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Eu Union Of The European Union Essay
On Thursday, June 23rd, in a history–making vote, the people of the United Kingdom decided to leave the European Union, hopefully providing
flexibility on a range of issues. For those who back the exit from the EU, the claim is Britain, among other things, will have better business regulations,
immigration control, and trade agreements. Ultimately, those in favor of leaving the EU, are seeking an economic and policy independence.
EU Member's respective national flags. Photo by: Gordon JohnsonWhat is the EU?
The European Union is a union of 28 nations who "have relinquished part of their sovereignty to EU institutions" such as the European Parliament,
European Council, and European Central Bank. Formed in 1993, the EU sought to further improve members' economies and establish European free
trade. In a deeper effort to unite, the EU also has an official currency that can be used throughout Europe. The currency, called the Euro, is used in 19
of the EU member states which make up the Eurozone. This currency assists in easier spending as it compliments the single market established by the
Union.
PM David Cameron and President Barack Obama (L); former Mayor Boris Johnson (R) Photo credit: Getty ImagesThe reality of the exit
Depending on who you listen to, the UK's departure from the EU can seem like the worst economic decision ever or the best opportunity for the
people and country to truly thrive. Economists, World Leaders, and experts of different
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The European Union is one of most contested subjects in the study of Politics and International Relations and there are often debates over the process
and effects of integration in Europe. There is no single theory of the European Union however, many theories have emerged throughout time that offer
various interpretations of both how and why European integration developed. Many would argue that European integration has been the most
triumphant experiment in international cooperation in all of human history (Kenealy, Peterson and Corbett 2015). The question asks to what extent are
theories of international relations able to account for European integration. This essay will argue that liberalist theories are better at explaining
European integration than realist and constructivist theories but to a moderate extent. This essay begins by looking at neofunctionalism as one of the
earliest school of thought when looking at European integration. The second paragraph will look at the critique of realism. It will then go on to look at
liberalist theories on European integration such as liberal intergovernmentalism and the Democratic Peace Theory. Finally, this essay will look at the
constructivist approach to European integration. Since the 1950's, European integration has been and ongoing process and it is a fluid system that is
constantly changing. Neofunctionalism and Institutionalism have long been dominant schools of thought when looking at the process of European
integration,
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Essay on The European Union
The European Union (EU) was established in order to prevent the horrors of modern warfare, experienced by most of Europe during the World Wars of
the 20th century, from ever ensuing again, by aiming to create an environment of trust with the countries of Europe cooperating in areas such as
commerce, research and trade (Adams, 2001). The EU has evolved into an economic, trade, political and monetary alliance between twenty–eight
European Member States. While not all Member States are in monetary union (i.e. share the currency of the euro), those that are form the 'Euro–zone'
(Dinan, 2006). The EU can pass a number of types of legislation, with a regulation, act, or law, being the most powerful. Its 'tricameral' (European
Union, 2007)...show more content...
However, some of the smaller states, such as the UK, receive more votes than is actually justified by population size.
The European Commission is the Executive (governmental) body of the EU, initiating legislative proposals and also managing the EU's budget
(Europa, 2007). Each commission operates for a five–year period, with meetings taking place in Brussels every Wednesday. The Commission consists
of a President of the Commission and twenty–eight commissioners (some vice presidents). Employees of the Commission are organised according to
department (Directorates–General) and answer to a Commissioner. The Commission exists in order to represent the interests of the whole of the EU
(thus arguably the whole of Europe), as opposed to individual Member States. The Commission represents the EU on a global basis and is the main
participant in negotiations in areas such as trade. The appointment of Commissioners is the responsibility of the Parliament, with all having previously
assumed senior positions in politics in their own country, usually within its national government. Proposals are drafted by the senior civil servant
(Director–General. A proposal may be adopted if more than half of the Commissioners decide to adopt it. Once agreed, all Commissioners must give
their unconditional support – similar to the collective responsibility held by the Scottish executives and the UK. The Commission works closely with
both
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The European Union ( Eu ) Essay
The European Union (EU) was created when the Maastricht Treaty, or now known as the Treaty on European Union, was signed in the early 1990's.
The document marked an essential milestone in the success and development of many European countries. It paved the way for many other future
treaties and it also created the EMU or the European Monetary Union ("Europe Without Frontiers"). Though there were other economic European
federations prior to the EU, the EU has by far been the more prosperous one. The EU was created to help unify Europe after WWII ended. With the
signing of the Maastricht Treaty, a central banking system was created, which would eventually set up the creation of the Euro (the currency currently
used in most of Europe). There are both ups and downs to the European Union as the world has seen with the latest news on Britain leaving the
federation. With England out of the European Union, the world will suffer enormous global economic ramifications.
The EU had a lot of good promise when it was first formed; for example, it helped unify Europe after the war and led to the creation of the Euro. The
Euro is still used today as a current monetary system throughout Europe. However, there are some downsides to being involved in the economic
organization. A prime example would be there are inefficient policies. One that comes to mind would be the Common Agricultural Policy. This policy's
"aim [is] to break the link between subsidies and production, to diversify the
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The European Union ( Eu ) Essay
People have created unions many times but not all of them were successful, specifically when we consider alliances among number of countries with
different economics, political systems and culture. For instance, last century brought both the biggest collapse and the most promising union in the
modern history. Although U.S.S.R has disappeared from geographical maps, some of its members joined another alliance. TheEuropean Union (EU) is
an economic and political partnership that united 28 countries on the European part of Eurasia and represents a unique form of cooperation among
members today.
Recently, the World Bank characterized the EU as a "Convergence machine" based on successive enlargements that leads to significant upward
convergence in wealth between poorer and richer member states (Gill, Raiser 2012). We should therefore not be astonished that EU membership
remains attractive to nearly all non–EU states within Europe. On the one hand, it is difficult to deny that EU enlargement promises benefits for
everyone involved. For example, it brings most notably economic benefits but also political and social benefits. On the other hand, the EU's
'take–it–or–leave–it' approach unnecessarily chases member states (hereinafter PMs) with accepting either the costs of being an outsider, or the costs
of modifying their norms and values to fulfill with the EU. Of course, such external pressure is not regretful in all cases such as when minorities are
being mistreated. However, PMs
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European Union Pros And Cons
Do you think it is useful for a country to join into a union, especially the European Union, to strengthen their economic position? The question could be
simple to answer but an individual must look much deeper into the situation. For instance, what are the pros and cons of joining a union? The European
Union has many pros but also many cons.
