This presentation helps to answer the questions asked in the Anaesthesiology viva about the anaesthetic drugs.

1. QUESTION & ANSWER
SESSION ON
ANAESTHETIC DRUGS

2. Which analgesic drug is called
“Queen of analgesic drugs”?
MORPHINE
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3. From which plant, Morphine is extracted?.
PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM
Extra-Innings: Which country produces 80% of
world requirement of opium?
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4. Mention 2 more alkaloids
extracted from poppy extract:
CODEINE & THEBAINE
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5. Name the ingredients of “ LYTIC COCKTAIL”:
CHLORPROMAZINE
PETHIDINE
PROMETHAZINE
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6. Which action of Morphine is beneficial
for the patient in cardiac failure?
PERIPHERAL VENO-DILATATION LEADING TO
PULMONARY DECONGESTION
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7. What is the intra-thecal dose of Morphine?
100-200 µg
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8. What are the principal side effects
of neuraxial morphine?
Nausea
Vomiting
Pruritus
Respiratory depression
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9. What are the types of respiratory depression
seen with neuraxial morphine?
Early onset – 10 -30 min
Late onset – after 2 – 4 hours
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10. How will you treat the pruritus induced by
intrathecal morphine?
NALOXONE INFUSION -0.25 -1 µG/KG/HOUR
ONDANSETRON
MIRTAZAPINE-5-HT 2,3 ANTAGONIST
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11. What is the dose of Fentanyl if it is
used as a sole induction dose?
20 -140 µg /kg
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12. What are the peculiar side effect of high dose fentanyl?
Chest wall rigidity
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13. What is the additional antidote for
Buprenorphine induced respiratory depression
apart from naloxone?
DOXAPRAM
IV infusion: 1-2 mg/kg IV injection, repeat in 5 min, if no response, wait 1-2 hr
and repeat priming dose; if some stimulation noted, initiate infusion at 1-3
mg/min IV infusion; suspend infusion if patient begins to awaken; may repeat
after a rest of 30-120 minutes, total dose not to exceed 3 g/day
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14. Which is the shortest acting synthetic opioid?
REMIFENTANYL
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15. Which opioid is metabolised by plasma esterases?
REMIFENTANIL
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16. What is the drug being misused here? 15

17. From which plant cocaine is extracted?
ERYTHROXYLON COCA
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18. Who suggested Carl Koller about the local anaesthetic
property of cocaine ?
SIGMUND FREUD
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19. What are the drugs used to produce
“twilight sleep”?
MORPHINE
SCOPOLAMINE
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20. Following this unexpected air raid and bombing by Japan
on Pearl Harbour in USA, there were many war causalities.
One drug is incriminated in causing many deaths in them
When tried to debride the wounds.
What is that anaesthetic drug?
19

21. Among the following drugs, which depresses
the airway reflexes the most?
THIOPENTONE PROPOFOL
KETAMINE
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22. From which plant,curare is extracted from?
CHONDRODENDRON TOMENTOSUM
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23. Who was the first animal who was kept alive after curare injection
with the help of artificial ventilation?
WOURALIA-A DONKEY
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24. Who introduced curare for the surgical practice?
HAROLD GRIFFITH & ENID JOHNSON-1942
Extra-innings: what is the name of that preparation?
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25. What is that plant? What are the active alkaloids?
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26. Which inhalational anaesthetic has got the highest
O/G partition co-efficient?
Halothane-224
Isoflurane-91
Methoxyflurane-970
Desflurane-18.7
Sevoflurane-47
SEVOFLURANE ISOFLURANE HALOTHANE METHOXYFLURANE
DESFLURANE
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27. Arrange the following inhalational agents in ascending order
in terms of B-G partition co-efficient:
Isoflurane,sevoflurane,desflurane,halothane,ether & N2O
Desflurane – 0.45
N2O – 0.47
Sevoflurane - 0.65
Isoflurane – 1.4
Halothane – 2.5
Ether - 12
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28. I have B-G partition co-efficient lower than N2O
Don’t undergo biotransformation
Provide rapid induction and emergence
WHO AM I ?
Exert analgesic effect
Noble gas
XENON
27 (An inhalational anaesthetic)
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29. Which metabolic product is responsible for hepatitis
following halothane administration?
