and dates will be
fixed, organized in more professional manner and will be given wide
publicity. Its calendar will be prepared with the concurrence of
organizers and some of festivals would to be given review and
rethought to make them more effective & purposeful. This is a major
contribution in National Integration.
6.4.11 Arts Crafts and Souvenir Tourism:
Arts, crafts & souvenir are the integrated part of tourism industry and it
will be developed & promoted on the top priority for generation of
employment & income. It may be developed by Government
undertakings and private sectors. Along with it, the standardized
packing also needs to be taken up as its integral part. The items will be
on all aspects of State such as culture, folk, pilgrimage, events, places,
nature, landscape, Forests & wildlife, Mountains, monuments, history
and many more.
6.4.12 Pilgrimage Tourism:
Buddhists circuit is coming up very well with
Guru Padama Sambhava Statue, Buddha Park,
Chen‐Regi Statue and a high network of world
famous monasteries. New unique destinations
like Chardham, many temples and other
pilgrimage places, sacred lakes, sacred rocks
& caves etc. offer a wide range of pilgrimages
in Sikkim and will be developed.

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6.4.13 Premium Tourists Destinations:
This is a new area of tourism product and the clean, fresh, peaceful, unpolluted & invigorating
environment offer Premium Tourists destination for Sikkim, a preferred destination to relax & unwind.
Under this, it is to propose that undiscovered spots/areas that are worth to visit for quiet holidays spent
amidst the splendour of nature away from the crowds will be developed and promoted in its natural form.
This will be allowed only for high end tourists with limited numbers and minimum stay of one week and
a reasonably high services fee will be charged for this and nobody will be allowed to visit such locations
free of cost. Some of the such areas proposed are: Memeinchhu Lake, Kupuk Lake, Maenum Hill,
Bhalleydhunga, Singlila/Chiyabhanjang area, Baresy Sanctuary, Area beyond Dzongri, Gorudongmar
Lake, Chholamoa Lake, Green Lake, Akant Vas & Agyat Van Vas etc.
6.4.14 Heli Tourism:
At present there about 11 nos. of helipads/heliports and many more to
come up in near future. The twin engine heliservice has been approved by
Government of India. The Heli service will extend the reach of higher end
tourists to the delights of naturally and geographically rich hinterland. The
promotion of the Heli service Tourism for remote areas, Heli Rural
Darshan, Heli‐Adventure, Fairs & Festivals etc. etc. will be started.
6.5 Creation and Management of World Class Infrastructure:
Infrastructure is first foundation of any industry, and in case of tourism, it is not only the infrastructure
but also the quality & services of is the essence of tourism, if it has to grow as we are providing services,
pleasure, entertainment, leisure, recreation, comforts and many more amenities from the tourism. Efforts
will be made to seek the financial assistance from World Bank, Asian Development Bank and other
international agencies for the projects ranging from entry point to mode of transport to the destinations.
6.5.1Roads:
The well maintained road network is very vital for the tourism as in case of Sikkim most of the tourists
destinations, sites, points entirely depends upon roads only. The present approach & vision of the State
Government to double lane the existing NH 31 A, Alternate NH, a good network of inter‐districts State
highways and the rural roads will directly support this objective and strategy.
6.5.2Railways:
At present Sikkim is not connected by direct rail network directly. Recently in November 2009, the
foundation stone for railway line up Rangpo was laid down and target is to complete by 2015 and in the
next phase, it may be up to Gangtok and then to Nathula.
6.5.3Airport:
The Sikkim (Pakyong) Airport shall be completed as per schedule and process for having flights from
desired places shall be started and all formalities should be completed by the time of airport become
operational.
6.5.4Transport:
The State Government will also introduce Safe, economical and reliable transport within State as well as
across the adjoining State. The luxury modern buses, small buses, Taxies and highly sophisticated means
of transport will be encouraged in Government and private sector both. For many areas, a network of

