book about the water shed management

1. WATER ACT
1974

2. Team Members
2
1.Tulasiram T21CSO011
2.Sowmya T21CSO012
3.Bhardwaja T21CSO014
4.Ramesh T21CSO015
5.Pujitha T21CSO016
6.Indra Prakash T21CSO017
7.Ambika T21CSO018
8.Chaitanya T21CSO020
9.Rajasekhar T21CSO021 (leader)

3. Contents
Water Act 1974
1.Introduction to water act,1974.
2.Objectives
3.Namami gange programme
4.Functins and powers of state and central board
5.Key points on water act
Kyoto protocal
1.Objectives
2.First and second commitment period
3.Stabilization of GHG concentrations

4. INTRODUCTION
TO
WATER ACT 1947
BY
INDRA
PRAKASH

5. Amount of water on Earth
oceans
97%
Fresh water
2%
other saline water
1%
water quantity on earth
oceans Fresh water other saline water

6. Present fresh water on earth
Glaciers and ice caps,
69%
Ground water, 30%
surface water, 1%
Fresh water
Glaciers and ice caps Ground water surface water

7. Water polluted
From industries To oceans In oceans

8. Due to water pollution
8

9. Earth surface
With water Without water
9

10. WATER ACT 1974

11. Water Act 1974
It was enacted in 1974 and it was amended in 1988.
11

12. Who are responsible for Water act 1974
CPCB
Central government
State government
12

13. Objectives
of
Water Act 1974
BY
SOWMYA
1

14. WATER ACT (Prevention & control of pollution ) Act 1974
a) Control and prevention of water pollution. Also provides restoration and maintenance for future use.
b) Establishment of central and state boards for the prevention and control of water pollution.
c) It provides powers and functions to the board so constituted relating to matters of water pollution
d) To provide penalties for the contravention of the provisions of the water act.
e) It also provides for the establishment of Central and State level water testing labs so that the b

15. Main features of water Act 1974
 The main feature of the Water Act is the control of pollution through a permit or
“consent administration” procedure. Discharge of effluents into water bodies was
only allowed by obtaining the consent of the State Board, within restrictions it
poses.
 It is important to note that under the Indian Constitution, Water is a state subject.
The Central Government cannot pass any legislation pertaining to state subjects
unless such a legislation is approved by State Governments. This Act was
passed after a majority of states of India (Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana,
Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Tripura and West Bengal and the Union territories) accepted this
legislation.
15

16. Sections under
Water Act 1974
By
E.Ramesh
T21CSO015

17. Sectios under water Act 1974
1
Section 3 :
constitution of
CPCB
Section 4 :
Constitution of
SPCB
Section 16 :
functios of
CPCB
Section 17 :
Funnctions
of
SPCB
Section 18 &19 :
powers
of
SPCB &CPCB
Section 20 :
Power to obtain
informatio

18. 18
Namami
Gange
Mission
By
E.Ramesh
T21CSO015

19. 19

20. 20

21. 21

22. 1.Sewerage Treatment Infrastructure

23. 2.RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENT
23

24. 3.RIVER SURFACE CLEANING
24

25. 4.BIO-DIVERSITY CONSERVATION
25

26. 5.AFFORESTATION
26

27. 6. PUBLIC AWARENESS
27

28. 7.INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT
MONITORING
28

29. 8. GANGA GRAM
29

30. POWERS AND
FUNCTIONS
OF
CONTROL BOARD
BY
RAJASEKHAR

31. Functions of
Central board
Rajasekhar T21CSO021

32. Functions of Central Board
According to Section-16, the following are the functions of the Central Board
To promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the state.
 To advise the Central Govt, on matters concerning the prevention and control of
water pollution.
 To co-ordinate the actions of the State Board and resolve disputes among them.
 To provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Boards to carry out
research in prevention and control of water pollution problems.
 To organize training of persons engaged in pollution control.
 To organise comprehensive programme for pollution control through mass media.
 To lay down standards for streams or wells.
 To prepare manuals, codes or guides for treatment and disposal of sewage and
trade effluents.
 To establish or recognise laboratories for analysis of water samples from any stream,
well or trade effluents.
32

33. Functions of
state board

34. Functions of state board
According to Section-17, the following are the functions of the State Board:Planning a
comprehensive programme for prevention, control and abatement of pollution of streams and
wells.
1. Conducting and encouraging investigations and research relating to different aspects of water
pollution.
2. To collaborate with the Central Board for training personnel for hdling water pollution
programmes and organising related mass education programmes.
3. Inspecting trade effluents and waste water treatment plants.
4. Prescribing effluent standards for the sewage and trade effluents.
5. Laying down the standards of treatment of sewage and trade effluents to be discharged into any
stream.
6. Making, varying or revoking any order for preservation or control of discharge of waste into
streams and wells or construction of systems for disposal of effluents.
7. Establishing or recognising laboratories for analysis of samples.
8. Performing such functions as may be entrusted by Central Board or State governments.

35. Powers of
state board

36. Powers of
state board
According to SECTION-20:
the State Board may make surveys, take measurements or
obtain information for purpose of performing functions under this
Act. Failure to comply with any directions under the Section is a
punishable offence under subsection (1) of Section-41.
Under Section-21(1) A, the State Government has the power
to take samples of water of any stream or well or any effluent
being discharged into such a stream or well, for analysis. Under
Section-22(4), the State Board further has the power to obtain
a report of the result of the analysis by a recognised laboratory.