The European Union was formed in February 1992 with the signing of the Maastricht Treaty. It consist of originally twelve members– Belgium,
Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, and Germany. Those twelve members originally
formed the European Union until 1995 when three other countries joined the Union – Austria, Finland, and...show more content...
Also, with it being a single market, there are no barriers between the other countries. With the removal of custom barriers it will enable producers to cut
production costs, which will result in export increases. In addition to this the integration into the European Union will encourage foreign investment.
With encouraging foreign investment it will create new jobs and will bring new technologies and experience into East–central European industry and
trade. The process of adapting to a single market may be difficult, but it is necessary for economic growth in the long run. European Union regional
policy seeks to reduce social and economic differences between senior and new member states. That is saying the Union is trying to allow the newer
member states to compete with the older member states. This helps to solve the problems of a transition period. (Venckute) There will also be lower
interest rates. Why do you think there are going to be lower interest rates? Interest rates depend on the state of an economic cycle. The interest rate has
to be right for the economic area. That is the issue; not that they should be higher or lower. The interest rate is so important in all this that is said. It is
only going to effect the growth and unemployment reduction, if the interest rate is at the high rate level it will produce nil growth and high
unemployment. (Nieboer)
The information below will discuss the cons of the European Union. Many
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The European Union Essay
Introduction
In the course of fifty years, the European Union has expanded from six countries united under economic treaties to a large collective of twenty–five
sovereign nations. Maintaining the union within such a large group has grown more difficult as numerous treaties have been drafted to control the
governance of the European Union. To reduce the number of treaties in the union, the convention decided to draft a Constitution, which now moves
through the process of ratification in each of the sovereign nations. The Constitution works to set up a basis for the expansion of the Union and the
requirements that need to be met when a country seeks entry into the Union. But with the greater controls the EU seeks to place on the...show more
content...
The proposal limited the life span of the treaty to fifty years, meaning it would expire in 2002. The treaty "was the first significant step towards
European integration going beyond intergovernmentalism, establishing a supranational authority whose independent institutions had the power to bind
its constituent member States" . From there, the countries decided to expand their connections with the Treaty of Rome in 1957. This treaty created the
European Atomic Energy Community and the European Economic Community, both of which helped strengthen economic ties between the countries.
The member states strove to create a "common market" amongst themselves by removing trade barriers1. This common market was created slowly
with a lengthy transitional period, "during which tariff barriers would be removed and a common external customs tariff set up"2. It was at this point
that the High Authority transformed into the Commission, an executive authority within the treaties. The Parliamentary Assembly, Court of Justice and
Council of Ministers each then evolved by 1967. In 1992, the Treaty of Maastricht formally created the European Union through new forms of
collaboration in inter–governmental affairs of defense and justice1. One of the original goals for the European Union was to spread jurisdiction in
countries to help combat international crime organizations and terrorist movements. The expanded
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The Future of the European Union Essay
The Future of the European Union
The link between internationalization, governance and democracy is a central problem for politics as well as for political science. Even if clear
evidence on the nature of this link is not yet available, the literature seems to support the view that internationalization both undermines the capacity for
governance and puts into question traditional forms of democracy. Because it could be quite complicated to look at the EU model from a point of
classical democratic nation–state, it seems to be reasonable to discuss this problem, not by abstract reasoning, but by focusing on a concrete case.
European Union is the best case available, which in recent decades has developed...show more content...
The final part consists of an overall assessment of the EU's possible development.The EU is a Dynamic Multi–level System. Not only in political
science but also in legal science, sociology and economics basic concepts and theories rely on a traditional concept of the state. In this reasoning,
there are national political systems which take the form of a universally competent state as a powerful central organ on the one hand and international
relations taking place in the absence of central authority on the other hand; there is public law on the one hand and public international law or private
international law governing the collisions of domestic legal systems on the other hand; there is national society as the level of social integration and
world society as the level of system integration; there are national economies which allow for an intentionally created order on the one hand and the
world market which is governed at best by "spontaneous order" on the other hand. If already by the choice of fundamental theoretical notions the
member states on the one hand and the European Union on the other hand are considered as two separate political systems which are only linked by
the Council of Ministers, changes in this system easily disappear from our view. As a consequence, analytical models of the integration process
consider the question of whether it overcomes or strengthens
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Introduction of European Union
Introduction of European Union
The European Union (EU) is a family of democratic European countries working together to improve life for their citizens and to build a better world.
In just half a century it has delivered peace and prosperity in Europe, a single currency and a frontier–free 'single market ' where people, goods,
services and capital can move around freely. It has become a major trading bloc, and a world leader in fields such as environmental protection and
development aid.
The European Union 's success owes much to the unusual way in which it works. Unusual because the EU is not a federation like the United States; nor
is it simply an organisation for cooperation between governments, like the United Nations. It is, in...show more content...
The twin anchors of the pact are the rules that the national budget deficit must not exceed 3% of gross domestic product (GDP) and that government
debt should not be more than 60% of GDP. However, the pact is flexible enough to allow these thresholds to be exceeded in special circumstances, and
to recognise differences between countries using the euro and those who do not.
Each EU country's compliance with the pact is judged by its peers in the Council of the European Union. The Council can impose corrective
measures or even fines in the event of major breaches of the pact. The first step, however, is for the Council to set objectives for bringing wayward
economies back into line. In all cases to date, no further action has been required. The European Court of Justice is the ultimate arbiter of how the pact
should be interpreted.
Making cross–border payments cheaper
The European Central Bank not only has the job of keeping prices stable, but also of ensuring that cross–border euro transfers are as cheap as possible
for banks and their customers.
A real–time payments system known as TARGET and operated by the ECB and national central banks does this for very large sums of money. It will
also offer the same advantages in future to transactions in securities. This has the potential to make cross–border trading much more cost–effective.
The
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Essay on Human Rights in the European Union
Introduction
The development of a human rights policy in the EU has been a long and often undocumented journey. The sectoral approach of the Paris Treaty
establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951 had an economic and functional intention, lacking a declaration of fundamental
rights, as seen in national constitutions. It was not until the 2000 Nice Summit that the European Union first established a written charter, the EU
Charter of Fundamental Rights, explicitly stating and guaranteeing human rights in the European Union. Documented EU human rights policy before
2000 can be seen primarily in two ways:
1. Internally, through case–law from the European Court of Justice (ECJ)
2. Externally,...show more content...
Based on analysis from these four cases, conclusions regarding the effectiveness of human rights policy will be discussed.