TRIFLUROACETIC ACID (TFA)
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30. My chemical name is
Fluromethyl-2-2-difluro-1-vinyl ether
I may cause renal injury if inhaled for
more than 50 ppm for 3 hours
I’m strongly connected with baralyme use
rather than sodalime
I’m a toxic product
COMPOUND A
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31. What is the formulation used initially and now for propofol
to make it an aqueous solution?
CREMOPHOR EL
10% SOYA BEAN OIL
2.25% GLYCEROL
1-2% EGG PHOPHOTIDE/
ACTIVATED LECITHIN
EDTA
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32. What is the receptor site of action of Propofol?
POTENTIATING GABA INDUCED CHLORIDE CURRENT
INHIBITION OF NMDA RECEPTOR
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33. Which of the following effect
doesn’t occur with Propofol:
ANTIEMESIS
SENSE OF
WELL BEING
AFTER
RECOVERY
ANTANALGESIA MYOCLONUS
ADDICTION
ANTANALGESIA
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34. What is the action of propofol on bronchial tone?
BRONCHODILATOR
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35. What is the anti-emetic dose of Propofol?
10 -20 mg
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36. What is the danger of prolonged infusion of propofol in ICU?
PROPOFOL INFUSION SYNDROME
Acute cardiac failure
Metabolic acidosis
myopathy
hepatomegaly
hyperkalemia
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37. What was the first barbiturate used clinically?
BARBITAL ( Diethyl barbituric acid -1903)
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38. What is ‘somnifen’?
A MIXTURE OF BARBITURATE SALTS OF
DIETHYL & DIALLYL BARBITURIC ACIDS.
USED EXTENSIVELY IN 1920s
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39. Who introduced Thiopental in to clinical practice?
RALPH WATERS & JOHN LUNDY
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40. Give two more examples of ultra short acting barbiturates
apart from thiopentone:
METHOHEXITAL
THIOAMYLAL
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41. Which enzyme is stimulated by Thiopentone
to precipitate an acute attack of porphyria?
GAMA-AMINO LEVULINIC ACID SYNTHETASE
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42. What is the difference between the mechanism of recovery
if Thiopentone is given as a single dose induction agent
and as a continuous infusion?
REDISTRIBUTION IS THE MECHANISM OF RECOVERY AFTER
A SINGLE DOSE
ADIPOSE TISSUE DISTRIBUTION & ELIMINATION BY
METABOLISM IS FOR CONTINUOUS INFUSION
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43. What’s the action of thiopentone on pain threshold?
ÍT LOWERS IT AND HAS ANTANALGESIC PROPERTY
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44. Suggest some treatment for accidental
intra-arterial injection of thiopentone:
 LEAVE THE NEEDLE THERE
 DILUTE THE DRUG WITH SALINE
 HEPARIN
 BRACHIAL PLEXUS BLOCK
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45. What are the active metabolites of Diazepam?
DESMETHYL DIAZEPAM
OXAZEPAM
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46. Which the most in vivo lipid soluble drug among the following?
Lorazepam Diazepam Midazolam Nitrazepam
MIDAZOLAM
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47. What is the specific antidote of
Benzodiazepine overdose?
FLUMAZENIL
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48. What is the dose of Flumazenil in treating
the Benzodiazepine poisoning?
0.1 – 0.2 mg REPEATED UPTO 3 mg.
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49. Who introduced Ketamine in to clinical practice?
CORSSEN AND DOMINO(1965)
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50. How Ketamine differs from other induction drugs?
 ANALGESIC
 DOESN’T DEPRESS CVS
 HALLUCINATIONS IN THE RECOVERY PERIOD
 PRESERVES THE REFLEXES TO CERTAIN EXTENT
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51. What is the principal site of action of Ketamine ?
 THALAMOCORTICAL PROJECTION
 LIMBIC SYSTEM
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52. On which receptors, ketamine act?
 NMDA
 OPIOID µ RECEPTORS
 WDR NEURONS IN DORSAL HORN
Extra-Innings: What is that WDR?
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53. What is the oral dose of ketamine?
3 -10 mg/kg
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54. What is the oral dose of Morphine?