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ropeways has been planned, where the Government is already working in a major way to make it a
common mode of transport and to save the forest and environment.
6.5.5Accommodation:
Special efforts have already been initiated to develop and upgrade tourism accommodation in uniform
manner at all tourist destinations keeping in view the requirement and income levels of different
categories of tourists. Apart from the State Government, Hotels, private, PPP mode, Guest houses,
Lodges and Village tourism/ Home stay has been planned and being implemented. It will be promoted
and encouraged by facilitating and providing some incentives. Along with the old establishments, all new
hotels and other accommodation/establishments will have the architecture which blends with the local
environment.
6.5.6Modern Wayside Amenities- Washrooms-Motels:
To make road journeys more pleasant, safe & secure, composite highway stopover or way side facilities
will be developed and encouraged to be constructed on all highways. The State Government has already
decided to create and establish modern wayside amenities/ washrooms/ motels at a distance of 10 km on
the road side of each road. Such 63 locations have already been identified and approved. The land
acquisition of about 2 acres at each location has already been started and works are being started. It will
have all the modern amenities, restaurant, souvenir shop, information counter, public conveniences, park,
lounge with all facilities, disabled facilities, retiring rooms, Police control room, vehicle repairing centre,
local handicrafts/costumes/jewelry shop and local food shops etc. They will be developed by
Government, private and PPP mode.
6.6 Responsible Tourism:
Responsible Tourism is not a tourism product but it is an approach which can be used by travellers and
holidaymakers, tour operators, accommodation and transport providers, visitor attraction managers,
planning authorities, national, regional/provincial and local government and takes place in communities,,
natural and cultural heritage sites and environments where people live and work.
Responsible Tourism now has to focus on the economic participation of local people as direct owners in
the business of tourism not just as beneficiaries of charity. Tourism has to contribute to socio‐economic
development by supporting the conservation of natural and cultural heritage. Tourism has to provide
opportunities for employment at the community level. Government and tourism enterprises can make a
significant contribution by changing their procurement practices and supporting local entrepreneurs to
develop the quality and quantity of their goods and services to meet market demands.
Monitoring, verification and reporting on key local social, economic and environmental issues through
locally agreed indicators is central to the management of tourism impacts ‐ measure, verify and report.
Transparent and auditable reporting is essential to the integrity and credibility of our work and to
establishing benchmarks and targets which enable individual consumers and businesses to make informed
choices. In determining who are the responsible tourists and what are the responsible forms of tourism we
need to rely more on the measurement of impacts rather than the self‐declared motivations of the
travellers or the companies concerned.

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7 Need for SEA for Sikkim Tourism Policy 2010
“Tourist destinations usually follow a lifecycle; the boom and bust course is most common. Tourism in a destination depends on the carrying
capacity, resilience of the host/destination environment, intensity of tourist activity, and sociological attributes of the host society”.
-----Butler
Abstract: The increasing tourism activities in a tourist destination often result in overuse and degradation of the environment and
resources of tourism which in turn lead to a decline in the growth of tourism, and loss of tourism value of the destination. As
Sikkim is very environmentally sensitive region and covered mostly by the forest area, it becomes necessary to carry out SEA to
find the appropriate land for the development of tourism activities. Also there exist some conflicts between Sikkim environment
policy, Sikkim’s action plan for climate change and the Sikkim tourism policy 2010 which needs to be assessed.
Keywords: Strategic Environment Assessment, Tourism Policy, Environment, Clearance, legislations, Carrying capacity.
7.1 Introduction:
Strategic Environment Assessment for Tourism Policy is not a legal mandate as per EIA notification of
MoEF, but still SEA is needed as tourism and environment are intricately related. The environment of a
tourist destination, its socio-cultural attributes, resources and heritage value constitute the basic
background elements for the evolution, growth and development of tourism in that area. The increasing
tourism activities in a tourist destination often result in overuse and degradation of the environment and
resources of tourism which in turn lead to a decline in the growth of tourism, and loss of tourism value of
the destination.
The
Figure 7-1: Schematics of tourism development (source: Butler and Murphy)

