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C Language -Ch01 مدخل إلي لغة سي.pdf

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‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ : ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬ C ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ DELE 1310 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫ا�حﺘﻮ�ﺎت‬ • ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫�ﺸﺄة‬ C • ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫أهﻤﻴﺔ‬ C • ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫�ﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬ C ‫؟‬ • ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬‫�ﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫أﻳﻦ‬ C ‫؟‬ • ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫�ﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬ C ‫اﳌﺴﺘﻌﺮض‬�� ) online ( • ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ��ﺟﻤﺎت‬ C ‫اﻻﻧ��ﻧﺖ‬��‫ﻋ‬ • ‫ا�خﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫�ﺸﺄة‬ C • ‫ﻣﺮت‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎت‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ 1956 ‫�ﻌﺪة‬ ‫اﺣﻞ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮ�ﺮ‬ ً ‫ﺑﺪءا‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ Assembly language) ( ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ان‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻓﻮرﺗ‬ ) Fortran ( ، ‫ل‬‫و�ﻮ�ﻮ‬ ) COBOL ( ‫و���ك‬ ) Basic ( ‫و�ﺎﺳ�ﺎل‬ ) Pascal ( . • ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮ�ﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ C ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 1973 �� ‫ات‬��‫ﻣﺨﺘ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ Bell . • ‫�ﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ C ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺎت‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ى‬‫اﳌﺴﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫أ��ﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ�ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺘﺎد‬ ‫ا�حﺎﺳﻮ�ﻲ‬ ) Hardware ( ‫وﺷبﻴﮫ‬ �� ‫ﻋﻤﻠهﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺔ‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻨﻔهﺎ‬ ‫�ﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ى‬‫اﳌﺴﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻷ��ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺎ�ﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫اﻹ�ﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ . • ‫ﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﻛ�ن‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻣﺴﻦ‬ ‫ودﻧيﺲ‬ ‫�ت��ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻄﻮ�ﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ C ‫ﻟ��ﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫اﻟتﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻜﺲ‬ Unix .
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬‫أهﻤﻴﺔ‬ C • ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ C ‫ﺑ�ن‬ ‫ات‬��‫ﻣ‬ ‫�ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ى‬‫اﳌﺴﺘﻮ‬ ‫وﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ى‬‫اﳌﺴﺘﻮ‬ . ‫ﻳﻤﻜ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣهﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ��ﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ،‫ى‬‫اﳌﺴﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ،‫اﻟتﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻋﻢ‬ ‫وﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎت‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ى‬‫اﳌﺴﺘﻮ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬ . • C �� ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫�ﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻘﺪ‬ ��‫إ‬ ‫اﻣﺞ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫أ�ﺴﻂ‬ ‫�ﺴ�ى‬ ‫اﻟﺪوال‬ ) Functions ( ، ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ � ‫ﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫هﺬﻩ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوال‬ . • ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ C ‫ﻗﺮ�ﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺘﺎد‬ ‫ا�حﺎﺳﻮ�ﻲ‬ ) Hardware ( ��‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ا�خﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫اﻟ�ي‬ ‫ﺗتﻴﺢ‬ ً ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أﻣﻮ‬ ��‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮة‬ �� ‫ﻟﻐﺎت‬ ‫ى‬‫أﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إدا‬ ‫اﻟﺬواﻛﺮ‬ . ‫وهﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ C ‫ا‬ً‫ر‬‫ﺧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻟ��ﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻣﺞ‬‫ﺮ‬�‫و‬ ‫�ﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﻐﻤﻮﺳﺔ‬ ) Embedded Systems ( .
