This document discusses the coexistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) based on several studies. It mentions that a recent quantitative multiplex PCR assay was developed for simultaneously detecting MTB and NTM in clinical samples. While diagnosing MTB and NTM is important, determining drug resistance is equally important for patient treatment. Several studies have reported the coexistence of MTB and NTM in patient samples.