In this tutorial on Stop and Wait Protocol Explained, we will understand the importance of applying the protocol in the networking channels. We will also look into steps involved in the working of the protocol. Topics covered in this tutorial on Stop and Wait Protocol Explained are: 1. Introduction to the protocol 2. Steps involved in the protocol 3. Working of the protocol 4. Drawbacks of stop and wait protocol

2. What’s In It For You?
 Introduction to the protocol
 Steps involved in the protocol
 Working of the protocol
 Drawbacks of stop and wait protocol

3. Introduction to the protocol

4. Introduction to the protocol
Stop and wait protocol is active in the data link layer of the OSI model and is responsible for
transmission of frames in the noiseless channels.
B
D
A
C
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
Data
Data
Segment
Packet
Frame
Bit
Data
Layer
Data Format

5. Introduction to the protocol
Stop and wait protocol is active in the data link layer of the OSI model and is responsible for
transmission of frames in the noiseless channels.
B
D
A
C
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
Data
Data
Segment
Packet
Frame
Bit
Data
Layer
Data Format
Noiseless channel represents an ideal network channel
where no frames are lost, duplicated, or hacked.

6. Introduction to the protocol
The protocol provides unidirectional data transmission in the network channel with flow control and
without error control services.
Sender
Network
Services
Receiver
Unidirectional Data Flow in the network

7. Introduction to the protocol
Protocol is based on acknowledgement based transmission, the sender will not transmit the next
frame, until the receiver end shares the acknowledgement.
Sender Receiver
Sender Receiver
Acknowledgement
Sender Receiver

8. Steps in Stop and Wait Protocol

9. Steps in Stop and Wait Protocol
Steps involved in the transmission of data in the protocol:
 Sender Side
Step 1 : Transmit one data unit at a time.
Step 2 : Transmit next data unit only after it receives the acknowledgement from the receiver end.
 Receiver Side
Step 1 : Receive the data sent and use it.
Step 2 : Send the acknowledgment signal to the sender side after using the received data.

10. Working of Stop and Wait Protocol

11. Working of Stop and Wait Protocol
Sender
Receiver
1. At first step the sender shares the data with the
receiver end.
2. Then the sender waits until it receives the
acknowledgment to send the next packet.
3. The receiver sends the acknowledgment for the
received packet.
4. Then only the next packet is sent.
5. This process is continued for n no. of packets.

12. Drawbacks of Stop and Wait Protocol

13. Drawbacks of Stop and Wait Protocol
Sender Receiver
1. Issues due to loss of data during transmission.
1. Problem during data transmission receiver doesn’t receive data.
2. Problem arises when sender doesn’t receive acknowledgement.

14. Drawbacks of Stop and Wait Protocol
Sender Receiver
2. Problem during sharing acknowledgement to the sender side.
1. The acknowledgment is not received and the transmission of data is cut-off from
the sender side.

15. Drawbacks of Stop and Wait Protocol
Sender Receiver
3. Problem arises due to delay in reaching of data or acknowledgment to the respective end.
1. Data or acknowledgment is received after the time-out session in the network.

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