Background of EU Human Rights Policy
European Court of Justice
The legitimacy of the ECJ to uphold EU legislation is a necessary component of effective human rights policy. The history of its increase in power is
worth noting. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the ECJ's location in Luxembourg, far from the political fray in Brussels and Strasburg, prevented it
from becoming a strong body of the EU. Yet, throughout that time the court methodically built case–law that would lead to its surge in influence in the
1980s. The two most significant developments of the court during this time period were direct effect and supremacy. These twin pillars clarified the
relationship between the national and EU legal orders.
The landmark decision involving direct effect occurred in 1963 in a case called Van Gend en Loos. In the case, a Dutch transport firm brought a
complaint against Dutch customs for increasing the duty on a product imported from Germany. The firm argued that the Dutch authorities had
breached a clause in the original EU treaty, which prohibited member states from introducing new duties in the common market. The Court agreed with
the firm and declared that any "unconditionally worded treaty provision being self sufficient and legally complete" did not require
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Germany and the European Union Essay
Germany and the European Union
As it began, our century drew to a close, with Germany once again the economic powerhouse and political hub of Europe. What is remarkable is how
quickly this happened, how unbidden and unanticipated: the toppling of the Berlin Wall in November 1989; the reunification a year later; the collapse
of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War in late December 1991; a resurgent impetus to West European integration in 1992; and NATO
enlargement, which was consecrated in April 1999. Unquestionably, this chain of events has profoundly affectedGermany's situation over the past
decades. For the first time since the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) in 1949 and the painstaking process of...show more
content...
And, after examining the likely results of this globalization on the three most important aspects of a nation's responsibilities – the social, economic, and
political spheres – we will find that it is, indeed, to Germany's advantage to continue to be involved with and integrated into the European Union.
Politically, the issue essentially boils down to a question of national sovereignty. Naturally, no country in the European Union is willing to sacrifice,
fully, the free will and power of their own governing body. Yet we are in a time where strides can be made successfully at keeping certain amounts of
sovereignty while allowing for a larger, supranational organization to pick up the slack. The classical nation–state has long since reached the limits of
its political and economic potential; in light of the recent terrorist attacks, it has become clearer that the serious problems faced by humanity can no
longer be solved as isolated matters by a nation–state, but instead must be addressed by nations acting together. Clearly, then, it is important for the EU
as a whole to have Germany, as a leading political (and recently even military) force, involved early and thoroughly in the Union.
Yet, what about for Germany? Almost for the exact reasons the rest ofEurope would benefit from their involvement, it would seem that Germany
would be held back by political involvement in the EU. As the strongest economically and politically, many assume that entering
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Essay about Immigration to the European Union
Immigration to the European Union
The EU has to decide how to deal with immigration. The European Union allows it's citizens to move freely within it's borders, and also work in any
member country. It is also relatively safe and has a democratic government, which makes the laws and regulations, the countries within it are quite
highly developed and successful, and provide benefits to needy citizens. It may not be perfect, but compared to other countries there are many
opportunities for a 'good life' in the EU.
It is therefore no wonder that migrants come, either fleeing violence or prosecution (asylum seekers) or looking for work, (economic migrants).
The question the EU needs answering...show more content...
§
The Express has the front–page headline: "Forged ID cards are a passport to terror." The article explains how easily fake passports and ID cards can be
purchased for use of immigration to Europe and permission to work, "It doesn't matter if you don't have permission to work – with these you can easily
get a job," it states.¨
Should this be worrying? What seems more concerning is that it off–handily switches from talk of migrants to terrorists without much separation.
Another example that gives the impression that immigration will cause a rise in crime is given in a report from the European crime agency, Europol:
"Warning that organised vice and drug gangs may flood Britain" Г‚©it states dramatically. However, evidence from the socio
–economic research
program showed that there was no direct link between immigration and rising crime levels. "Ignorance is the basis of racism," says European research
commissioner, Phillip Basquin, "and this new report should help insure that any future judgments or policies involving immigration issues will take
into account the latest facts first."ª
Taking a look on a different point of the argument, it seems that there is more evidence that goes against the papers.
What would happen to the EU if
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The European Union Essay
he European Union consists of many institutions and through these parts, it functions itself. While it has a highly federalized
government–like–framework (EU Parliament), simultaneously, it also has loose intergovernmental institutions (Council of European Union and the
European Council). It is a complex hybrid organization, falling somewhere between the intergovernmental cooperative United Nations, and the federal
government of United States of America. The chief constituting bodies are namely,
1.European Commission
2.European Parliament
3.European Council
4.Council of Ministers/ Council of EU/ EU Council ("The Council")
5.European Court of Justice
Besides these, there are nine other functioning institutions within the EU.
1.European Commission : Considered as the "Guardian of the European Union", the commission represents the interests of EU, is responsible for the
day–to–day operations of the EU, initiates legislations, draws budget, is accountable for the goals set by the treaties and it can also begin
conversations. With the help of the ECJ, the Commission can also take warn and take proper steps against respective states who have disobeyed the
regulations, decisions or directives set by the EU. It is said to be EU's "politically independent executive arm". The members are 28 in number, each
from each member country, being headed by the President. The President is first selected by the European Council, and then he has to pass the by
majority vote in the
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Britain and the European Union Essay example
Britain and the European Union
"We have our own dream and our own task. We are with Europe, but not of it. We are linked, but not combined. We are interested and associated, but
not absorbed."1 Winston Churchill's famous quote aptly describes Britain's intentions towards European integration. In this essay I shall attempt to
show that Britain's relationship towards
European integration has been one of a reluctant union, supporting free trade and mutually beneficial cooperation, while attempting to distance itself
from economic and cultural 'unity' with Europe, and I will finish by describing the effects on Britain's sovereignty since joining the
European Union . The term integration can be understood, in context of the...show more content...