30 -100 mg/day
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55. Which preservative of ketamine is responsible
for its neurotoxic activity precluding its use
in intrathecal route?
CHLOROBUTANOL
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56. What are the major advantages of Etomidate?
 HAEMODYNAMIC STABILITY
 MINIMAL RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
 CEREBRAL PROTECTION
 RAPID RECOVERY
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57. What are the disadvantages of etomidate?
 TEMPORARY INHIBITION OF STEROID SYNTHESIS
 PAIN ON INJECTION
 SUPERFICIAL THROMBOPHLEBITIS
 MYOCLONUS
 INCREASED INCIDENCE OF NAUSEA & VOMITING
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58. What is the induction dose of etomidate?
0.2 -0.6 mg /kg
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59. Which enzyme is being inhibited by etomidate resulting in
Adrenocortical suppression?
11-beta-Hydroxylase
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60. Etomidate is contra-indicated in one of the following situation.
What is it?
 Cardio-vascular disease
 Reactive airway disease
 Intracranial Hypertension
NONE
It can be used in all of these conditions
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61. Which drug can be used to reverse the
sedative effect of Dexmeditomidine?
ATIPAMEZOLE
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62. What are the prime side effects
of Dexmeditomidine?
 BRADYCARDIA
 HYPOTENSION
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63. What do you mean by “Neuroleptanalgesia”?
A TRANCE LIKE IMMOBILITY IN A PATIENT WITH INTENSE ANALGESIA
WHO IS DISSOCIATED AND INDIFFERENT TO THE EXTERNAL
SORROUNDINGS
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64. Give an example of Neuroleptic drug combination:
 DROPERIDOL & FENTANYL
 HALOPERIDOL & PETHIDINE
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65. What is the effect of droperidol
on the cardiac conduction?
PROLONGATION OF QTc INTERVAL
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66. Why Morphine is named so?
IT IS NAMED AFTER THE
GREEK GOD OF DREAMS-MORPHEA
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67. Which is the synthetic opioid among the following drugs?
Pethidine Codeine Thebaine Morphine
PETHIDINE
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68. Find out the non-opioid:
Loperamide Diphenoxalate caffiene Papavarine
CAFFIENE
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69. Which opioid receptor mediates
the respiratory depression?
µ RECEPTOR
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70. Which opioid has got an anti-shivering action?
• PETHIDINE
• TRAMADOL
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71. Which drug’s administration in a hypovolemic condition
was referred as an ideal form of EUTHANASIA ?
When was it referred like that?
THIOPENTONE
PEARL HARBOUR INCIDENT
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72. Which metabolite of Morphine possesses
more µ receptor
activity?
MORPHINE-6-GLUCURONIDE
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73. What is the bio-availability of oral Morphine?
20 - 30%
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74. How much Fentanyl is taken up
by lungs as first pass effect?
75%
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75. Find the drug which is not metabolised by pseudocholinesterase
MIVACURIUM REMIFENTANIL PROPANIDID BUTRYLCHOLINE
REMIFENTANIL.
IT’S METABOLISED BY NON-SPECIFIC ESTERASES
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76. What is the bio-availability of
sublingual Buprenorphine?
50%
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77. What is OTFC? What is its bio-availability?
 ORAL TRANSMUCOSAL FENTANIL CITRATE
 LOZENGES
 25% ABSORBED IN THE BUCCAL MUCOSA
 SHOULD BE GIVEN 30 MIN BEFORE THE PROCEDURE
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78. Which opioid interacts with
MAO inhibitors the most?
PETHIDINE
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79. Which drug is given here?
TOF MONITORING
SUCCINYL CHOLINE
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80. What is the normal Dibucaine number
of peudocholinesterase?
70-80
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81. Why bradycardia is common after
second dose of succinylcholine?
THE METABOLIC PRODUCT, SUCCINYL MONOCHOLINE SENSITIZES
THE HEART FOR THE FURTHER ACTION OF SCOLINE
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82. How much K+ level increases after an
intubating dose of scoline?
0.5 -1 meq/L
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83. What is the intra gastric pressure
required to overcome the competency of
gastro-oesophageal sphincter?
28-30 cm of H2O
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84. What is the longest acting
non-depolarizing muscle relaxant?
