Health behavior

“Your work is to discover your work and then with all your heart to give yourself to
it”- Buddha
V.P.S.V AYURVEDA COLLEGE KOTTAKKAL
1
anupama krishnan vpsv
ayurveda college kottakkal

anupama krishnan vpsv ayurveda college kottakkal 2

Anupama Krishnan
V.P.S.V AYURVEDA COLLEGE
KOTTAKKAL
dr.anupamakrishnan@gmail.com
3

• Behaviour : action that has a specific frequency, duration and
• purpose whether conscious or unconscious
• It is what we “do” and how we “act”
• People stay healthy or become ill, often as a result of their own
action or behaviour
• Identify practices that cause, cure, or prevent a problem
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Preventive health behavior: any activity undertaken by an individual who
believes himself (or herself) to be healthy, for purpose of preventing or
detecting illness in an asymptomatic state
Illness behavior: undertaken by an individual, perceives himself to be ill, to
discover a suitable remedy
Sick-role behavior : undertaken by an individual who considers
himself to be ill, for purpose of getting well, receiving treatment
from medical providers, dependent behaviors degree of exemption from
one’s usual responsibilities
[Kasl and Cobb, 1966a]
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Influencial Factors
• Life style: refers to collection of behaviours that make up person’s way of life-
including diet, clothing, family life, housing work
• Customs: represents group behaviour, pattern of action
shared by some or all members of the society
• Traditions: behaviours carried out for a long time handed down from parents to
children
• Culture: whole complex of knowledge, attitude, norms, beliefs,values, habits,
customs, traditions, skills acquired by man as a member of society
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• Shared: People in same society share common behavior patterns
and ways of thinking through culture
people living in a society share same language, dress in similar
styles, eat much of same food , celebrate many of same holidays.
• Learned: A person must learn culture from other people in a
society.
learn speak understand a language and to abide by rules of a
society.
• Adaptive: People use culture to adjust flexibly and quickly to
changes inworld around them.
• person can adjust his diet when he changes
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• Knowledge: knowing things, objects, events, persons,situations
• collection and storage of information or experience
• knowledge about methods of prevention of HIV
• Belief :conviction that a phenomenon or object is true or real
• usually do not know whether what they believe is true or false
• derived parents, grandparents,people we respect
• Beliefs may be helpful, harmful or neutral
• Holding materials of iron by mothers during postpartum (Neutral)
• Diarrhea may end up with death (helpful)
• Measles can not be prevented by immunization(harmful)
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• Attitudes : relatively constant feelings, predispositions or set of
beliefs directed towards an object, person or situation
• Evaluative feelings and reflect our likes and dislikes
• Our experiences or from those of people close to us
• bad attitude by health staff could discourage from attending the
health center next time,even when sick
• Values :broad ideas, widely held assumptions regarding what are
desirable, correct and good that most members of a society share
• Being married and having many children are highly valued
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• Values : broad ideas and widely held assumptions regarding what
are desirable, correct and good that most members of a society
share..
• being married, having many children highly valued
• Norms : social rules that specify appropriate ,inappropriate behavior
in given situations.
• tell us what we should, must, should not ,must not do
greeting as a social norm among members who know each other.
Murder, theft and rape often bring strong disapproval
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• Enabling factors: characteristics of environment facilitates healthy
behavior and any skill or resource required to attain behavior
• required for motivation to be realized
• Availability and or accessibility of health resources
• Presence of health related skills
• Mother to give oral rehydration solution to her child with diarrhea
would be: Time, container, salt, sugar, Knowledge on how to
prepare and administer it
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Reinforcing factors: factors come subsequent to the behavior
• important for persistence or repetition of the behavior
• most important reinforcing factors for a behavior to occur or avoid
• Family Peers, teachers Employers, health providers Community leaders,
Decision makers
• young child- parents who have the most influence
• young person can feel a powerful pressure to conform to the peer group, starts
smoking because his friends encouraged him
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• Professionals responsible health education and health behavior
• Interventionists : Action-oriented
• Use their knowledge to design and implement programs to improve
health
• Encourage health-enhancing changes in individual or community
behavior or conditions
Unexplored , Unstudied : Profusely used
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Aims
• Motivating people to adopt health-promoting behaviors by
providing appropriate knowledge and helping to develop positive
attitude
• Helping people to make decisions about their health
• Acquire necessary confidence and skills to put their decisions into
practice
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• Aims at change of behaviour
• multidisciplinary approach is necessary for understanding of human
behavior, effective teaching process.
• Free flow of communication
• Two way communication
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Adopters
• Innovators, early adopters : actively seek information, have access,
take risk
• Majority adopters: receptive to new knowledge ,do not seek
• Value opinion of early adopters
• Late adopters: sceptical, security minded
• Wait and watch attitude
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•Easy to understand
•Consistent
• Specific
• Practical
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• Clear and Concise
• Appropriate
definitions
• Only necessary
words
•Simple language
•Be precise 18

