physica and its demand

1. Biophysical action of Direct current
on living tissues. Galvanization.
MADE BY SARVARSH SINGH SAINI
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2. GALVANIZATION
1.Galvanization or galvanizing (also spelled galvanisation or galvanising) is the process of applying a
protective zinc coating to steel or iron, to prevent rusting.
2. Galvanization therapy is a term for constant direct current, named after Luigi Galvani from Bologna in
1889, used in therapy since the end of the 19th century after the batteries for it were constructed
successfully.
3.Today we get galvanic current from the alternating current of 50 pulse per second frequency and 220
voltage. Devices for this transformation have several electronic tubes through which the current flows in
single diection

3. EFFECTS OF CURRENT
• The contact with electric current can have various effects on the human body such
as pain, burns or even death.
• There are many factors which affect the way the body interacts with current, such
as the skin resistance, the voltage, the lenght of time of contact,the amount of
electric current and its intensity.
• The body is extremely sensitive to the effects of electric current, that´s why this
scenario can lead to a variety of outcomes.
• Firstly it disrupts normal operation of our nervous and muscular systems. The
other reason when current passes through your body, it is transformed into thermal
energy. This can cause serious burns, both inside your body and on your skin.

4. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EFFECTS OF
AC AND DC ON BILOGOCAL TISSUES
 The effects of AC (alternating current) depends largely on frequency, low frequency tends to be much more
dangerous than high frequency.
 AC with the same amperage and voltage as DC is more dangerous and provoke worse effects on the
human body.
 Low frequency AC provokes muscle contraction (tetany) which can induce the "cannot let go" effect by
freezing the muscles of the hand. This happens because the flexors of the hand are stronger than the
extensors, so when an external electrical stimulation is applied, the flexors outdo the extensors.
 AC has a more of a tendency to induce heart fibrillation while DC makes the heart stop. That is why
defibrillation equipment is DC, which stops the heart and gives a chance to recover.

5. BIOPHYSICAL ACTION OF
DIRECT CURRENT ON
LIVING TISSUES
Direct current is most likely to cause a single convulsive contraction,
which often forces the victim away from the current's source.
Direct current (DC) is more likely to cause muscle tetanus
than alternating current (AC), making DC more likely to “freeze” a
victim in a shock scenario .

6. VARIOUS USES OF DC IN
REMEDIES
Several recent reviews have highlighted the importance of electrotherapy as an effective tool in pain management.
1. Conditions associated with geriatric populations in particular chronic pain, low back pain, and osteoarthritis
have been shown to be effectively treated by electrotherapy.
2. In addition, the American Physical Therapy Association currently recognizes the utility of electrotherapy for
pain management, treatment of neuromuscular dysfunction, inducing tissue repair, resolving acute and chronic
edema, increasing peripheral blood flow, and iontophoresis.
3. Iontophoresis is of particular interest to researchers as it is the form of electrotherapy, which uses a
unidirectional galvanic current (GAL) to transfer pharmaceutically active ions (electronically charged
molecules) across the skin membrane. This can be considered a form of needleless injection.

7. GALVANIZATION
TREATMENT
A low-voltage low direct current that is directed through electrodes into the patient’s body for treatment purposes. Local effects –
improves tissue metabolism and blood circulation, promotes the absorption of inflammatory lesions and the extraction of metabolic
waste and decreases pain. Indications are inflammatory processes in the subacute and chronic phase and contractures, scar tissue,
neuropathies and muscle dystrophies. The service requires a referral letter from a doctor.

8. HOW DO WE USE
GALVANIZATIONTHERAPY?
•Dry galvanization through moist electrodes
•Special forms in certain body parts
•Moist galvanization

9. DRY GALVANIZATION
•Transverse or transregional galvanization – set transversely on a certain body part. This way
equal flow of tissue between the electrodes is achieved.
•Longitudinal galvanization – electrodes are set on different extremity heights (on the endings) –
e.g.one electrode on the shoulder, and the other on the palm of the hand. This way we achieve
surface flow. Longitudinal galvanization can be descending (cathode is placed distally) or ascending
(cathode is placed proximally).
•Dotted galvanization – applied via two electrodes, one active (mobile, applied in painful spots), the
other inactive and considerably bigger.

10. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT
OF GALVANIZATION THERAPY
Galvanic current affects neural endings responsibole for transfer of pain so that the pain is diminished or removed
completely.
Cathodes enhance stimulativeness and conductiveness of the nerves, while anodes diminish them.
Vasodilataion (expansion of blood vessels) happens under the influence of the galvanic current , causing
hyperaemia, excessive accumulation of blood in a part of the body. Skin under the electrode becomes warmer,
redder, and moister, in a period of up to 30 minutes

11. WHEN TO
APPLY GALVANIZATION
THERAPY?
•rheumatic diseases, except in their active or acute phase
•paresis and paralyis – galvanic current is here used as the introduction for
electrostimulation (galvanic current diminished skin resistance through hyperaemia, so
we can achieve a strong muscle contraction with little stimulation
•blood vessel dieases and circulation disorders

12. WHEN NOT TO
USE GALVANIZATION
THERAPY
•acute inflammations, including active joint and other organs tuberculosis
•malign diseases
•diseases that influence the development of cachexia
•decompensated heart condition
•hemorrhaging or proneness to hemorrhaging
•metal in the tissue (after the injury, endoprosthetics, or osteosynthesis)

13. THANK YOU MAM