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Tourist Area Life Cycle (TALC) model developed by Butler is an amalgam of the product lifecycle model
and the model of population growth. This correlates the different stages and the course of evolution of
destination areas or tourism development with the stages of product lifecycle and population cycle by
linking tourism experience, which is consumed, with product and carrying capacity. Murphy explains the
rise and fall of tourist destinations in terms of tourist–host interactions/transactions and social carrying
capacity.
Tourism development in any area invariably leads to economic growth of that area, which is manifested
in terms of increase in income and employment opportunities, infrastructural growth, improvement in the
standard of living, etc. Its multiplier spin-off effects for the host communities are enormous, and have a
wider distribution. But tourism development is often accompanied with a host of negative impacts on
ecology, environment, and socio-economy of the host communities/destinations. The studies on tourism
reveal its negative impacts in terms of loss of biodiversity, deforestation, congested settlements, landscape
alterations, slums, pollution of air, water and soil, siltation of water bodies, loss of wetlands, loss of land
titles, social alienation, change in lifestyle and traditions, etc.
Sometimes, the local communities do not get even the slightest of benefits of tourism. Also, the growth of
tourism beyond a stage often sparks conflicts between the hosts and the tourists. Increase in tourist influx
and subsequent development of tourist-related infrastructure also put pressure on the carrying capacity of
the destination areas. As a result, the tourist interest in the area start waning, ultimately leading to a
change in tourist quality, and decreasing number of tourists to the area, which gradually loses its appeal
and tourism.
7.2 Environmental sensitiveness of Sikkim:
Sikkim is a ecologically fragile area with tremendous Biodiversity and has been identified as one of
the most important “Hot Spot” for biodiversity. Species wise, it has about 4500 Flowering plants, 550
Orchids, 36 Rhododendrons, 16 Conifers, 28 Bamboos, 362 Ferns and its allies, 9 Tree Ferns, 30
Primulas, 11 Oaks, over 424 medicinal plants, 144+ Mammals, 550 Birds, 48 Fishes and over 600 nos. of
Butterflies and also 28 nos. of Mountains/Peaks, more than 38 Glaciers, 227 High altitude lakes &
wetlands and over 104 rivers and streams. Also there are very sensitive ethnic communities are present in
this area. So, many of the tourism activities may have positive or negative impacts on the biodiversity and
local ethnic communities of Sikkim which make it necessary to conduct SEA for Sikkim tourism policy.
7.3 Environmental Clearance & Legislations:
Development of tourism related projects and activities requires large amount of land and in case of
Sikkim, because of its topography and huge forest cover which needs environmental clearance, it
becomes necessary to conduct proper SEA to acquire the appropriate land without having major
implications on the environment. Also there is a need for appropriate legislations and rules to be
formulated and enforced to implement the tourism policy for which SEA is needed.
Policy level impact assessment was conducted for the hydro electric power projects to get funds
under ‘South Asian Tourism Development project ‘ of ADB and even Tourism policy 2010 talks about
accessing ADB and other financial institutions for getting funds for the implementation of tourism
projects which requires SEA.

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7.4 Sikkim Tourism Policy 2010 and Need for SEA:
Sikkim Tourism Policy 2010 Need for SEA
To Promote Tourism as a major engine of
economic growth and to help in elimination of
poverty, ending unemployment and creating new
skills, etc.,
Most of the times there is a inverse relationship
between Economic growth and Environmental
degradation.
Is there any regional disparity (Projects
Syndrome)?
Addition of 1 lakh tourists/day is predicted. There can be serious impact on the carrying
capacity and also stress on Infrastructure.
Infrastructure and services development: Road
network, small hydro power plants Ropeways,
communication services, heli services, Airport,
hotels, Home stays, Institutes, Way side amenities,
solid waste management, etc.
Very challenging in hilly areas for example
construction of roads without analyzing geology
and hydrology may result in acceleration of
landslides.
To involve local communities in the development
and management of tourists destinations and
tourism related infrastructure.
Also there is involvement of West Bengal
population to manage tourism related
infrastructure-Due to this there can be conflicts
raised between local communities and Immigrants.
Promotion of Wildlife tourism, biodiversity
tourism, Adventure tourism, Agyat van vas tourism
in National park, Wildlife sanctuaries, Biosphere
reserve and unique forest areas of Sikkim
Deep rooted relationship of tourism and natural
resources, environment, forests, wildlife and
ecology.
Important river sides of Teesta, Rangeet and others
to be developed for water sports , camping sites,
hydro tourism, etc.
May have impact on river ecology.
To promote all season Tourism. May not be feasible in all the tourists destinations
due to severe climatic conditions and also due to
problems of Landslides, etc.
Mass pilgrimage tourism to be promoted at the
destinations like chardham, Rumtek Monestery,
Guru padama Sambhava, sacred lakes, etc.
Large concentration of tourists at particular
locations may have serious impact on the local
infrastructure.
To promote Village tourism in many villages. May have impact on lifestyle and culture of the
local communities
A single window booking and permit for all forest
& wildlife related matters will be established in
close coordination with Forest Department and also
Inner Line Permit (ILP)/RAP will be made more
easy‐stay period has been extended for a total
period of 60 days.
May accelerate the flow of tourists in ecologically
fragile areas.
Very high service fees / Environment tax will be
collected at premium tourist destinations at some
places.
If properly executed, the revenue generated can be
used for the protection of the conservation areas.