19

s
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• Should start from existing indigenous knowledge and efforts
• Aim at small changes in a graded
fashion and not be too ambitious
• People will learn step by step
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• Talking to people and listening of their problems
• Thinking of behavior or action that could cause, cure and prevent
these problems.
• Finding reasons for people’s behaviors
• Helping people to see reasons for their actions and health problems.
• Asking people to give their own ideas for solving the problems.
• Helping people to look as their ideas so that they could see which
were most useful and the simplest to put into practice.
• Encouraging people to choose the idea best suited to their
circumstances
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• Avoid pumping of all bulk of information in one exposure or
enthusiasm to give all possible information
• Process of education - step-by-step and with due attention to
different principles of communication
• Use terms – immediately understood
• Highly scientific jargon should be avoided
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Message
• What is actually communicated including actual appeals, words, and
pictures and sounds that you use to get the ideas across
Epidemiologically correct (evidence based)
Affordable (feasible)
Requires minimum time/effort
Realistic
Culturally acceptable
Meets a felt need
easy to understandIs
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Relevance
• Proper diet make a person disease free
• No medicine equivalent to food
• Disease cured by wholesome food regimen
• Even hundreds of medicines cannot cure a disease in absence of
wholesome food

Time to consume
• Food to be consumed two times a day morning and evening after
evacuation of bowels
• When there is clear belching
• interest in intake of food
• emptiness in stomach and body feels light
• Not be taken within span of 3 hours (one yama) and should not fast
more than six hours (two yama)

Quantity of food
• Guru - heavy food should be taken half amount of satiety
[heavy food are not easily digestible; sugarcane products, milk
products, black gram, meat of aqueous animals ]
• Laghu - easily digestible food should be taken such that it does not
cause much satiety
[green gram,rice]

Considerations
• After taking bath
• Take in clean plate
• Taken along with friends or relatives
• Should be devoid of hair ,flies
• Should be properly cooked

Avoid
• Eating very fastly or very slowly
• Lonely place, darkness, sunset, sunrise
• Talk or laugh while eating
• Too hot or too cold foods
• Eat under cooked or over cooked items
• Reheat food items

Avoid daily intake
• Dadhi (curd)
• Sukta (vinegar)
• Meat of emaciated animal
• Dried meat
• Beef ,fish
• Black gram
• Bean
• Tuberous root
•Dried leaves
•Molasses
•Mustard
•Salt
•Pippali (piper longum)
•Food comprising of one
(rasa)taste

Incompatible food
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• DDesa viruddha (place
Desa virudha
Residing Rajasthan consuming chilli
Siberia eating ice cream
Kala viruddha (time)
Kala virudha
Hot and pungent food in hot climate
Dry,cold food in cold climate
Sharp, pungent, hot potency during middle age
Dry ,rough ,cold potency during old age
Heavy food at night hours

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Satmya virudha
• Vegetatian offered hot grilled chicken
• Non vegetarian used to hot grilled chilled – sweet rasagolla
• Samskar virudha
• Heated honey
• Dosha virudha
• Pitta prakriti – hot spicy food
• Kapha prakriti- creamy rich food