However, the fact that Britain had to accept that there was a need for trade barriers to fall and new markets to open, coupled with the realisation that it
could not exist successfully as a separate economically independent entity. There was the recognition by some that the only hope to attain these goals
was to join the EC as "there was little scope for a United Kingdom outside the community, especially when the six
(Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands) had done so visibly better than the UK4" Since 'biting the bullet' and gaining its
membership to the then called
European Community in 1973, Britain has vocally announced that it would prefer the 'salad bar' version of integration to the 'stewed' version. For
example, Margaret Thatcher spoke in Bruges in September
1988 and she said she "sought to lay down a vision of a Europe of sovereign states, economically considerably more liberal, deregulated and
interdependent, but a Europe based essentially on cooperation rather than integration5". Within the EU, Britain could work with the other member
nations to guarantee its economic interests and attempt to maintain its influence and continue to hold sway in world affairs. Inside the EU Britain would
"be able to mould the trading systems of Europe to its advantage. As an outsider, it feared being on the uninfluential receiving end of decisions made
by the combined power of
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The European Union Essay
The European Union
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. MISSIONS AND VISIONS FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION 1
1.2. THE GENERAL VIEW OF THE EUROPEAN UNION 1
1.3. THE LEVEL OF INVOLVEMENT FOR EUROPEAN UNION 2
2. THE EUROPEAN UNION 4
2.1. HISTORY OF THE EUROPEANUNION 4
2.1.1. HOW THE EU WAS BUILT 4
2.1.2. MEMBER STATESOF...show more content...
The Union's functions are spreading from purely economic and monetary up to the social and security matters; it has become an integral part of
government for almost each European country.
The missions and visions for the European Union we seek is really the big picture of the Union that we have in our mind for the future of this
organization. Thus we need to come together and look out for what the picture is like and where does the overlapping occur.
1.2. THE GENERAL VIEW OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Although an implicit agreement seems to have been reached that European Union is something much more than simply an international organization of
a kind, there seems to be no distinct vision of what it is then. What is European Union? What should we call it? What should we compare it to? Or is it
completely unique and incomparable?
The issue of the basic idea of the European Union is something that should be elaborated by especially a convention like this. It is important that the
people of the Union make it clear for themselves what they see in it and what they would like to see. If the union is unique, can we define it somehow?
I think this convention should try to seek out the innovative ideas that are not limited by the traditional
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What Is The Most Courageous Tales Of Freedom?
Some of the most courageous tales of freedom have been those of territories becoming nations, states becoming nations, or a group of people becoming
independent. Throughout history, the United States declared independence from England, Belize declared independence from the United Kingdom,
and the Ivory Coast declared dependence from France. Many countries have formed through declaring independence and blazing their own trails. The
United Kingdom, as of June 23rd, 2016 has decided to blaze its own trail and leave the European Union, a group of member states that work together
for a common market and common political interests. Each of the members of the EU are their own self–governing countries, but they meet together as
a regional organization. Leaving one of the most powerful organizations in the world looks to be one of the most courageous, or foolish, tales of
freedom in European history. The formation of the European Union started about three–quarters of a century ago. The first blueprints of the European
Union date back to 1951 for the formation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) (Wilkinson). This organization included the Inner Six
countries of Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany. The ECSC was founded by the French foreign minister, Robert
Schuman, whom lead this organization with the Schuman declaration in May 1950 (Wilkinson). This organization of states inspired the formation of
many similar organizations in Europe.
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Pros and Cons of the European Union
Do you think it is useful to join into a union especially the European Union to strengthen their economic positions? The question could be simple to
answer but an individual must look much deeper into the situation. For instance, what are the pros and cons of joining a union? The European Union has
many pros but also many cons.
The European Union was formed in February 1992 with the signing of the Maastricht Treaty. It consist of originally twelve members В– Belgium,
Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, and Germany. Those twelve members originally
formed the European Union until 1995 when three other countries joined the Union В–...show more content...
By spending part of their education or training in another European Union country, the citizens can acquire an insight into other work environments and
gain skills that are very useful in later life. By having a closer joint effort and sharing the experiences with other European countries will bring
democratic traditions and modern way of living to the society of new member states. Also, with it being a single market, there are no barriers between
the other countries. With the removal of custom barriers it will enable producers to cut production costs, which will result in export increases. In
addition to this the integration into the European Union will encourage foreign investment. With encouraging foreign investment it will create new
jobs and will bring new technologies and experience into East–central European industry and trade. The process of adapting to a single market may be
difficult, but it is necessary for economic growth in the long run. European Union regional policy seeks to reduce social and economic differences
between senior and new member states. That is saying the Union is trying to allow the newer member states to compete with the older member states.
This helps to solve the problems of a transition period. (Venckute) There will also be lower interest rates. Why do you think there are going to be
lower interest rates? Interest rates depend on the state of
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For a significant portion of our history, Europe has seen constant battles and bloodshed, often due to leaders or military forces with desire of holding
sovereignty over other countries – such as the Norman Conquest lead by William the Conqueror, desire to distinguish their country as an independent
state – such as the Irish War of Independence lead by the IRA, or even for political reasons– such as the holocaust lead by renowned political
extremist and dictator Adolf Hitler.
Although these events, along with a multitude of other wars – civil, guerilla or full–frontal attacks on other countries – were undoubtedly devastating to
Europe due to the large loss of lives and the impact on the economy, they seem to rate very low in terms of...show more content...
With no associated military force, the League had only empty threats to work with and its strongest members – Britain and France – were suffering in
terms of both economy and armed forces.
World War II lasted six years, dramatically crippling the European economy. A war responsible for over 40 million deaths was inevitably going to
cause large scale damage to society as a whole. For example, cities were reduced to ruins, food had to be rationed due to halved agricultural
production, and communications were severely disrupted due to the destruction of railways, bridges and harbours.
In his speech in Zurich, September 1946, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill encouraged the idea of European countries banding together, he
likened it to 'a kind of United States of Europe'. However, this view has not always brought enthusiasm, with some fearing the idea of a 'super state',
loss of sovereignty, spending money/sharing resources where they will not see a return or perhaps due to a lack of faith in the importance of being
part of the European Union (EU), hence some countries have still not joined (for example Switzerland, Iceland and Ukraine)
The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) came into force in 1952, first proposed by Robert Schuman. The idea behind the organisation was
to aid in the rebuilding of the
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The Union And The European Union
The European Union is an entity that is seen nowhere else in the world. It is not a government, it is not an international organization, and it is not just
an association of states. The European Union members, instead, have decided to turnover part of their sovereignty to the Union so that many decisions
can be made at the institutions leadership level. This partnership includes 28 diverse democracies built together on the basis of complex treaties.
Although the goals of this organization were to assist with expanding economic prosperity, peace and stability throughout its member states, the
European Union has been faced with ever–pressing concerns in the recent past that are very serious and may in fact become fatal to the continued
coalescing between members. These problems can be categorized into three categories; economic, social, and political.