DOXACURIUM - 0.04mg/kg – 90 min
0.06 mg/kg – 125 min
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85. What do you mean by “priming technique”?
A SMALL SUB-PARALYSING DOSE OF THE NON-DEPOLARIZER
(about 20% of the ED95 or 10% of the intubating dose)-2-4 MIN BEFORE
ADMINISTERING THE FULL DOSE FOR TRACHEAL INTUBATION
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86. What is the primary metabolic pathway for Atracurium?
Non-specific ester hydrolysis (60 -90%)
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87. What are the toxic metabolites of Atracurium?
 LAUDANOSINE
 ACRYLATES
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88. Among the following list, which drug doesn’t depend upon
kidney for its elimination?
ROCURONIUM ALCURONIUM METOCURINE GALLAMINE
ROCURONIUM
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89. Two more non-depolarizers which
release histamine apart from
Atracurium:
D-TUBOCURARINE
MIVACURIUM
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90. Aminoglycosides enhance the neuromuscular blockade
of non-depolarizers.
What drug can be used to hasten the recovery
after this drug interaction?
4-AMINOPYRIDINE
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91. Name the naturally occurring
anticholinesterase alkaloid:
PHYSOSTIGMINE
Extra-innings: Believed to be used by Cleopatra to enhance her beauty
90

92. Name a short acting anticholinesterase:
EDROPHONIUM
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93. What is the maximum effective dose of neostigmine
above which further enhancement of reversal doesn’t occur?
80 -100 µg/kg
Extra-innings: Why it is so?
92
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94. Which drug is more appropriate to reverse a verapamil
potentiated non-depolarizing blockade?
EDROPHONIUM
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95. What do you mean by “Tensilon test”?
 To confirm the diagnosis of Myasthesnia gravis.
After a test dose of 1-2 mg, a total dose of 10 mg of Edrophonium
Is given. A positive response occurs within 5 minutes.
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96. Identify the ester local anaesthetic:
PRILOCAINE MEPIVACAINE TERACAINE ETIDOCAINE
TETRACAINE
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97. Identify the topically active local anaesthetic:
BENZOCAINE CHLOROPROCAINE ETIDOCAINE ROPIVACAINE
BENZOCAINE
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98. Name the local anaesthetic drug which
was introduced in to anaesthetic practice by
Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow:
CENTBUCRIDINE
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99. What are the pKa values of
Lignocaine & Bupivacaine?
LIGNOCAINE -7.8
BUPIVACAINE – 8.1
98
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100. What is the % of lignocaine to be used in IVRA?
0.5%
Extra-innings: Which drug is contra indicated for IVRA?
99
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101. .What other local anaesthetic is preferred for IVRA?
PRILOCAINE
Extra-innings: What will happen if excessive
Prilocaine is absorbed systemically?
100
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102. What is the % of Dextrose added to
Bupivacaine to make it heavy?
8.25 %
101
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103. What is the composition of EMLA cream?
EUTECTIC MIXTURE OF
2.5 % LIGNOCAINE &
2.5 % PRILOCAINE
Extra-Innings- What do you mean by “Eutectic”?
102
A eutectic mixture is defined as a mixture of two or more components
which usually do not interact to form a new chemical compound but,
which at certain ratios, inhibit the crystallization process of one another
resulting in a system having a lower melting point than either of the
components
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104. What do you mean by ‘TAÇ’ solution?
 TETRACAINE 0.5%
 ADRENALINE 1 in 2000
 COCAINE 10 -11.8 %
Has to be applied to the cut edges of the wound.
Ineffective on intact skin
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105. What is “LET”preparation?
LIGNOCAINE
EPINEPHRINE
TETRACAINE
Combination is called as LET solution
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106. What is the dose of lignocaine being
used in Tumuscent anaesthesia?
35 -55 mg/kg
105
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107. What is the only local anaesthetic
which causes vasoconstriction?
COCAINE
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108. How will you treat the methhaemoglobinaemia
induced by prilocaine?
INTRAVENOUS METHYLENE BLUE
Extra-innings: What is the metabolite responsible
for this side effect?
O-toluidine
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109. What is the medical relevance of Garlic intake?