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻤ��ات‬ C • ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ : ‫ﺗﺼ�ح‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻣﺞ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬ ‫واﻷﻟﻌﺎب‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻄ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻟ�ي‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫وﻧﻈﻢ‬ ‫اﻟتﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ • ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴبﻴﺔ‬ Structured Language : ‫اﻟ��ﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺘﻮب‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺔ‬ C ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫داﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺋيﺴﻴﺔ‬‫ر‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎدى‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوال‬ ‫ى‬‫اﻷﺧﺮ‬ . ‫و�ﻞ‬ ‫داﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷواﻣﺮ‬ . • ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫ى‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮ‬ ) ‫اﻟﺒﺖ‬ ( Bit manipulation : ‫�ﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺗﻘ‬ ‫وﺗﻜﺘﺐ‬ ��‫و�ﻐ‬ ‫وﺗﻘﻮم‬ ‫�ﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫ى‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ Bit ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫أن‬ Bit �� ‫أﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ��‫و‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اء‬‫ﺰ‬‫أﺟ‬ ‫�ﻌﺎدل‬ �� ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋهﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ byte . • ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻨﻘﻠﺔ‬ Portable : ‫أى‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ��ﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺘﻮب‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺔ‬ C ‫أن‬ ‫�ﻌﻤﻞ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ��‫أﻛ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟهﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ IBM ‫و‬ Apple . • ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺮيﻌﺔ‬ : ‫ﻷن‬ ‫أدوات‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻵﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ . • ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ C ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫�حﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫�ﻌ�ي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻷﺣﺮف‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐ��ة‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺒ��ة‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌهﺎ‬ ‫�ﺸ�ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘ‬ ‫ﻠﻒ‬ .
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻤ��ات‬ C • ‫ي‬‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ C ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوال‬ ‫اﳌﻀﻤﻨﺔ‬ ) Built in Functions ( ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺼ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺬاﻛﺮة‬ . • ‫ﻳﻨﻔﺬ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺔ‬ C ‫ا�خﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت‬ ‫وهﻴﺎ�ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫�ﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫�ﺴهﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ‫ا�حﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫�ﺸ�ﻞ‬ ‫أﺳﺮع‬ . ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫أﺗﺎح‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ C �� ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻟ�ي‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﺎت‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ��‫أﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ا�حﺴﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ MATLAB ‫و‬ Mathematica .
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬‫�ﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬ C ‫؟‬ • ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫�ﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ C �� ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠهﺎ‬ ‫أﺷﻴﺎء‬ :  ‫ﻧﺼﻮص‬ ‫ر‬‫ﻣﺤﺮ‬ ) Text Editor (  ‫ﻣ��ﺟﻢ‬ ) Compiler (  ‫ﻣﺮ�ﻂ‬ ) Linker ( ‫��ﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫اﺣﻞ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫ﻣﻠ‬‫اﺻﺪار‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬‫اﻟ��ﺎﻳﺔ‬ ��‫و‬، ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬي‬ ‫ﻒ‬ .
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬‫�ﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬ C ‫؟‬ • ‫ﻳﻘﻮم‬ ‫اﳌ��ﺟﻢ‬ ‫�ﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ�ح‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻴﻔﺮة‬ ‫�ﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﳌﺼﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻮهﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﻄﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺪﻻﻟﻴﺔ‬ ، ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ‬ ‫�ﺎﺋ�ي‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ .obj ‫أو‬ ‫ﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت‬ ،‫�ﺎﺋنﻴﺔ‬ • ‫و�ﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‬ ��‫ﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﳌﺮ�ﻂ‬ ) Linker ( ‫ﺑﺮ�ﻂ‬ ‫هﺬﻩ‬ ‫اﳌﻠﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫�ﻌﻀهﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫وﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﺔ‬‫ز‬‫اﻟﻼ‬ ‫ﻟتﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫و��ﺸﺎء‬ ‫اﳌﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬي‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ exe ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫�ﺸﻐﻴﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺎ�ج‬ . • ‫�ﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫إ�ﺸﺎء‬ ‫اﻣﺞ‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ C ‫ار‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺗﻜ‬ ‫دورة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫هﺬﻩ‬ �� ‫�ﻞ‬ ،‫ﻣﺮة‬ ‫وأي‬ ‫�ﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺳيﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫إ�ﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬي‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ . • �� ‫اﳌ��ﺟﻤﺎت‬ ‫ا�حﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫أﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﺬﻩ‬ ‫اﻷدوات‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻠهﺎ‬ ‫أﺳهﻞ‬ �� ،‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ر‬‫ﺑﺰ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﺑ��ﺟﻤ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ور�ﻂ‬ ‫وﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ �� ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﻓ�ﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ا�خﻄﻮات‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺷ�ﻞ‬ ‫أواﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ Console .
