Contains detail about KCD TV TECHNOLOGY,LED TV,PLASMA TV,CCTV,IR REMOTE CONTROL WORKING,DTH RECEIVER,LNBC

1. CHAPTER 6
ADVANCED TV SYSTEM
By-Shweta U.Revankar
Assistant Professor
Dept. of E&TCE
SITCOE,Yadrav,Ichalkaranji

2. LCD TV TECHNOLOGY
• A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat panel used for
electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving
pictures.
• It is an electronically-modulated optical device made up of any
number of pixels filled with liquid crystals and arrayed in front of a
light source(backlight) or reflector to produce images in color or
monochrome.
• Its uses include computer monitors ,televisions , instrument panels,
and devices ranging from aircraft cockpit displays, to every-day
consumer devices such as clocks , calculators, and telephones.

3. • LCDs are a type of light modulating display device. LCD
technology does not directly emit light in order to create
visualizations, it rather modifies the transmission of light
to represent images.
• – On the other hand Plasma displays, CRT and OLED
devices are all light emitting display devices.
• LCDs are rapidly becoming the most popular display
device available. – 2006 - Nearly 33% of all TVs sold in
North America were LCDs – 2007 - Expected to surpass
50%
LCD TV TECHNOLOGY

4. HISTORY OF LCD
• Discovery of liquid crystals –
• 1888 • Friedrich Reinitzer discovers liquid crystals –
• 1904 • Otto Lehmann publishes work on liquid crystals •
Innovation –
• 1963 • Richard Williams and George Heilmeier suggest
using liquid crystals for making a display device –
• 1968 • First operational LCD created by RCA using
Dynamic Scattering Method (DSM) –
• 1971 • First LCD using Twisted Nematics (TN) produced

5. • Applications –
• 1970’s • First commercial LCDs came into existence. The
technology was first used in the quartz watch and in early
calculator displays. –
• 1990’s • Early use of colour LCDs for digital cameras and
computer monitors –
• 2000’s • Technological improvements led to larger LCDs
suitable for home theatre use. •
• Full HD 1080p displays produced • Currently the largest
LCD panel is 108

6. WORKING OF LCD

7. TYPES OF LCD
• Passive vs Active Matrix –
• Passive –
• Each pixel must retain it’s state without a steady electric
charge
• Scanned one pixel at a time
• Poor contrast, and very slow response times
• Active -
• Electric charged is stored between refreshes
• Scanned one row at a time

9. PASSIVE MATRIX
• Uses a grid of vertical and
horizontal conductors comprised
of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) to
create an image
• There is no switching device.
• Pixels are addressed one at a
time by row and column matrix
• Only used in low-resolution
displays (such as watch,
calculator)
• Slow response time, poor
contrast

10. ACTIVE MATRIX
• It is based on Thin Film Transistor (TFT) Technology •
Switching element at each pixel.
• Individual pixels isolated from each other. Thin Film
Transistors most commonly used.
• Each row line is activated sequentially
• Used in computer displays
• A switching device and a storage capacitor are integrated
at the each cross point of the electrodes

12. Problems in passive matrix
solved in active matrix
• Crosstalk occurs when neighboring pixel voltages affect
each other, reducing the gray scale, contrast, and viewing
angle.
• In active matrix Pixel isolation eliminates crosstalk

13. ADVANTAGES OF LCD
• Produces very bright images due to high peak intensity.
Very suitable for environments that are brightly lit .
• Completely flat screen.
• Produce considerably lower electric, magnetic and
electromagnetic fields than CRTs.

14. DISADVANTAGES
• The aspect ratio and resolution are fixed.
• Lower contrast than CRTs due to a poor black-level.
• Considerably more expensive purchase price than
comparable CRTs .