 INHIBITS PLATELET AGGREGATION
 CAUSES INCREASED FIBRINOLYSIS
 HAS TO BE STOPPED 7 DAYS PRIOR TO SURGERY
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110. What is the drug interaction between
Reserpine and anaesthetic drugs?
 Reserpine depletes the stores of catecholamines
in the brainstem and periphery.
 So drug acting by releasing the catecholamines
like Ephedrine may be ineffective.
 Reserpine decreases the MAC by 20-30%
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111. What is the main side effect of α-methyl dopa?
• ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
• AUTOIMMUNE HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA
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112. What is the pre-operative instruction you will give for a patient
who is on Lisinopril?
Whether to continue? Or Discontinue? What’s the reason?
 TO BE DISCINTINUED
 PRODUCES SEVERE HYPOTENSION
DURING INDUCTION
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113. What are the main side-effects
of chronic diuretic intake?
HYPOCHLORAEMIC ALKALOSIS
HYPOKALEMIA
HYPERURICAEMIA
HYPERGLYCAEMIA
112
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114. Which inhalational anaesthetic sensitizes the myocardium
to exogenous catecholamines?
HALOTHANE
113
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115. What is the composition of Aminophylline?
85% THEOPHYLLINE+ 15% ETHYLENE DIAMINE
114
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116. Which inhalational anaesthetic interacts with Aminophylline
leading to the development of ventricular arrhythmias?
HALOTHANE
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117. What is the side effect of Amiodarone because of its Iodine
content?
THYROID DYSFUNCTION
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118. This signature ECG is produced by long term intake of this drug.
What is that drug?
Digitalization
117
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119. Which electrolyte abnormality will
predispose to Digitalis toxicity?
HYPOKALEMIA
118
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120. What is the risk for the patient who was on
oral contraceptives preoperatively?
DEVELOPMENT OF DVT IN THE
POST-OPERATIVE PERIOD
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121. Which electrolyte is called as
“physiological calcium antagonist”?
MAGNESIUM
120
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122. What are the major actions/uses of Magnesium?
 ANTICONVULSANT
 TOCOLYSIS
 SEDATIVE
 ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE
 BRONCHODILATOR
 ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC
121
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123. Define the toxic plasma levels of Mg:
 Depressed cardiac conduction -5-10 mg%
 Depressed tendon reflexes, muscle weakness -20-34mg%
 Hypotension , bradycardia -24 -48 mg%
 Areflexia , respiratory paralysis – 48 -72mg%
122
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124. Which eye drops have an
interaction with succinylcholine?
ECHOTHIOPHATE EYE DROPS
123
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125. What are the drugs incriminated in the development
of Malignant Hyperthermia?
HALOTHANE
SUCCINYL CHOLINE
124
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126. What is the dose of dantrolene to treat MH?
2mg/kg every 5 minutes to a total dose
of 10mg/kg,if needed.
125
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127. How will you calculate the Na deficit and
the dose of the sodium to be replaced?
DOSE IN m.eq = WEIGHT IN Kg x (140 – patients serum Na) x 0.6
126
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128. What is the osmolality of Normal saline
and 3% saline?
NORMAL SALINE –ISOOSMOLAR-308 mosm/L
HYPERTONIC SALINE – 513mosm/L
127
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129. What is the recommended rate
of potassium replacement?
10 – 20 meq / hour TO A MAXIMUM OF 200meq.
128
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130. What is the K level in Ringer Lactate?
4 meq/L
129
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131. Which I.V fluid has got the
maximum potassium content?
ISOLYE-M – 13 meq/L
130
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132. What is the dose of Mannitol
used to reduce the ICT?
0.25 – 1 G / kg
131
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133. What is the recommended maximum dose
of Hydroxyethyl starch per day?
20 ml/kg per day
132
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134. What are the side effects of Hydroxyethyl starch?
 INTERFERENCE WITH
COAGULATION,CLOT FORMATION,
CROSS MATCHING
133
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135. What do you mean by Dextran-40 and Dextran-70?
Where they are primarily used?
 DEXTRAN 40 – M.W-40,000 daltons
 DEXTRAN 70 – M.W -70,000 daltons
 USED TO INHIBIT THROMBUS FORMATION
134
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136. A drug over dose is related to these animals and objects.
What is that drug?
ATROPINE
135
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137. What are the alkaloids derived from this plant?
