Class 7 - Geography

1.  Amazon Basin
 Ganga – Brahmaputra Basin
Shashank Raj – VII A

2. Introduction Humans live in almost all parts of the world, from dry
deserts and frozen lands to hot wet forests and large grasslands.
They share the same basic needs of food, shelter,
and clothing, and everyone shares some basic human behavior.
Some people live close to nature and some live far from it.
Some have to hunt and gather food or grow crops while others buy
food.
The most fertile regions in the world are the tropical and the sub-
tropical regions.
This picture shows the people from different parts of the world.
Shashank Raj –VII A

3. What is a Tropical Region?
Shashank Raj – VII A
The tropics are regions of the Earth that lie roughly in the middle of the
globe. The tropics between the latitude lines of the Tropic of Cancer
and the Tropic of Capricorn. The tropics include the Equator and parts
of North America, South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia.

4. Here is the answer!
We have learnt
about Tropical
Regions but what
are subtropical
regions?
Shashank Raj – VII A
The subtropics are geographic and
climate zones located roughly
between the Tropic of Cancer and
Tropic of Capricorn and the 40th
parallel in both hemispheres.
Subtropical climate regions can exist
at high elevations within the tropics,
such as across the Mexican Plateau
and in Vietnam and Taiwan

5. Shashank Raj – VII A

6. Amazon Basin
The tropical region near the equator, between 10°N and
10°S, is known as the equatorial region. This is the region where
the Amazon river flows in South America, starting from
the mountains in the west to the Atlantic Ocean in the east.
The place where the river flows into another water body, such as a sea or
an ocean, is called the river's mouth.
The Amazon is joined by many tributaries, and together they make the
huge area called the Amazon basin which covers parts of
Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Columbia, and Venezuela.
Shashank Raj – VII A

7. Amazon Basin - Climate
The Amazon basin
stretches along the equator so
its climate is hot and wet all
around the year; both days and
nights are equally hot and
humid, making the skin feel
sticky.
It rains almost everyday and
the day temperatures are high
with high humidity while night
temperatures are low but the
humidity remains high.
Shashank Raj – VII A

8. Amazon Basin – Flora and
Fauna (Rainforests)
• Because of the heavy rains, thick forests grow and create a roof that is
so dense that sunlight cannot penetrate and reach the forest floor.
• This makes the forest floor permanently cold and damp and only
shade-tolerant or parasite plants such as orchids and bromeliads grow
here.
• The forest is rich in fauna with birds like toucans, humming birds,
and birds of paradise that make loud noises and have brightly colored
plumage, over-sized beaks for eating.
• Animals like monkeys, sloths, crocodiles, ant-eating tapirs, and
reptiles like anacondas, rock pythons, etc. are also found here.
• It is also home to thousands of species of insects and hundreds of
species of fish like the famous flesh eating Piranha.
Shashank Raj – VII A

9. WILDLIFE FOUND IN AMAZON RAINFOREST
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10. People of the rainforests
• People grow most of their food in small areas after clearing the trees there; men mostly hunt and
fish along the river, and women take care of the crops.
• They mainly grow tapioca, pineapple, and sweet potato, and since hunting and fishing are
uncertain, women grow and use vegetables to feed their families.
• The main type of agriculture practiced here is 'slash and burn', and manioc or cassava (an under-
ground vegetable) is the staple diet.
• People also eat queen ants and egg sacs, and grow cash crops like coffee, maize, and cocoa.
• The rainforest provides a lot of wood to build houses that are of two types: thatched houses shaped
like beehives and apartment like houses (called 'Maloca') with steeply slanting roofs.
• The life of the Amazonian people is changing rapidly.The construction of theTrans-Amazon
highway has eased transportation in the region so people now don't have to depend on the river to
on the river to travel to the heart of the basin.
• Airplanes and helicopters are also used for transportation and the indigenous population that was
pushed away from their lands has moved to other places and continued their way of life.
• Modern development activities such as construction are destroying the
rainforests, and large areas of the rainforests are disappearing every year.As more and more
and more trees are cut down, the top soil in the region gets washed away by the rains, and the
land turns barren (becomes infertile).
Shashank Raj – VII A

11. Ganga – Brahmaputra basin
The tributaries of the ganga and the Brahmaputra together
form the ganga-Brahmaputra basin in the Indian sub-
continent.
It lies in the sub-tropical region, between 10°n and
30°n latitudes, and it is drained by the tributaries of the
ganga, including the gaga, the son, the koi, the Gandaki,
and the tributaries of the Brahmaputra.
Plains of the ganga and the Brahmaputra, foothills of the
Himalayas, and the Sundarbans delta are the main features
of this basin, and many ox- bow lakes are found in this
region.
Shashank Raj – VII A

12. CLIMATE
• The area is dominated by monsoon climate, so it rains from mid-June to mid-September.
• Summers are hot and winters are cool, making the climate tolerable in all seasons.
Shashank Raj – VII A

13. Vegetation in different areas of the basin depends on the types of landform. The
ganga and Brahmaputra plains, for example, are covered with tropical deciduous
trees and also with trees such as teak, sale, and papal.
Thick bamboo groves are grown in the Brahmaputra plain and the delta is covered
with mangrove forests.
In parts like Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachala Pradesh, coniferous
trees like pine, deodar, and fir are found because of the cool climate and steep
slopes.
Elephants, monkeys, tigers, deer, crocodiles, alligators, etc. Are animals
commonly found all across the basin, while the one-horned rhinoceros is found
in the Brahmaputra plain and the royal Bengal tiger in the Sundarbans delta.
A lot of aquatic life is found in the fresh river waters, lakes, and in the bay of
Bengal, and the most popular varieties of fish are rohu, cattle, and hilsa.
Shashank Raj – VII A

14. • The topography of the basin is varied and the distribution of population in different areas depends
highly on the types of environment in those areas.
• The plain is the most suitable area for habitation and its population density is very
high, because the land is flat and the soil is fertile, and agriculture is the main occupation of the
Shashank Raj – VII A

15. CITIES IN THE GANGA – BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
• The ganga-Brahmaputra plain has many big cities and towns on the banks of river ganga such
as Allahabad, Kanpur, Varanasi, Lucknow, Patna, and Kolkata, all of which have a population of
more than ten lakhs (one million).
• The wastewater from the city's industries is discharged into the rivers, and this pollutes them.
• The transport system in the basin is well-developed, with railways and roadways connecting
important towns and villages and waterways connecting towns that are on the banks of rivers.
• Kolkata is an important international port on the river Hooghly, and there are also many airports in
many airports in the plains.
• Tourism is also a major activity in the plains, and important sites are the Taj mahal on the banks of
Yamuna in Agra, Allahabad on the confluence (meeting) of rivers ganga andYamuna, Buddhist