Economically, the last 6 or so years have been nothing short of dismal for the European Union and its members. Due to the diversity among its
members own national economic policies, the European Union's economic configuration and its single currency were shown to be somewhat
incoherent. The European Union's gross domestic product only grew a measly one percent in 2013, compared to the United States' 2.2 percent growth.
In December 2014, unemployment among member nations of the European Union hovered around 11.4 percent, while the United States
unemployment rate held at around 5.6 percent. Even though in the U.S. we are ever
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Eu Union Of The European Union Essay

  • 1. Eu Union Of The European Union Essay On Thursday, June 23rd, in a history–making vote, the people of the United Kingdom decided to leave the European Union, hopefully providing flexibility on a range of issues. For those who back the exit from the EU, the claim is Britain, among other things, will have better business regulations, immigration control, and trade agreements. Ultimately, those in favor of leaving the EU, are seeking an economic and policy independence. EU Member's respective national flags. Photo by: Gordon JohnsonWhat is the EU? The European Union is a union of 28 nations who "have relinquished part of their sovereignty to EU institutions" such as the European Parliament, European Council, and European Central Bank. Formed in 1993, the EU sought to further improve members' economies and establish European free trade. In a deeper effort to unite, the EU also has an official currency that can be used throughout Europe. The currency, called the Euro, is used in 19 of the EU member states which make up the Eurozone. This currency assists in easier spending as it compliments the single market established by the Union. PM David Cameron and President Barack Obama (L); former Mayor Boris Johnson (R) Photo credit: Getty ImagesThe reality of the exit Depending on who you listen to, the UK's departure from the EU can seem like the worst economic decision ever or the best opportunity for the people and country to truly thrive. Economists, World Leaders, and experts of different Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. The European Union is one of most contested subjects in the study of Politics and International Relations and there are often debates over the process and effects of integration in Europe. There is no single theory of the European Union however, many theories have emerged throughout time that offer various interpretations of both how and why European integration developed. Many would argue that European integration has been the most triumphant experiment in international cooperation in all of human history (Kenealy, Peterson and Corbett 2015). The question asks to what extent are theories of international relations able to account for European integration. This essay will argue that liberalist theories are better at explaining European integration than realist and constructivist theories but to a moderate extent. This essay begins by looking at neofunctionalism as one of the earliest school of thought when looking at European integration. The second paragraph will look at the critique of realism. It will then go on to look at liberalist theories on European integration such as liberal intergovernmentalism and the Democratic Peace Theory. Finally, this essay will look at the constructivist approach to European integration. Since the 1950's, European integration has been and ongoing process and it is a fluid system that is constantly changing. Neofunctionalism and Institutionalism have long been dominant schools of thought when looking at the process of European integration, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Essay on The European Union The European Union (EU) was established in order to prevent the horrors of modern warfare, experienced by most of Europe during the World Wars of the 20th century, from ever ensuing again, by aiming to create an environment of trust with the countries of Europe cooperating in areas such as commerce, research and trade (Adams, 2001). The EU has evolved into an economic, trade, political and monetary alliance between twenty–eight European Member States. While not all Member States are in monetary union (i.e. share the currency of the euro), those that are form the 'Euro–zone' (Dinan, 2006). The EU can pass a number of types of legislation, with a regulation, act, or law, being the most powerful. Its 'tricameral' (European Union, 2007)...show more content... However, some of the smaller states, such as the UK, receive more votes than is actually justified by population size. The European Commission is the Executive (governmental) body of the EU, initiating legislative proposals and also managing the EU's budget (Europa, 2007). Each commission operates for a five–year period, with meetings taking place in Brussels every Wednesday. The Commission consists of a President of the Commission and twenty–eight commissioners (some vice presidents). Employees of the Commission are organised according to department (Directorates–General) and answer to a Commissioner. The Commission exists in order to represent the interests of the whole of the EU (thus arguably the whole of Europe), as opposed to individual Member States. The Commission represents the EU on a global basis and is the main participant in negotiations in areas such as trade. The appointment of Commissioners is the responsibility of the Parliament, with all having previously assumed senior positions in politics in their own country, usually within its national government. Proposals are drafted by the senior civil servant (Director–General. A proposal may be adopted if more than half of the Commissioners decide to adopt it. Once agreed, all Commissioners must give their unconditional support – similar to the collective responsibility held by the Scottish executives and the UK. The Commission works closely with both Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. The European Union ( Eu ) Essay The European Union (EU) was created when the Maastricht Treaty, or now known as the Treaty on European Union, was signed in the early 1990's. The document marked an essential milestone in the success and development of many European countries. It paved the way for many other future treaties and it also created the EMU or the European Monetary Union ("Europe Without Frontiers"). Though there were other economic European federations prior to the EU, the EU has by far been the more prosperous one. The EU was created to help unify Europe after WWII ended. With the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, a central banking system was created, which would eventually set up the creation of the Euro (the currency currently used in most of Europe). There are both ups and downs to the European Union as the world has seen with the latest news on Britain leaving the federation. With England out of the European Union, the world will suffer enormous global economic ramifications. The EU had a lot of good promise when it was first formed; for example, it helped unify Europe after the war and led to the creation of the Euro. The Euro is still used today as a current monetary system throughout Europe. However, there are some downsides to being involved in the economic organization. A prime example would be there are inefficient policies. One that comes to mind would be the Common Agricultural Policy. This policy's "aim [is] to break the link between subsidies and production, to diversify the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. The European Union ( Eu ) Essay People have created unions many times but not all of them were successful, specifically when we consider alliances among number of countries with different economics, political systems and culture. For instance, last century brought both the biggest collapse and the most promising union in the modern history. Although U.S.S.R has disappeared from geographical maps, some of its members joined another alliance. TheEuropean Union (EU) is an economic and political partnership that united 28 countries on the European part of Eurasia and represents a unique form of cooperation among members today. Recently, the World Bank characterized the EU as a "Convergence machine" based on successive enlargements that leads to significant upward convergence in wealth between poorer and richer member states (Gill, Raiser 2012). We should therefore not be astonished that EU membership remains attractive to nearly all non–EU states within Europe. On the one hand, it is difficult to deny that EU enlargement promises benefits for everyone involved. For example, it brings most notably economic benefits but also political and social benefits. On the other hand, the EU's 'take–it–or–leave–it' approach unnecessarily chases member states (hereinafter PMs) with accepting either the costs of being an outsider, or the costs of modifying their norms and values to fulfill with the EU. Of course, such external pressure is not regretful in all cases such as when minorities are being mistreated. However, PMs Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. European Union Pros And Cons Do you think it is useful for a country to join into a union, especially the European Union, to strengthen their economic position? The question could be simple