37. powers of
central board

38. Powers of
central board
The Central Board must be considered a body corporate with
perpetual succession with the power to acquire, hold, and
dispose of it. Section 3(3) of the Water (Prevention & Control
of Pollution) Act, 1974, can also enter into a contract with the
person or party. They can sue or can be sued in the name of
the Central Board.
According to Section 4, the State Boards must be constituted
by the State Government, which is known as the State
Pollution Control Board. Every State Board must be
considered as a body corporate having perpetual succession
with the power to hold, acquire, and dispose of the property. It
can also enter into a contract with any person or party. They
can sue or can be sued in the name of State Boards.
Page Contents

39. Key points of Water Act 1974
By
Tulasiram
T21CSO011
39

40. Some Key points of Water Act 1974
 Water Act 1974 aims to prevent and control water pollution.
 Under Water Act, 1974, pollution control boards were created, who are
responsible for implementation of its provisions.
 One of the important provision of the Water Act, 1974 is to maintain and restore
the ‘wholesomeness’ of our aquatic resources.
 Under Water Act 1974, Sewage or pollutants cannot be discharged into water
bodies including lakes and it is the duty of the state pollution control board to
intervene and stop such activity.
 Anyone failing to abide by the laws of under is liable for imprisonment under
Section 24 & Section 43 ranging from not less than one year and six months to
six years along with monetary fines.

41. ”
“ SAVE WATER
SAVE LIFE
41

42. KYOTO
PROTOCAL

43. Objectives
of
Kyoto Protocol
By
Pujitha
T21CSO016

44. Objectives of Kyoto Protocol

45. Highlights
1. The Kyoto Protocol is a agreement under which industrialized countries will reduce their collective
emissions of greenhouse gases by 5.2% compared to the year 1990
2. Compared to the emissions levels that would be expected by 2010 without the Protocol this target
represents a 29% cut.
3. The goal is to lower overall emissions from six greenhouse gases . carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,
sulfur hexafluoride, HFCs, and PFCs - calculated as an average over the five-year period of 2008-12.
4. National targets range from 8% reductions for the European Union and some others to 7% for the US, 6%
for Japan, 0% for Russia, and permitted increases of 8% for Australia and 10% for Iceland."
5. Sinks can be used to offset emission and emission credits can be traded.
6. IPPC analyses used in assessments of sources and sinks
45

46. First and second
commitment period
By
Ambika
T21CSO018

47. Kyoto 1st commitment period (2008-12
 The 1997 Kyoto Protocol - an agreement under the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - is the world's only legally binding
treaty to reduce greenhouse emissions.
 However, because many major emitters are not part of Kyoto, it only covers
about 18% of global emissions. In the first period of the Protocol (2008-12),
participating countries committed to reduce their emissions by an average of 5%
below 1990 levels.
 The EU and its member countries - 15 at the time the legislation was adopted
(the 'EU-15') - went beyond this and committed to an 8% cut for the bloc as a
whole.
47

48. Targets for the
first commitment
period
The targets for the first
commitment period of the Kyoto
Protocol cover emissions of the
six main greenhouse gases,
namely:
Carbon dioxide (CO2);
Methane (CH4);
Nitrous oxide (N20)
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and
Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
48

49. SECOND COMMITMENT PERIOD OF
KYOTO PROTOCOL
 Formally the protocol lives on. Climate talks in Doha in December created a second
"compliance period" stretching to 2020. (14) In Doha, Qatar, on 8 December 2012, the “Doha
Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol" was adopted. The amendment includes:
 · New commitments for Annex 1 Parties to the Kyoto Protocol who
 agreed to take on commitments in a second commitment period from 1 January 2013 to 31
December 2020;
 A revised list of greenhouse gases (GHG) to be reported on by Parties in the second
commitment period, and
 Amendments to several articles of the Kyoto Protocol which specifically referenced issues
pertaining to the first commitment period and which needed to be updated for the second
commitment
49

50. Stabilization of GHG
concentration
BY
CHAITANYA
50

51. How GHG emission increase temperature
 A greenhouse gas (GHG) is any gas in the atmosphere that absorbs and emits
radiation in the thermal infrared range. These are the fundamental cause of the
greenhouse effect, which results in increased temperatures on Earth.

The greenhouse effect occurs as the gases reach Earth’s surface. As the short wave
energy heats the surface, some of the longer wave energy radiates back into the
atmosphere and back into space. Greenhouse gases absorb some of the energy and
trap it in the lower atmosphere. Less heat radiates into space, and Earth is warmer.

Many greenhouse gases occur naturally. Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and
nitrous oxide are naturally present in Earth's atmosphere. Others, such as
chorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs),
and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), are human made.
51

52. Man made activities
industries vehicles At ozone layer
52

53. GHG emission
53

54. How to stabilize GHG concentration ?
 Use less energy.
 Generate electricity without emissions.
 Travel without greenhouse gas.
 Reduce emissions from industry.
 Take carbon dioxide out of the air.
54

55. THANK YOU

56. 56