15. PLASMA TV TECHNOLOGY
ILLUSTRATION OF HOW LIGHT PHOTONS ARE RELEASED

16. Construction detail of Plasma TV screen

17. LED TV TECHNOLOGY
• The LED TV is a more advanced version of the LCD TV.
While both types of TV on LCD technology and have flat-
panel designs.
• "LED TVs are slimmer, brighter, and more detailed than
your traditional LCD TV."
• LED TVs function by illuminating LCD panels with LED
backlighting. However, not all LED TVs utilize the same
type of LED backlighting

18. • A LCD screen is composed of 2 parts, the actual liquid
crystal display and a light source at the back of the screen
(called backlight).
• A light diffuser is placed between the backlight and the
LCD screen to uniform the source of light equally across
the screen.
• LCD stands for “liquid crystal display” and technically,
both LED and LCD TVs are liquid crystal displays.

19. • The basic technology is the same in that both television
types have two layers of polarized glass through which
the liquid crystals both block and pass light.
• So really, LED TVs are a subset of LCD TVs

20. • There are 2 main types of backlights used in LCD
screens.
• 1. CCFL
• 2. LED

21. CCFL(CATHODE FLUORESCENT LIGHT)
• LCDs with CCFL backlight are on their way out of the market.
• Manufacturers are now only producing them for their lower end and
smaller models.
• They are getting replaced by LED TVs.
• They have the same screen but have LED lights instead of a CCFL
tube for the backlight

22. LED
• LED, which stands for “light emitting diodes,” differs from
general LCD TVs in that LCDs use fluorescent lights while
LEDs use those light emitting diodes.
• Also, the placement of the lights on an LED TV can
different.
• The fluorescent lights in an LCD TV are always behind
the screen.
• But, On an LED TV, the light emitting diodes can be
placed either behind the screen or around its edges.

23. • The difference in lights and in lighting placement has
generally meant that LED TVs can be thinner than LCDs,
although this is starting to change.
• It has also meant that LED TVs run with greater energy
efficiency and can provide a clearer, better picture than
the general LCD TVs.
• Because of difference in lights and lightning placement
there are two types
• EDGE LIT
• FULL ARRAY LIT

24. EDGE LIT
• This is the most common method for LED TVs
• In an edge lit LED screen, the LEDs are placed at
the peripheral of the screen.
• Depending on the television, it can be all around
the screen or only on the sides or the bottom.
• This allows the screen to be very thin. However, it
can cause some spots on the screen to be
brighter than others, like the edges.

25. FULLARRAY LIT
• This method is considered the best LED
backlight type, but can only be found on a
very limited number of models.
• In a full array LED screen, the LEDs are
distributed evenly behind the entire screen.
• This produces a more uniform backlight and
it provides a more effective use of local
dimming, where it can change the luminosity
of only a specific part of the screen.

26. CONSTRUCTIOION DIAGRAM OF LED
DISPLAY

27. ADVANTAGES
• POWER SAVING
• BETTER CONTRAST
• SMALLER SIZE
• MORE ACCURATE COLOR

28. DISADVANTAGES
• Water - Water can easily damage
• LEDs Cost - cost of its is very high.

29. DTH SYSTEM

30. BLOCK DIAGRAM

31. LOW NOISE BLOCK CONVERTER

32. • What’s the Difference Between an LNB and a LNBF?
• First of all, let’s explain the terminology:
• Multicom stocks Single, Twin, Quad and Octo LNBFs
• LNB = Low Noise Block down-converter
LNBF = Low Noise Block down-converter plus Feedhorn
• A Feedhorn is basically a metal funnel that guides the
incoming signal to the actual antenna stub inside the
throat of the LNB.
• LNB’s and LNBF’s are both amplifiers used in satellite
dishes. As with other signal amplifiers, they take the very
faint signal they receive and magnify it so that it is
powerful enough to use. This is the first step in taking the
microwave signal coming from space and turning it into
images and sounds for televisions and computers.

33. IR REMOTE CONTROL SWITCH
• The first remote controllers were developed in the early 1990s,
and the first remotes were connected with wires to devices.
• Nowadays remotes use infrared control and thus are capable
of controlling several things at a time.
• The remotes are not only used for entertainment, but also for
industries, military requirements, and recreation.
• Infrared remote controls were developed in the late 1970s.
• These remote controls use infrared light and photo receptors
and different light frequencies for different functions.
• These remotes also use invisible light beams to send signals
to electronic devices.

34. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF IR REMOTE
CONTROL SWITCH

35. WORKING
• The block diagram of an IR remote switch consists of two
sections: a transmitter section and the other receiver
section.
• The transmitter section work as a normal remote and the
receiver section remains in a stable position, which
means, it is connected to any load.
• The main function of this remote control switch is to
control any load like TV, Fan, Radio, light, etc.

36. • In this circuit, there is only one switch to operate the
transmitter.
• By using this switch, one can switch on or off the TV,
radio, and home appliances.
• By adding an extra circuitry to the actual remote, the
control circuit can even be used to control the volume of
radio, TV and many more appliances

37. • In the transmitter section, there is a NE555 timer and
infrared LEDs.
• TheNE555 timer is configured in a stable mode, and in
infrared LEDs, the IR rays are directed by the source of
power, which is from 9V battery and concave lens.
• In the transmitter section, a switch plays a key role; when
the switch is closed, the power from the battery turns on,
and the 555 timer acts as a stable multi-vibrator and the
output of the 555 timer gets connected to the input of the
IR LEDs.
• Then, the infrared LEDs get high and produce the IR
beam through concave lens

38. • The IR beam in the transmitter section produced by the
infrared LEDs is directed to the receiver section.
• The photo LEDs receive the IR beam and charge the
capacitor which increase the input voltage of one pin of
the op-amp, and then generates high output.
• The output of the op-amp is given out to the 4018 counter
as an input, and then the counter will drive the load
through a relay to switch on or off.

39. CCTV
• Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is the use of video
cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place on a
limited set of monitors.

40. CCTV CAMERA SELECTION
There are many type if CCTV cameras are available for this
purpose.
• Indoor Camera
• Outdoor camera
• IR day/Night Camera
• Dome Camera
• Bullet Camera
• Vandal Proof Camera
• Hidden Camera
• Pen Tilt Zoom Camera

41. ELEMENTS OF CCTV SYSTEM
• Camera
• Lens
• Monitor unit
• DVR / NVR
• Cable (Coaxial / Ethernet)
• Storage devices
• DC power supply (12V)

42. TYPES OF CCTV SYSTEMS
• Analog CCTV system
• Analog security cameras capture an analog video signal
and transfer that signal over coax cable to the Digital
Video Recorder (DVR).
• Each camera may be powered by plugging in the power
supply right at the camera or by using RG59 Siamese
cable which bundles the video and the power cables. •
• Requires an DVR to capture image
• Digital / IP CCTV system
• IP stands for Internet Protocol, and basically refers to a
digital video camera that can send and receive data via a
computer network.
• Requires a NVR to capture image.

43. TYPES OF CCTV LENS
• There are 2 types of lenses:
• Fixed Fixed lens are those lenses Where lens size
doesn’t change, all we can do is focus, we cant zoom in
or zoom out
• Common sizes are • 12mm, 08mm, 06mm, 04mm,
3.6mm, 2.8mm, •
• Varifocal In Varifocal lens size can be changed during the
installation process & Zoom in and Zoom out is possible.
Common Sizes available are • 2.5mm~8mm,
3.0mm~12mm, 5.0mm~50mm

44. MONITOR UNIT
• The function of monitors is to display video images for
viewing.
• The selection of monitors is as important to the quality of
the image as the selection of cameras, lenses, and other
components in the imaging chain.
• liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and LED displays, various
sizes, and other features.
• Considerations for monitor selection.
Pixels
Size

45. DVR/NVR
• Video Recorder is at the heart of the CCTV installation.
They receive, manage, store and record the video
captured by the cameras.
• Video Recorders are two types
• DVR - Digital Video Recorder
• NVR – Network Video Recorder
Not each DVR/NVR is the same. It comes in 4, 8 or 16
channel configurations. Each camera is connected to a
channel. So it is important to buy the DVR /NVR with the
right number of channels to support all your cameras. DVR
/ NVRs also vary in terms of recording speeds,
compression, storage, and warranty.

46. CABLE
• COAXIAL
• HDMI
• VGA

47. APPLICATIONS
• HOSPITAL
• MILITARY
• VENDING MACHINES
• CAR PARKING
• BANKS

48. THANK YOU