SWELLINGS.pptx
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This document discusses the diagnosis of various types of swellings by examining their plane, cause, and characteristics. It covers congenital swellings such as dermoid cysts and hemangiomas. It describes different types of hemangiomas like capillary, cavernous, and plexiform hemangiomas. It also discusses traumatic, inflammatory, and neoplastic swellings. For neoplastic swellings it outlines benign growths including papillomas, fibromas, lipomas, neurofibromas, lymphangiomas, sebaceous cysts, condylomas, warts, and pyogenic granulomas.
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Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
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3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
SWELLINGS.pptx
- 1. SWELLINGS
- 2. DIAGNOSIS • Plane of swelling • Cause – Congenital Traumatic Inflammatory neoplastic
- 3. Congenital • Dermoid cyst • Hemangioma
- 4. • Dermoid Sequestration dermoid Tubulo dermoid Teratomatous dermoid Implantation dermoid
- 6. Hemangioma • Capillary hemangioma • Cavernous hemangioma • Plexiform/ circoid hemangioma
- 7. Capillary hemangioma Bright red or purple Generally flat, may be raised Compressible 6 varieties
- 8. Port wine stain Diffuse telangectasia with practically no swelling
- 9. Salmon patch Present since birth Forehead/occiput Disappears before first birthday
- 10. Spider nevus Central red spot with numerus radiating blood vessels
- 11. Vin Rose patch Mild dilatation of intradermal subpapillary plexus giving pale pink color to skin
- 12. Campbell de morgan spot Bright red spot 1-3mm Not totally compressible
- 15. Cavernous hemangioma Bigger hemangioma Soft, spongy, bluish Dilated spaces containing blood Compressible Surface/visceral
- 16. • Plexiform hemangioma • Congenital AV fistula • Glomus tumor – AV communication surrounded by smooth muscle cells and glomus cells
- 18. Inflammatory • Erysepelas • Cellulitis • Abscess • Furuncle • Carbuncle
- 24. Abscess • Pyogenic • Pyaemic • Cold abscess
- 25. Neoplastic • Benign and malignant
- 26. Benign
- 27. Papilloma Simple overgrowth of all layers of skin Central axis
- 28. fibroma Mostly combined with other mesodermal tissue Painless, firm, circumscribed Hard/soft
- 29. Lipoma Universal tumor Fat cells overactive and distended with fat Encapsulated/diffuse/multiple Soft Slip sign Semifluctant Dimpling in skin on movement
- 30. Neurofibroma Local – slightly painful, firm and smooth Generalised
- 31. Lymphangioma
- 32. Lymphangioma Capillary lymphangioma 0.5 to 4mm Soft and spongy Not compressible Margins indistinct
- 33. Cavernous lymphangioma Bigger Deeper Soft and lobulated Fluctuant, brilliantly transilluminant
- 34. Cystic hygroma Most common form Majority posterior triangle of neck
- 35. Sebaceous cyst Blockage of sebaceous duct Fixed to skin Sometimes punctum not visible Margin yield Fluctuation present
- 36. condyloma Hypertrophy of epidermis occurring at mucocutaneous junction Fungating, sessile Moist surface
- 37. Warts Patches of overgrown skin with keratosis
- 39. Callosity and corn Callous- raised thickened patch of hyperkeratosis Corn- circumscribed horny thickening palpable as a nodule
- 40. Pyogenic granuloma Dark red, firm small nodule 1-2cm Overgrowth of granulation tissue Bleeds easily Not painful
- 41. Thank you