to answer but an individual must look much deeper into the situation. For instance, what are the pros and cons of joining a union? The European Union has many pros but also many cons. The European Union was formed in February 1992 with the signing of the Maastricht Treaty. It consist of originally twelve members– Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, and Germany. Those twelve members originally formed the European Union until 1995 when three other countries joined the Union – Austria, Finland, and...show more content... Also, with it being a single market, there are no barriers between the other countries. With the removal of custom barriers it will enable producers to cut production costs, which will result in export increases. In addition to this the integration into the European Union will encourage foreign investment. With encouraging foreign investment it will create new jobs and will bring new technologies and experience into East–central European industry and trade. The process of adapting to a single market may be difficult, but it is necessary for economic growth in the long run. European Union regional policy seeks to reduce social and economic differences between senior and new member states. That is saying the Union is trying to allow the newer member states to compete with the older member states. This helps to solve the problems of a transition period. (Venckute) There will also be lower interest rates. Why do you think there are going to be lower interest rates? Interest rates depend on the state of an economic cycle. The interest rate has to be right for the economic area. That is the issue; not that they should be higher or lower. The interest rate is so important in all this that is said. It is only going to effect the growth and unemployment reduction, if the interest rate is at the high rate level it will produce nil growth and high unemployment. (Nieboer) The information below will discuss the cons of the European Union. Many Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. The European Union Essay Introduction In the course of fifty years, the European Union has expanded from six countries united under economic treaties to a large collective of twenty–five sovereign nations. Maintaining the union within such a large group has grown more difficult as numerous treaties have been drafted to control the governance of the European Union. To reduce the number of treaties in the union, the convention decided to draft a Constitution, which now moves through the process of ratification in each of the sovereign nations. The Constitution works to set up a basis for the expansion of the Union and the requirements that need to be met when a country seeks entry into the Union. But with the greater controls the EU seeks to place on the...show more content... The proposal limited the life span of the treaty to fifty years, meaning it would expire in 2002. The treaty "was the first significant step towards European integration going beyond intergovernmentalism, establishing a supranational authority whose independent institutions had the power to bind its constituent member States" . From there, the countries decided to expand their connections with the Treaty of Rome in 1957. This treaty created the European Atomic Energy Community and the European Economic Community, both of which helped strengthen economic ties between the countries. The member states strove to create a "common market" amongst themselves by removing trade barriers1. This common market was created slowly with a lengthy transitional period, "during which tariff barriers would be removed and a common external customs tariff set up"2. It was at this point that the High Authority transformed into the Commission, an executive authority within the treaties. The Parliamentary Assembly, Court of Justice and Council of Ministers each then evolved by 1967. In 1992, the Treaty of Maastricht formally created the European Union through new forms of collaboration in inter–governmental affairs of defense and justice1. One of the original goals for the European Union was to spread jurisdiction in countries to help combat international crime organizations and terrorist movements. The expanded Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. The Future of the European Union Essay The Future of the European Union The link between internationalization, governance and democracy is a central problem for politics as well as for political science. Even if clear evidence on the nature of this link is not yet available, the literature seems to support the view that internationalization both undermines the capacity for governance and puts into question traditional forms of democracy. Because it could be quite complicated to look at the EU model from a point of classical democratic nation–state, it seems to be reasonable to discuss this problem, not by abstract reasoning, but by focusing on a concrete case. European Union is the best case available, which in recent decades has developed...show more content... The final part consists of an overall assessment of the EU's possible development.The EU is a Dynamic Multi–level System. Not only in political science but also in legal science, sociology and economics basic concepts and theories rely on a traditional concept of the state. In this reasoning, there are national political systems which take the form of a universally competent state as a powerful central organ on the one hand and international relations taking place in the absence of central authority on the other hand; there is public law on the one hand and public international law or private international law governing the collisions of domestic legal systems on the other hand; there is national society as the level of social integration and world society as the level of system integration; there are national economies which allow for an intentionally created order on the one hand and the world market which is governed at best by "spontaneous order" on the other hand. If already by the choice of fundamental theoretical notions the member states on the one hand and the European Union on the other hand are considered as two separate political systems which are only linked by the Council of Ministers, changes in this system easily disappear from our view. As a consequence, analytical models of the integration process consider the question of whether it overcomes or strengthens Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. Introduction of European Union Introduction of European Union The European Union (EU) is a family of democratic European countries working together to improve life for their citizens and to build a better world. In just half a century it has delivered peace and prosperity in Europe, a single currency and a frontier–free 'single market ' where people, goods, services and capital can move around freely. It has become a major trading bloc, and a world leader in fields such as environmental protection and development aid. The European Union 's success owes much to the unusual way in which it works. Unusual because the EU is not a federation like the United States; nor is it simply an organisation for cooperation between governments, like the United Nations. It is, in...show more content... The twin anchors of the pact are the rules that the national budget deficit must not exceed 3% of gross domestic product (GDP) and that government debt should not be more than 60% of GDP. However, the pact is flexible enough to allow these thresholds to be exceeded in special circumstances, and to recognise differences between countries using the euro and those who do not. Each EU country's compliance with the pact is judged by its peers in the Council of the European Union. The Council can impose corrective measures or even fines in the event of major breaches of the pact. The first step, however, is for the Council to set objectives for bringing wayward economies back into line. In all cases to date, no further action has been required. The European Court of Justice is the ultimate arbiter of how the pact should be interpreted. Making cross–border payments cheaper The European Central Bank not only has the job of keeping prices stable, but also of ensuring that cross–border euro transfers are as cheap as possible for banks and their customers. A real–time payments system known as TARGET and operated by the ECB and national central banks does this for very large sums of money. It will also offer the same advantages in future to transactions in securities. This has the potential to make cross–border trading much more cost–effective. The