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7.5 Conflicts between Sikkim Environmental Policy and Sikkim Tourism Policy:
Sikkim Environment Policy (1999,2010) Sikkim Tourism Policy (2010)
The area under National Parks, Sanctuaries and
biosphere reserve should be fully protected and not
diverted for any other purpose.
Many tourists’ destinations present and also
proposed in these areas.
Preventing the diversion of good agriculture lands
for other purposes.
Conversion of Agricultural land to tourism related
amenities in village tourism sites and to recreation
activities in case of Ranka project has been
observed.
Developmental schemes and projects, which are
detrimental to the environment and forest growing
on steep slopes, land in catchment areas of rivers,
lakes and reservoirs, and ecologically and
geologically fragile areas should be severely
restricted.
These parameters needs to be assessed to find the
appropriate locations for the proposed projects
(Location Criteria)
Construction of buildings and houses not are
allowed in landslide prone areas to avoid loss of
life and property.
Location criteria for the tourism projects to be
assessed considering this parameter.
Treatment of the area damaged due to execution of
project / extension of old one, should be the
responsibility of the project authority.
Tourism policy does not consider this.
To generate revenue without damaging the ecology
and environment, ecotourism will be promoted in
protected areas having natural scenic beauty and
places of religious importance.
Encouraging to increase the tourist inflow in such
areas,so there is a need to take proper measures to
avoid the damage to environment.

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Sikkim Action Plan on Climate Change and Sikkim Tourism Policy:
Action plan on Climate change(2010) Sikkim Tourism Policy (2010)
Looking at ways to incorporating the climate
change to various policy guidelines so that the
strategy could pay off in the long run.
No mention in Tourism Policy to Incorporate
climate change Adaption and mitigation measures.
The programme on green building, energy audit,
rating of hotels based on ecological considerations
will also be emphasized.
No emphasis given in the Tourism Policy in this
regard.
The construction of Solar Passive Houses and Solar
Passive Trekking huts in alpine areas also has a
vast scope in Sikkim.....to take full advantage of
‘National Solar Mission’.
No emphasis given in the Tourism Policy in this
regard.
More Emphasis on Indigenous practices for
conservation of resources, construction technology
and to conserve local culture.
In case of Village tourism , only outer façade to
retain the local traditional Architecture and
Indigenous practices and construction practices are
neglected.
To avoid the growth of unregulated mass tourism
and unmanaged pilgrimage tourism which could
destroy the very spiritual character and pristine
ecology
Tourism policy promotes mass tourism in east and
west districts
7.6 Tourist Influx and Investments in Tourism Sector:
• The Government of Sikkim has recognized the importance of tourism in the Socio-Economic
development of the state and has accorded a high priority for its development. Today, the number
of tourists visiting Sikkim has reached 3.5 lakh per annum and Tourism Master plan suggest that
approximately 7.6–10.4 lakh tourists would visit Sikkim during the year 2017, which would also
have implications on the infrastructure, environment, natural resources, culture and eco-tourism
of the state.
• Ministry of tourism had laid an The outlay of Rs. 105 crores for NER & Sikkim for the schemes
relating to tourism and related Infrastructure Development.
• Tourism promotion schemes like village tourism development laid out total cost of Rs.424.24
lakh during 2005-06.
• A revenue and capital expenditure in Tourism infrastructure development of 782.5 Lakh
envisioned as per 10th
V year plan.(Annual Report 2006, Dept. of Sikkim Tourism)
• A protected area regulation halts clearances delaying the project completion and necessitates
Environment management system.
• The fund received from the central govt. did not match the projected target; almost 50% of the
projects were postponed.
• As against the 95 schemes sanctioned only 9 (nine) schemes could be completed. Due to shortage
of funds. Hence many projects were not able to be completed due to shortage of funds.