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫�ﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫أﻳﻦ‬ C ‫؟‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ C ‫ﻟﻠﻤ��ﻣﺠ�ن‬ ‫واﳌﻄﻮر�ﻦ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ �� ‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫و�ﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺘﺎد‬ ) Hardware ( ، ‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓ�ي‬ ‫�ﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ٍ ‫ﻧﻄﺎق‬ ‫واﺳﻊ‬ �� :  ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺤﻜﻤﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻐ��ة‬ ) Microcontrollers ( ‫واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﻀﻤﻨﺔ‬ ) Embedded Systems ( ،  ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫أ��ﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ي‬‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮ‬ �� ‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟتﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ،‫وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎ��ﺎ‬ ‫وﻛﻤﺜﺎل‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ : ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻣﺞ‬‫ﺮ‬�‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫أدو�ﻲ‬ Adobe ‫اﻟﺸه��ة‬ ‫اﻟ�ي‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮ�ﺮ‬ ��‫اﻟﻜﺜ‬ ‫ﻣ��ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫��ي‬ ً ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ، ً ‫�ﻠﻴﺎ‬  ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺼﻔﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻮم‬‫و‬‫ﻛﺮ‬ Chromium ‫اﻟن�خﺔ‬ ‫ا�جﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﳌﺘﺼﻔﺢ‬ ‫م‬‫و‬‫ﻛﺮ‬ ( ‫ﻣﺒنﻴ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻐﺔ‬ ،‫��ي‬  ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إدا‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ��‫اﻟﺸه‬ MySQL ‫ر‬ّ ‫ﻣﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫��ي‬ .
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫�ﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫أﻳﻦ‬ C ‫؟‬ • ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻧن�ىى‬ ‫اﳌﺜﺎل‬ ‫اﻷﺷهﺮ‬ ‫وهﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫�ﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ‬ ‫اﳌﻜﺘﻮب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ�ﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ C ، • ً ‫ﻓﻀﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫�ﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ز‬‫و�ﻨﺪو‬ ‫وﻣﺎك‬ ‫أو‬ ‫إس‬ ‫�ﺪ‬‫و‬‫وأﻧﺪر‬ ‫اﻟ�ي‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻐﺔ‬ ‫��ي‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﻮا��ﺎ‬ . • ً ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ‬ C ‫أهﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺒ��ة‬ ‫اﻳﺪة‬��‫وﻣ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت‬ ‫وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬ ‫إﻧ��ﻧﺖ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺎء‬ ) IoT ( ، ‫أي‬ ‫اﻷﺟهﺰة‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﺳ��ﻼك‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫واﻟ�ي‬ ‫ﺗتﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷواﻣﺮ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻹﻧ��ﻧﺖ‬ . ‫�ﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫هﺬﻩ‬ ‫اﻷﺟهﺰة‬ �� ‫داﺧﻠهﺎ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﻜﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺻﻐﺮ�ﺔ‬ �‫اﻟ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠ��ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ C .