  • 10. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. Essay on Human Rights in the European Union Introduction The development of a human rights policy in the EU has been a long and often undocumented journey. The sectoral approach of the Paris Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951 had an economic and functional intention, lacking a declaration of fundamental rights, as seen in national constitutions. It was not until the 2000 Nice Summit that the European Union first established a written charter, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, explicitly stating and guaranteeing human rights in the European Union. Documented EU human rights policy before 2000 can be seen primarily in two ways: 1. Internally, through case–law from the European Court of Justice (ECJ) 2. Externally,...show more content... Based on analysis from these four cases, conclusions regarding the effectiveness of human rights policy will be discussed. Background of EU Human Rights Policy European Court of Justice The legitimacy of the ECJ to uphold EU legislation is a necessary component of effective human rights policy. The history of its increase in power is worth noting. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the ECJ's location in Luxembourg, far from the political fray in Brussels and Strasburg, prevented it from becoming a strong body of the EU. Yet, throughout that time the court methodically built case–law that would lead to its surge in influence in the 1980s. The two most significant developments of the court during this time period were direct effect and supremacy. These twin pillars clarified the relationship between the national and EU legal orders. The landmark decision involving direct effect occurred in 1963 in a case called Van Gend en Loos. In the case, a Dutch transport firm brought a complaint against Dutch customs for increasing the duty on a product imported from Germany. The firm argued that the Dutch authorities had breached a clause in the original EU treaty, which prohibited member states from introducing new duties in the common market. The Court agreed with
  • 12. the firm and declared that any "unconditionally worded treaty provision being self sufficient and legally complete" did not require Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. Germany and the European Union Essay Germany and the European Union As it began, our century drew to a close, with Germany once again the economic powerhouse and political hub of Europe. What is remarkable is how quickly this happened, how unbidden and unanticipated: the toppling of the Berlin Wall in November 1989; the reunification a year later; the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War in late December 1991; a resurgent impetus to West European integration in 1992; and NATO enlargement, which was consecrated in April 1999. Unquestionably, this chain of events has profoundly affectedGermany's situation over the past decades. For the first time since the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) in 1949 and the painstaking process of...show more content... And, after examining the likely results of this globalization on the three most important aspects of a nation's responsibilities – the social, economic, and political spheres – we will find that it is, indeed, to Germany's advantage to continue to be involved with and integrated into the European Union. Politically, the issue essentially boils down to a question of national sovereignty. Naturally, no country in the European Union is willing to sacrifice, fully, the free will and power of their own governing body. Yet we are in a time where strides can be made successfully at keeping certain amounts of sovereignty while allowing for a larger, supranational organization to pick up the slack. The classical nation–state has long since reached the limits of its political and economic potential; in light of the recent terrorist attacks, it has become clearer that the serious problems faced by humanity can no longer be solved as isolated matters by a nation–state, but instead must be addressed by nations acting together. Clearly, then, it is important for the EU as a whole to have Germany, as a leading political (and recently even military) force, involved early and thoroughly in the Union. Yet, what about for Germany? Almost for the exact reasons the rest ofEurope would benefit from their involvement, it would seem that Germany would be held back by political involvement in the EU. As the strongest economically and politically, many assume that entering Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. Essay about Immigration to the European Union Immigration to the European Union The EU has to decide how to deal with immigration. The European Union allows it's citizens to move freely within it's borders, and also work in any member country. It is also relatively safe and has a democratic government, which makes the laws and regulations, the countries within it are quite highly developed and successful, and provide benefits to needy citizens. It may not be perfect, but compared to other countries there are many opportunities for a 'good life' in the EU. It is therefore no wonder that migrants come, either fleeing violence or prosecution (asylum seekers) or looking for work, (economic migrants). The question the EU needs answering...show more content... § The Express has the front–page headline: "Forged ID cards are a passport to terror." The article explains how easily fake passports and ID cards can be purchased for use of immigration to Europe and permission to work, "It doesn't matter if you don't have permission to work – with these you can easily get a job," it states.¨ Should this be worrying? What seems more concerning is that it off–handily switches from talk of migrants to terrorists without much separation. Another example that gives the impression that immigration will cause a rise in crime is given in a report from the European crime agency, Europol: "Warning that organised vice and drug gangs may flood Britain" Г‚©it states dramatically. However, evidence from the socio –economic research program showed that there was no direct link between immigration and rising crime levels. "Ignorance is the basis of racism," says European research commissioner, Phillip Basquin, "and this new report should help insure that any future judgments or policies involving immigration issues will take into account the latest facts first."ª Taking a look on a different point of the argument, it seems that there is more evidence that goes against the papers. What would happen to the EU if
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  • 16. The European Union Essay he European Union consists of many institutions and through these parts, it functions itself. While it has a highly federalized government–like–framework (EU Parliament), simultaneously, it also has loose intergovernmental institutions (Council of European Union and the European Council). It is a complex hybrid organization, falling somewhere between the intergovernmental cooperative United Nations, and the federal government of United States of America. The chief constituting bodies are namely, 1.European Commission 2.European Parliament 3.European Council 4.Council of Ministers/ Council of EU/ EU Council ("The Council") 5.European Court of Justice Besides these, there are nine other functioning institutions within the EU. 1.European Commission : Considered as the "Guardian of the European Union", the commission represents the interests of EU, is responsible for the day–to–day operations of the EU, initiates legislations, draws budget, is accountable for the goals set by the treaties and it can also begin conversations. With the help of the ECJ, the Commission can also take warn and take proper steps against respective states who have disobeyed the regulations, decisions or directives set by the EU. It is said to be EU's "politically independent executive arm". The members are 28 in number, each from each member country, being headed by the President. The President is first selected by the European Council, and then he has to pass the by majority vote in the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. Britain and the European Union Essay example Britain and the European Union "We have our own dream and our own task. We are with Europe, but not of it. We are linked, but not combined. We are interested and associated, but not absorbed."1 Winston Churchill's famous quote aptly describes Britain's intentions towards European integration. In this essay I shall attempt to show that Britain's relationship towards European integration has been one of a reluctant union, supporting free trade and mutually beneficial cooperation, while attempting to distance itself from economic and cultural 'unity' with Europe, and I will finish by describing the effects on Britain's sovereignty since joining the European Union . The term integration can be understood, in context of the...show more content... However, the fact that Britain had to accept that there was a need for trade barriers to fall and new markets to open, coupled with the realisation that it could not exist successfully as a separate economically independent entity. There was the recognition by some that the only hope to attain these goals was to join the EC as "there was little scope for a United Kingdom outside the community, especially when the six (Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands) had done so visibly better than the UK4" Since 'biting the bullet' and gaining its membership to the then called European Community in 1973, Britain has vocally announced that it would prefer the 'salad bar' version of integration to the 'stewed' version. For example, Margaret Thatcher spoke in Bruges in September 1988 and she said she "sought to lay down a vision of a Europe of sovereign states, economically considerably more liberal, deregulated and interdependent, but a Europe based essentially on cooperation rather than integration5". Within the EU, Britain could work with the other member nations to guarantee its economic interests and attempt to maintain its influence and continue to hold sway in world affairs. Inside the EU Britain would "be able to mould the trading systems of Europe to its advantage. As an outsider, it feared being on the uninfluential receiving end of decisions made by the combined power of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. The European Union Essay The European Union 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. MISSIONS AND VISIONS FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION 1 1.2. THE GENERAL VIEW OF THE EUROPEAN UNION 1 1.3. THE LEVEL OF INVOLVEMENT FOR EUROPEAN UNION 2 2. THE EUROPEAN UNION 4 2.1. HISTORY OF THE EUROPEANUNION 4 2.1.1. HOW THE EU WAS BUILT 4 2.1.2. MEMBER STATESOF...show more content... The Union's functions are spreading from purely economic and monetary up to the social and security matters; it has become an integral part of government for almost each European country. The missions and visions for the European Union we seek is really the big picture of the Union that we have in our mind for the future of this organization. Thus we need to come together and look out for what the picture is like and where does the overlapping occur. 