Introduction to amphetamine, forms of methamphetamine, uses, moa, toxicokinetics, clinical features, diagnosis, usual fatal dose, treatment

1. PRESENTATION
ON
AMPHETAMINE
TOXICITY
PRESENTED BY:
SIDDIQUA PARVEEN
PHARM D
SULTAN UL ULOOM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
HYDERABAD

2. AMPHETAMINES

3. “batu”.

6. USES
not available in India.

7. MOA

8. TOXICOKINETICS
cross the blood brain barrier easily.

10. CLINICAL FEATURES(ACUTE POISONING):
ORGAN SYSTEM SIDE EFFECTS
1.CNS Euphoria, agitation, headache,
paranoia, anorexia, hyperthermia,
convulsions, hyperreflexia,
intracerebral haemorrhage and coma
2.CVS Tachycardia, hypertension(pulmonary
hypertension), arrythmias,
vasospasm, myocardial ischemia and
cardiomyopathy
3.SYMPATHETIC EFFECTS Mydriasis, sweating, tremor,
tachypnoea and nausea
4.OTHER EFFECTS Muscle rigidity, pulmonary oedema,
ischemic colitis, rhabdomyolysis and
metabolic acidosis
5.COMPLICATIONS Psychosis, cerebral and myocardial
infarction, aortic dissection,
ventricular fibrillation and acute
renal failure

12. CHRONIC POISONING:

13. a. Intermittent low-dose misuse:
b. Sustained oral misuse:
large daily doses of 40 to 100 mg or more
c. High-dose IV abuse:
enhance the “rush” or “flash”.

14. d. Inhalant abuse:
e. Withdrawal syndrome:
Withdrawal after prolonged amphetamine abuse may
precipitate severe depression and suicide attempts.

15. DIAGNOSIS
Urine is the specimen of choice
Hair analysis

16. USUAL FATAL DOSE
1.5 mg/kg
addicts can
tolerate up to 5 grams (single IV dose), or 15
gm/day (smokable methamphetamine).

17. TREATMENT
a. Stabilization:

18. b. Supportive Measures:
Activated charcoal is beneficial.
c. Specific Measures:
– Anxiety, agitation, and hyperactivity
– Extreme agitation and hallucinations
-Convulsions

19. -Hyperthermia
– Tachycardia
– For ventricular arrhythmias

20. – For rhabdomyolysis
amphetamine-induced chorea