9. The three types of blood cells
Red blood cells, which carry oxygen to the tissues of the
body;
White blood cells, which fight infection by contributing to
your immune system by protecting the body against
infectious diseases or foreign substances that enters the
body;
Platelets, which help the blood clot preventing the body
from bleeding.
15. Procedure
Patient Preparation
1. Explain the procedure to the patient. A mild sedative will be given 1 hour
before the test, if ordered.
2. Tell the patient the test usually takes only 5 to 10 minutes and that more
than one bone marrow specimen may be required.
3. Let him know a blood sample will be collected before the biopsy
for laboratory testing.
4. Make sure the patient has signed a consent form.
5. Check the patient for hypersensitivity to the local anesthetic.
6. After confirming with the doctor, tell the patient which bone- sternum,
anterior or posterior iliac crest, vertebral spinous process, ribs, or tibia –
will be used as the biopsy site.
16. Bone marrow biopsy needle –
Note: Needles used in bone marrow biopsy or aspiration.
(A) Klima sternal needle;
(B) Salah bone marrow aspiration needle;
(C) Watherfield iliac crest bone marrow aspiration needle;
(D) Modern Jamshidi needle for bone marrow biopsy and
aspiration.
21. Bone marrow collection technique
Sedate/anesthesize
Local anesthesia (in some cases)
Aseptic prep of area
Skin incision with blade
Biopsy needle is introduced and advanced into the
cortical bone
Need is rotated in alternating clockwise and
counterclockwise motions
22. Site of bone marrow biopsy
and bone marrow aspiration
29. Nursing Interventions
While the marrow slides are being prepared, apply pressure
to the biopsy site until bleeding stops.
Clean the biopsy site and apply a sterile dressing.
Monitor the patient’s vital signs and the biopsy site for signs
and symptoms of infection.