Baseline Scenario
Impact Prediction
EIA LAB – EP 2010
8 Field Study
“Four fundamental pillars that needed to be followed for more responsible form of tourism are: Minimum environmental impact; Minimum
impact on-and maximum respect for- host cultures; Maximum economic benefits to the host country’s grass-root; and Maximum ‘recreational’
satisfaction to participating tourists” - Hetzer
This chapter mainly explains about the Secondary & Primary Surveys targeted to different category of people with
the different criteria’s at Sikkim. Brief discussion of different projects with reference to the projects listed in the
Sikkim Tourism Policy 2010
Keywords: FGD’s: Focus group discussions, Primary Surveys
8.1 Primary Surveys
According to our desk studies and review of case studies we have decided to surveys for different groups.
We prepared different criterias, survey formats for different focused groups. Prepared survey format &
divided the 350 surveys for different group of people in Sikkim like the Tourists, Vehicle Drivers, and
Households. Restaurants-hotels, Village surveys and also conducted the Focus group discussions with the
who arrange village tourism for the tourist and to driver association, Hotel association and to the different
NGO’s.
Refer Survey Formats in the Annexure below
8.2 Focus group Discussions:
Carried our field trip with the focus group discussion with different category people like drivers
association, Hotel association and with the villagers were village tourism has encouraged and started
recently.
8.2.1FGD’s with the Drivers Association:
As drivers and the driver association play the key role in the tourism. We have conducted the focus group
discussions with driver association. The discussion went on like the employment opportunities and the
jobs in the off season as they will not be many tourists in off season, about the charges for the tourists
visiting different places, Tourist packages, Variation of packages in off season and peak season, Variation
of prices in the off season and peak season
8.2.2FGD’s with the Hotels Association:
The discussion with the hotel association. The Hotel association group is running at present has been
changed and new committee is been operating the association. Many changes are going to happen. At
present they are involved in working with the different categories of Hotels like Low fare, Medium fare,
Deluxe, Suite, 4 Star and 5 star. The major task of the Hotel association is to check with the issues of
Waste Management (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle), Water Supply (Rain Water Harvesting Techniques) to
the hotels and maintainenace of the hotels. Sustainable usage of solid waste that is generated in the hotel.
Legal issues like lease and rent aspects of the hotel.
Tourists 90
Households 60
Travel agencies 60
Restaurants-hotels 60
Vehicular drivers 60
Village surveys 20
Total 350

Baseline Scenario
Impact Prediction
EIA LAB – EP 2010
8.2.3Hotels in Sikkim
Town/Area Number of Hotels Number of Beds
East Sikkim Gangtok;Aritar; Rangpo 158 5499
West Sikkim Pelling/Pemayangtse,Yuksom 45 1200
Geyzing 12 180
North Sikkim- Lachung/North Sikkim 25 250
Chungthang/Singhik 4 38
South Sikkim
Rabongla 5 90
Namchi 7 70
Jorethang 11 242
Tariff Range
Tariff range % of hotels in the range
Rs.150-200 40%
Rs.250-400 30%
Rs.500-800 20%
Rs.900-3000 10%
Average stay of tourists
District Domestic
Tourists
Foreign
Tourists
East 4-5 days 3 days
West 1-5 days 1-5 days
South 1 day 1 day
North 2-3 day 2-3days
8.2.4FGD’s with the Villagers (Village Tourism):
Sikkim is encouraging the village tourism in all the district, as people now a days are uninterested to stay
in the hotel in cities as the facilities are not as per standard, lots of noise as they are located within the
city, Quality of the facilities as well as the food are not satisfied by the tourists. So, the space for the
village tourism has emerged. Village Tourism explicit about the housing typology, Dressing, Culture,
tradition and food style, Traditional beer of the people stay in Sikkim. Even these vary from one
community to another community (Lepcha, Bhutia, Neplis).

Baseline Scenario
Impact Prediction
EIA LAB – EP 2010
8.3 Analysis

Baseline Scenario
Impact Prediction
EIA LAB – EP 2010
8.4 Sikkim Tourist Circuits
Figure 8-1- Tourist circuit map

Baseline Scenario
Impact Prediction
EIA LAB – EP 2010

Baseline Scenario
Impact Prediction
EIA LAB – EP 2010
8.5 Case Studies
We had done case studies of different projects based on different criteria’s mainly highlighting the
projects that are mentioned in the Sikkim Tourism Policy 2010 .
S.N Projects Projects
1 Ropeway Project, Namchi Kabi Tourist Village
2 Saramsa Garden Prison Tourism & View point
3 Singtam Water Garden Banjakri Water Falls
4 Kanchanzonga Water Falls Khechuperi Wishing Lake
5 Maniram Tourist Village Chardham Namchi, South
6 Pelling Bon Farm house