ATROPINE,HYOSCYAMINE & SCOPALAMINE
136
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138. Acute desensitization occurs with the
following drug:
SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE
ESMOLOL
NITROGLYCERINE
METAPROLOL
137
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139. How Ipratropium differs from Atropine?
 IPRATROPIUM IS A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUND.
 POORLY ABSORBED WHEN INHALED AND HAS A LOCAL ACTION
138
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140. Which drug antagonizes the action of Atropine?
PHYSOSTIGMINE
139
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141. What are the other uses of anticholinesterases
apart from neuro-muscular reversal?
 MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
 NEUROTOXIC SNAKE BITE
 GLAUCOMA –MIOTIC ACTION
 PARALYTIC ILEUS
140
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142. What is the dose of Adrenaline in CPR?
1mg every 3-5 minutes
141
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143. What is the dose of Adrenaline in epidural test dose?
What is the positive response?
 15µg of Adrenaline in 45 mg of Lignocaine as 1.5%
 More than 15 mm of Hg systolic BP rise
 More than 10 beats of HR within 10 seconds
142
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144. Which vasodilator was commonly used for the manufacture of
“DYNAMITES”explosives? Who used it for this purpose first?
 NITROGLYCERIN
 ALFRED NOBEL
Ïsn’t the irony of fate that I’ve been prescribed Nitroglycerin
to be taken internally…! They call it ‘trinitrin’ so as not to
scare the chemist and public…!
143
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145. Which enzyme converts the Nitrates to Nitric oxide?
Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
144
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146. Where else Nitrates are used apart
from being used as a vasodilator?
 TOCOLYTICS
 TO PRODUCE METHHAEMOGLOBIAEMIA
IN TREATMENT OF CYANIDE POISONING
145
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147. What is the dose of Esmolol in treating hypertensive crisis?
0.5 mg /kg bolus
0.05-0.2 mg/kg/min infusion
146
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148. How is Esmolol metabolised?
METABOLISED BY ESTERASES IN THE
CYTOSOL OF R.B.C
147
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149. What is the dose of Amiodarone used to treat the
arrhythmias induced by Digoxin?
IT IS CONTRA-INDICATED IN THIS SITUATION
148
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150. Arrange the following inhalational anaesthetics
in the ascending order in terms of Boiling point:
DESFLURANE-22.80
ETHER-34.6
SEVOFLURANE-58.6
TRILENE-86 METHOXYFLURANE-104.7
149

151. Which drug is responsible for the
death of this poor girl?
CHLOROFORM
150
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152. Which drug is responsible for this state of affair?
CHLOROFORM
(Dr.Simpson,Dr.George Keith & Dr.Duncan)
151
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153. We are also using the same drug as his blow gun.
What is that drug?
CURARE152
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154. What is an A.C.E mixture?
ALCOHOL
CHLOROFORM
ETHER MIXTURE
153
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155. Who suggested chloroform to Simpson?
DAVID WALDIE
Extra-innings: He travelled to India and
settled at Calcutta and established a chemical
manufacturing company.
154

156. Mention some uses of sodium bicarbonate:
Treatment of
1. metabolic acidosis
2. Hyperkalemia
3. As an antacid
4. Purgative(used with poly ethylene glycol)
5. Forced alkaline diuresis
6. To hasten the onset of local anaesthetics
155
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157. What is the formula to calculate
the dose of Sodium bicarbonate?
Dose of NaCO3 = Body weight x Base deficit x 0.3
156
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158. What is MOFFETT’S solution?
COCAINE 10% -1 ml
ADRENALINE 1 in 1000 – 1 ml
SODIUM BICARBONATE 8.4% - 2 ml
157
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159. Mention some uses of Calcium Gluconate:
HYPOCALCAEMIA
HYPERKALEMIA
HIGH MAGNESIUM LEVEL
158
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160. What are the signs & symptoms of Hypocalcaemia?
CONFUSION
NUMBNESS AND TINGLING IN THE HANDS
MUSCLE SPASM
SEIZURE
DEPRESSION
Chvostek's sign
Trousseau's sign
159
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161. In which situations, paraldehyde was used?
SEDATION
HYPNOSIS
ANTI-CONVULSANT
Extra-innings: What is special in its excretion?