‫�ﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣ��ﺟﻢ‬ C ‫اﳌﺴﺘﻌﺮض‬ �� ) online ( ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫اﻣﺞ‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮة‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻻﻧ��ﻧﺖ‬ ، ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ر‬‫ﻣﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻮص‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ��‫اﻹﻧ‬ ‫ﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻟتﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫�ﻮد‬ C ‫أﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬ . ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ��‫ﻳ‬ ‫�ﻌﺾ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺒﺎب‬ ‫اﻟ�ي‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫�ﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻣ��ﺟﻢ‬ C ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻹﻧ��ﻧﺖ‬ :  ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰم‬ ‫ﺗن�ﻳﻞ‬ ‫وﺗﺜبﻴﺖ‬ ‫اﳌ��ﺟﻢ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫ا�حﺎﺳﻮب‬ .  ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ل‬‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮ‬ ��‫إ‬ ‫اﳌ��ﺟﻢ‬ ‫�ﺴهﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼﺔ‬ ، �� ‫أي‬ ‫ﻣ�ﺎن‬ .  ��‫ﻣﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻛتﺸﺎف‬ ‫اﻷﺧﻄﺎء‬ ‫وﻣﻘ��ﺣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗ�حﻴﺤهﺎ‬ .  ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫��خﺔ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻻﻧ��ﻧﺖ‬ ‫وﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺮ�ﻦ‬ ‫اﻟ�حﺎ�ﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ . ‫ن‬‫واﻟﺘﻌﺎو‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﺑﻂ‬‫ر‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻼء‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﳌهﺘﻤ�ن‬ ‫وﺣ�ى‬ ‫ا�ح��ﻓ�ن‬ .  ��‫اﺧ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫واﺑﺪأ‬ �� ‫ﻣﻐﺎﻣﺮة‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ا�خﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻚ‬ .
‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ��ﺟﻤﺎت‬ C ‫اﻻﻧ��ﻧﺖ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ • ‫هﻨﺎك‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌ��ﺟﻤﺎت‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮة‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻹﻧ��ﻧﺖ‬ ‫واﻟ�ي‬ ‫ﺗتﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫�ﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫�ﻮد‬ C ، ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ : .1 Replit .2 OnlineGDB C Compiler .3 Code on Mobile .4 myCompiler .5 OneCompiler • ‫هﻨﺎك‬ ‫ﻣ��ﺟﻤﺎت‬ ‫ى‬‫أﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮة‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ،‫اﻻﻧ��ﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻋ��ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ‬ : OnlineCCompiler • ‫ﺳﻨﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ �� ‫هﺬا‬ ‫اﳌﺴﺎق‬ ‫اﳌ��ﺟﻢ‬ Replit.com ، ‫ﻗﻢ‬ ‫ل‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﻮ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﮫ‬ ‫وأ�ﺸﺄ‬ ،‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻚ‬ ‫وأﺑﺪأ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫أ�ﻮادك‬ ‫ا�خﺎﺻﺔ‬ .
‫ا�خﻼﺻﺔ‬ • ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ C �� ‫إﺣﺪى‬ ‫أواﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺎت‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ى‬‫اﳌﺴﺘﻮ‬ ��‫ﻌﺘ‬ ُ �‫و‬ ‫حجﺮ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﻟ�ﻞ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻐﺎت‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ا�حﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ي‬ ‫ﻇهﺮت‬ ً ‫ﻻﺣﻘﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ C++ ، ،‫ﺟﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫ن‬‫ﺑﺎﻳﺜﻮ‬ . • ��‫ﺗﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ C ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ �� ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﻔﺮة‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻣﺠﻴﺔ‬ ، ‫وﺗتﻴﺢ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ �� ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إدا‬ ‫اﻟﺬواﻛﺮ‬ ‫و�ﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺘﺎد‬ ‫ا�حﺎﺳﻮ�ﻲ‬ . • ‫�ﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫��ي‬ �� ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟتﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎ��ﺎ‬ ��‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﳌ��ﺟﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎت‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ى‬‫اﻷﺧﺮ‬ ��‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﻐﻤﻮﺳﺔ‬ ) Embedded Systems ( ‫وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬ ‫إﻧ��ﻧﺖ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﻴﺎء‬ ) IOT Applications ( .

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