Baseline Scenario
Impact Prediction
EIA LAB – EP 2010
8.5.1Case study: Ropeway Project, Namchi
Introduction Ropeway system between PWD Bungalow and Rock Garden
to Samduptse.
Project Details Capacity: 250 persons per hour
Length of the Ropeway: 2095 meters
Designed By: M/S RITES Ltd.(a Government of India Enterprise)
Ropeway and Industrial Engineering Division, RITES Bhawan
Plot No. 1 sector-29,Gurgaon-122001 Haryana, India.
Other Details
The members of the SEAC (State Level Expert Appraisal
Committee) have examined the possible environmental hazard in
terms of soil erosion, landslide, pollution and overall safety
measures taken by the project proponent.
• To develop proper and long term mechanism to dispose off
the solid waste generated.
• To ensure that the structure involved in the project is safe
and technically sound.
• To ensure that tourists do not have thorough-fare in the
forest areas.
• To ensure that the construction materials like stones, sand
etc be extracted only from approved quarries.
• To ensure that no quarry comes up in the proposed project
area.
• To ensure that concerned Tourism Department should
generate some mechanism to dispose off the garbage out of
the funds generated.

Baseline Scenario
Impact Prediction
EIA LAB – EP 2010
8.5.2Case Study: Kabi Village, North Sikkim
Introduction Home stays offered at Kabi are very simple but those that meet
the basic amenities required and very hygienically maintained.
The owners are given proper training on providing hygienic food
and ensuring a comfortable stay for the visitors. One can take a
glimpse into the village lifestyle while staying closely with
different families. At present there are 5 houses offering home
stay facilities for tourists.
Project Details Supported Organizations: Endeavors Organization(NGO) & World
Wide Fund
Other Details Introduction:
19kms away from Gangtok lies a small idylic village Kabi. Replete
with its natural beauty of diverse flora, beautiful streams & yet
unexplored trek routes.
History:
Kabi was Kayu sha bhi lungchok (Stone erected by our blood).
Village has a great significance as the place where the ‘Blood
Brotherhood Treaty’.
Festival: Dupchay and Book kor .
Kabi Home stays
Home stays are very simple but those meet the standards of basic
amenities required. Training for providing hygienic food and ensuring
a comfortable stay.Traditional Bath.Millet Beer, Traditional Food of
sikkim.
Kabi People: Bhutia, Lepcha, Sherpa and Tamang Communities
Around Kabi :Nampheyang cave, Rongpoh Cave-Belived as a wish
fulfilling powers, many puja rituals are held .Kabi Scared Grove-
Blood Brotherhood treaty signed in the 13th
centuary, Puja Sekhiuk is
celebrated annually. Medicinal Plants are found in abundance in the
grove. Kabi Monastry- Was established in the year 1973. Asla Fishing
at Bakcha Chu. Takchu thungsha – the tigers spring

Baseline Scenario
Impact Prediction
EIA LAB – EP 2010
8.5.3Case Study :Sramsa Garden, Ranipool
Introduction The Saramsa Garden, a well-known picnic spot spread on an area
measuring 6 acres and located 3 kms away from Ranipool in East
Sikkim is presently undergoing a complete makeover from its
earlier conventional ambience to like any other modish amusement
parks found in metropolitan cities.
Project Details Saramsa Garden (a.k.a Ipecac Garden) was established in year
1922 by Forest Department. Bhim Bahadur Pradhan who was the
Forest Manager during 1922-1954 nurtured this garden and his pet
project with intense involvement in introduction of plants.
Other Details Around 500 labourers have been working diligently from 8 am to
7 pm for the past one-month on the infrastructural development as
initiated by the State Tourism Department ranging from
construction of a reception center for the visitors, boundary walls
measuring 8 feet in height, convention hall, exhibition hall,
cafeterias, toilets, walkways, stalls for display of flowers,
beautification of the compound, and laying of electrical cables to
compound illumination.
Besides, the construction of water fountain in double dome format,
balancing rock water fountain and musical water fountain is in
progress under the supervision of the Superintending Engineer,
Sikkim Tourism Prakash Chettri.
According to him, the balancing rock water fountain built on an
area measuring 20 feet in diameter, which would resemble as if a
jade of water, is supporting a rock would be the first of its kind in
the state.