160
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162. What is the dose of Trichlorofos in
paediatric premedication?
25 -30 mg/kg orally as a syrup
Availability -500 mg/5 ml
161
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163. Following are the indications of Dexamethasone except
 High altitude cerebral oedema
 PONV
 Patients who have been administered a live viral vaccine
 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
PATIENTS GIVEN LIVE VIRAL VACCINE
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164. How long a patient has to take steroids
to get his HPA axis suppressed?
Minimum of 2 weeks
163
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165. Which amino acid acts as a precursor
in the synthesis of Nor-adrenaline?
PHENYL ALANINE
164
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166. What is the infusion dose of nor-adrenaline?
Initial dose: 8 to 12 mcg/min
continuous IV infusion
Maintenance dose: 2 to 4
mcg/min continuous IV
infusion
165
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167. What is the advantage of Levo-bupivacaine
over bupivacaine?
LOWER CARDIOLOGICAL AND NEUROLOGICCAL
TOXIC PROFILE
166
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168. What is PROXYMETACAINE /PROPARACAINE?
• LOCAL ANAESTHETIC BELONGING TO AMINOESTER GROUP
• USED IN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SURFACE ANAESTHESIA
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169. What are major actions of PROMETHAZINE?
 SEDATIVE
 ANTI-EMETIC
 ANTI ALLERGIC
 ANTI TUSSIVE
 ANTISIALLAGOGUE
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170. Where is RUMACK-MATTHEW NOMOGRAM is used?
PARACETAMOL POISONING
It estimates the risk of toxicity based on the serum
concentration of paracetamol at a given number of hours
after ingestion.
To determine the risk of potential hepatotoxicity, the
paracetamol level is traced along the nomogram.
169

171. What is the antidote for
paracetamol poisoning?
N-ACETYL CYSTEINE
infusion of a 150 mg/kg loading dose over 15 to 60 minutes,
followed by a 50 mg/kg infusion over four hours; the last
100 mg/kg are infused over the remaining 16 hours.
170
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172. What is the action of Glycopyrrolate on the CNS?
No..it doesn’t cross the Blood Brain Barrier
171
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173. What are the other uses of Salbutamol apart from
its usage as bronchodilator?
 TO TREAT HYPERKALEMIA
 TOCOLYTIC
172
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174. What are the therapeutic uses of phenytoin?
 ANTI-EPILEPTIC
 ANTI ARRHYTHMIC
 TO TREAT NEUROPATHIC PAIN
 TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
173
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175. Which barbiturate can be used in
CRIGLER-NAJJAR syndrome?
PHENOBARBITAL
174
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176. 175 What is the relationship between
protamine and vasectomy?
 When the protamine was made from the semen of salmon fish,
Protamine was proven to be allergic in vasectomized men.
 But now it is made by recombinant DNA technology.
No increased incidence of allergy in them.
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177. What is the dose of protamine to
reverse the heparin effect?
1mg of protamine sulfate for
every 100 units of heparin
given in the past 4 hours
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178. Mention one major side effect of
prolonged heparin infusion?
HEPARIN INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA
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179. Mention some alternative drugs
for heparin which can be
used in CPB circuits?
 ANCROD
 HIRUDIN
178
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180. What type of anaesthesia was given to Mahatma Gandhi
for his emergency appendicectomy?
OPEN DROP CHLOROFORM
179
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181. Which drug is incriminated in
the mysterious death of Michael Jackson?
PROPOFOL &
LORAZEPAM
180
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182. When was Ether administered in India for the first time?
And where was it?
22nd March 1847
MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITALS,CALCUTTA
181
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183. Who headed the
HYDERABAD CHLOROFORM COMMISSION?
EDWARD LAWRIE
Extra-innings: Second hyderabad commission was sponsored
by Hyderabad Nizam(1000 pounds). 430 animal administration of chloroform &
54 human experiments were conducted at Afjalganj hospital(Osmania)
182

184. Who was the (only) lady anaesthetist
in Hyderabad Chloroform commission?
ROOPABAI FERDUNJI
FINAL
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186. dr.r.selvakumar.M.D.D.A.DNB
professor of anaesthesiology
madurai medical college
madurai
thank
you