Presentation on typhoid by Dr Asad Abbasi.pptx

1. Dr ASAD

2.  A five years old boy presented in emergency with
complain of high grade fever for 6 days, Abdominal
pain and vomiting for 3 days, dry cough for 3 days
diarrhea and loss of appetite for 2 days.

3.  Enteric fever
 Gastroenteritis
 pneumonia

4.  Enteric fever remains endemic in many developing
countries and effect developed world due to travelers.
 Caused by Salmonella enterica serovar typhi(S. Typhi),
 A gram negative bacteria.
 Also caused by paratyphi A,B &C but of less severity.
 The ratio of disease caused by S.typhi & S.paratyphi is
10:1.
 26.9million cases per year of which around 1% result in
death.
 Host and transmission

7. The mainstay of the diagnosis of enetric fever is a positive
result of culture from blood(40-60%) in 1st week and from
2nd week urine and stool culture.
Bone marrow culture may increase the likelihood of
bacteriologic confirmation.
In younger children leukocytosis is common and may reach
20,000 to 25,000 cell/microliter.
Thrombocytopenia is marker of severity and may accompany
DIC.
Classic widal test lacks sensitivity and specificity and prone
to error.
A nested polymerase chain reaction analysis using H1-d
primers has been used to amplify specific genes in pt’s
blood.

12. Thank you