1.2. THE GENERAL VIEW OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Although an implicit agreement seems to have been reached that European Union is something much more than simply an international organization of a kind, there seems to be no distinct vision of what it is then. What is European Union? What should we call it? What should we compare it to? Or is it completely unique and incomparable? The issue of the basic idea of the European Union is something that should be elaborated by especially a convention like this. It is important that the people of the Union make it clear for themselves what they see in it and what they would like to see. If the union is unique, can we define it somehow? I think this convention should try to seek out the innovative ideas that are not limited by the traditional
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  • 20. What Is The Most Courageous Tales Of Freedom? Some of the most courageous tales of freedom have been those of territories becoming nations, states becoming nations, or a group of people becoming independent. Throughout history, the United States declared independence from England, Belize declared independence from the United Kingdom, and the Ivory Coast declared dependence from France. Many countries have formed through declaring independence and blazing their own trails. The United Kingdom, as of June 23rd, 2016 has decided to blaze its own trail and leave the European Union, a group of member states that work together for a common market and common political interests. Each of the members of the EU are their own self–governing countries, but they meet together as a regional organization. Leaving one of the most powerful organizations in the world looks to be one of the most courageous, or foolish, tales of freedom in European history. The formation of the European Union started about three–quarters of a century ago. The first blueprints of the European Union date back to 1951 for the formation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) (Wilkinson). This organization included the Inner Six countries of Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany. The ECSC was founded by the French foreign minister, Robert Schuman, whom lead this organization with the Schuman declaration in May 1950 (Wilkinson). This organization of states inspired the formation of many similar organizations in Europe. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 21. Pros and Cons of the European Union Do you think it is useful to join into a union especially the European Union to strengthen their economic positions? The question could be simple to answer but an individual must look much deeper into the situation. For instance, what are the pros and cons of joining a union? The European Union has many pros but also many cons. The European Union was formed in February 1992 with the signing of the Maastricht Treaty. It consist of originally twelve members В– Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, and Germany. Those twelve members originally formed the European Union until 1995 when three other countries joined the Union В–...show more content... By spending part of their education or training in another European Union country, the citizens can acquire an insight into other work environments and gain skills that are very useful in later life. By having a closer joint effort and sharing the experiences with other European countries will bring democratic traditions and modern way of living to the society of new member states. Also, with it being a single market, there are no barriers between the other countries. With the removal of custom barriers it will enable producers to cut production costs, which will result in export increases. In addition to this the integration into the European Union will encourage foreign investment. With encouraging foreign investment it will create new jobs and will bring new technologies and experience into East–central European industry and trade. The process of adapting to a single market may be difficult, but it is necessary for economic growth in the long run. European Union regional policy seeks to reduce social and economic differences between senior and new member states. That is saying the Union is trying to allow the newer member states to compete with the older member states. This helps to solve the problems of a transition period. (Venckute) There will also be lower interest rates. Why do you think there are going to be lower interest rates? Interest rates depend on the state of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 22. For a significant portion of our history, Europe has seen constant battles and bloodshed, often due to leaders or military forces with desire of holding sovereignty over other countries – such as the Norman Conquest lead by William the Conqueror, desire to distinguish their country as an independent state – such as the Irish War of Independence lead by the IRA, or even for political reasons– such as the holocaust lead by renowned political extremist and dictator Adolf Hitler. Although these events, along with a multitude of other wars – civil, guerilla or full–frontal attacks on other countries – were undoubtedly devastating to Europe due to the large loss of lives and the impact on the economy, they seem to rate very low in terms of...show more content... With no associated military force, the League had only empty threats to work with and its strongest members – Britain and France – were suffering in terms of both economy and armed forces. World War II lasted six years, dramatically crippling the European economy. A war responsible for over 40 million deaths was inevitably going to cause large scale damage to society as a whole. For example, cities were reduced to ruins, food had to be rationed due to halved agricultural production, and communications were severely disrupted due to the destruction of railways, bridges and harbours. In his speech in Zurich, September 1946, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill encouraged the idea of European countries banding together, he likened it to 'a kind of United States of Europe'. However, this view has not always brought enthusiasm, with some fearing the idea of a 'super state', loss of sovereignty, spending money/sharing resources where they will not see a return or perhaps due to a lack of faith in the importance of being part of the European Union (EU), hence some countries have still not joined (for example Switzerland, Iceland and Ukraine) The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) came into force in 1952, first proposed by Robert Schuman. The idea behind the organisation was to aid in the rebuilding of the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 23. The Union And The European Union The European Union is an entity that is seen nowhere else in the world. It is not a government, it is not an international organization, and it is not just an association of states. The European Union members, instead, have decided to turnover part of their sovereignty to the Union so that many decisions can be made at the institutions leadership level. This partnership includes 28 diverse democracies built together on the basis of complex treaties. Although the goals of this organization were to assist with expanding economic prosperity, peace and stability throughout its member states, the European Union has been faced with ever–pressing concerns in the recent past that are very serious and may in fact become fatal to the continued coalescing between members. These problems can be categorized into three categories; economic, social, and political. Economically, the last 6 or so years have been nothing short of dismal for the European Union and its members. Due to the diversity among its members own national economic policies, the European Union's economic configuration and its single currency were shown to be somewhat incoherent. The European Union's gross domestic product only grew a measly one percent in 2013, compared to the United States' 2.2 percent growth. In December 2014, unemployment among member nations of the European Union hovered around 11.4 percent, while the United States unemployment rate held at around 5.6 percent. Even though in the U.S. we are ever Get more content on HelpWriting.net