Baseline Scenario
Impact Prediction
EIA LAB – EP 2010
8.5.4Case Study: Prision Tourism
Introduction Rongyek Jail in East Sikkim is emerging as a true home
for its inmates to reform and re-invent themselves. And
to watch these inmates’ world of hope, Sikkim has
started a first-of-its-kind Prison Tourism.
Project Details Under a first-of-its-kindscheme, beginning this month
(October), Indian tourists have begun visiting Rongyep
Jail on Sundays from 11 am to 2 pm. Tourists have to
pay a nominal registration fee of Rs 10 at the Tourism
Information Centre (TIC) of Sikkimn.
Other Details Around 500 labourers have been working diligently
from 8 am to 7 pm for the past one-month on the
infrastructural development as initiated by the State
Tourism Department ranging from construction of a
reception center for the visitors, boundary walls
measuring 8 feet in height, convention hall, exhibition
hall, cafeterias, toilets, walkways, stalls for display of
flowers, beautification of the compound, and laying of
electrical cables to compound illumination.
Besides, the construction of water fountain in double
dome format, balancing rock water fountain and musical
water fountain is in progress under the supervision of
the Superintending Engineer, Sikkim Tourism Prakash
Chettri.
According to him, the balancing rock water fountain
built on an area measuring 20 feet in diameter, which
would resemble as if a jade of water, is supporting a
rock would be the first of its kind in the state.
A jail can be much more than a place to confine criminals. The State of Sikkim and a humble
jailer show the way.

Baseline Scenario
Impact Prediction
EIA LAB – EP 2010
8.5.5Case Study: Singtam Water Garden
Introduction State : Sikkim, in the north eastern state of India.
Best time to Travel : March to late May, October to Mid-
December.
Location : Gangtok, the capital city of Sikkim is 30 km from
Singtam in Sikkim, India.
Importance of Singtam Water Garden
Singtam is the place where the major Landslide occurred in the
month of September where the whole Fruit Industry has been
damaged, there was a massive destruction of the property, but
no lives were affected.
Other Details Singtam town is situated in the East Sikkim District of Sikkim,
about 30 km from the state capital, Gangtok. This town was
developed due to its location as a junction and supply point for
the South District of Sikkim. The Government Fruit
Preservation Factory is located at this place. The major
attraction located at Singtam is the Bermoik Monastery, nearby.
Dzongu Valley is easily accessible from Singtam. Singtam in
Sikkim is abundant with the yellow heap of oranges, beside the
road, during the season.
Other Places to visit Bermoik Monastery: This monastery was constructed in 1952
and follows the Nyingma sect of Buddhism. It is situated in
South Sikkim above Singtam.
Dzongu Valley:Dzongu Valley is about 70 km north of Gangtok
and can be accessed through Singtam road. This valley is
formed by the fast flowing glacier fed rivers emerged from the
Great Himalayas. It comprises of forest and is blesseed with the
important rivers, Teesta and Tolung. Dzongu Valley rests in the
shadow of the beautiful and unique, Mount Kanchenjunga and
Mount Siniolchu.

Baseline Scenario
Impact Prediction
EIA LAB – EP 2010
8.5.6Case Study: Banjakri Water Falls
Introduction Sikkim, a fascinating & captivating Himalayan state and abode to the
mighty Khangchendzonga is truely a mystical place. The magic of the
mountain extends to its inhabitants too. The ethnic communities of this
place still have faith in magical realism, no matter how far science has
progressed! To play the roles of this kind of faith in the people, Sikkim
has Jhakri(s) or Shamans .
Place Details 'Bhanjhakri Falls' is an energy park as well as a shamatic theme park. This
park lies amidst lush green valley which is spread over two acres of land.
At the outskirts of Gangtok, the Capital of Sikkim. It is surrounded by
trees and a gushing mountain river. It is at almost 7000 feet above mean-
sea level, receiving rainfall almost for 8 months during the year!
Other Details The place are with different sculpture representing the communities of
Sikkim. Sikkimese styled foot bridge. Solar panels are laid alongside the
edge of the wall. Bhanjhakri Falls and Sikkimese styled foot bridge in the
fore-front. Ethnic sculpture and fugurines of the Jhakri culture.
Jhakris/Shamans in healing Ritual of sick person. The Shaman/Jhakri can
control and/or cooperate with the spirits for the community's benefit. The
spirit can be either good or bad. Ethnic sculpture and fugurines of the
Jhakri culture. Jhakris in healing Ritual of sick person. Shamans/Jhakris
get into a trace by singing, dancing, taking entheogens, meditating and
drumming.

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