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• Veerya virudha - fish marinated in curd
• Krama virudha- eating without clearing bowels
• Upachar virudha – After vamana consuming heavy spicy food
• Pak virudha- over cooked,undercooked food

Dina charya
• Broad spectrum
• Rejuvenative
• Safe for long time use
• Availability
• Least complications
• Immuno-modulatory

Early to bed & early to rise
keeps a man healthy
•Wake up in Brahma muhurta
(one and half hour before sunrise)
•For healthy mind & body
Toilet habits - Attend natural urges
-proper time
-urination & defecation
Don’t –Control & strain
‘

Soft and medium bristles
3 month
Nihanti gandham (removes bad smell)
Vairasyam ( tastelessness )
Jihva,danta,asyaja mala (removes dirt of
tongue, teeth, mouth )
Ruchim adatte ( taste is produced )
Ch.Su 5/71
Tooth brushing

Brush outside, inside, and chewing surfaces.
Same has to be done for both rows
Each tooth has to be brushed
Toothbrush bristles should be placed at
gumline at a 45-degree angle to the gums
Gentle Short strokes vibrating back and forth

ARJUNA
Arjinine
Tanine
B-sitosterol
Glycosides
Aluminium
Calcium
carbonate
Antifungal
Antibacterial
Sothahara
Visaghna
Vranaropana
kaphaghna
KHADIRA Catechin
Epicatechin
Taxifolin
Gossypectin
procyanidin
Antiviral
Antifungal
Krimihara
Aruchihara
Sothahara
Dantaroga

Ergonomic design allows access to all areas of the tongue
Multi-ribbed head traps debris
Ergonomic
Tongue cleaning
Removes bacteria and other compounds
Prevent periodontal disease
Revives taste buds

Anjana
Devoted to eye care
• Medicine applied along the inner surface of
eyelid
• Inner cantus to outer cantus
• Foreign body desensitization
• Local irritation-nerve stimulation-
increased vasculature-Tear production
• Drainage followed by Nourishment
• Purifactory and Protective
Benefit
Cosmetic effect-Good
eyelashes
Systemic effect-
Improved vision

Padaabhyanga
• Influences Spino tectal tract
(Pain ,touch, pressure sensation to midbrain)
• Influences Tectospinal tract
(turning of eyes in response
to visual stimuli)
Good sleep
Improves eyesight
Cracks of feet, stiffness,
pain

Udwartana
• Rubbing with medicated powder
• General and local
• Removes excess fat

Snana
• Twice daily
Morning before breakfast
Evening
• Warm water - body
Cold water - head & face
• Season
• Avoid- after food
soon after exposure to sunlight

Vegadharana
• Vegas (natural urges) created naturally
• Eliminate toxins produced in body
• Process timely -regular intervals
• Controlled complex nervous mechanism
• Started without conscious involvement
• Essential life activities uninterrupted
• Facility to control needed
• Serious side effects when controlled
NO Forceful supression
Forceful initiation

Adharaneeya Vega
47
Mutra (micturition)
Purisha (defecation)
Retas (ejaculation of
semen)
Vata (flatus)
Chardi (vomiting)
Kshavathu (sneezing
Udgara(eructation)
Jrumbha (yawning)
Kshudha (hunger)
Pipasa (thirst) Bashpa (tears)
Nidra(sleep)
Shrama shwasa (dyspnoea
due to heavy work

48
Manasika - Dharaneeya
• Greed, Envy, Aversion
• Competitive mentality , Attachment
Should
withhold

• Tears
• Cough
• Sneeze
• Hunger
• Thirst
• Sleep
• Faecus
• Urine
• Flatus
Execretion Vital need
Emotional
Immune
response

GIT Hunger, Bleching, Flatus,
Vommiting
Respiratory system Sneeze, Cough, Yawn,
Fluid Homeo statis Thirst
Lacrimal apparatus Tears
Urogenital Urine, Semen
Daily desires of human beings
Hunger, Thirst,Sleep,Sexual conduct

Consequences
• Flatulence, pain, fatigue, obstruction passage of flatus,urine,faeces
• Difficulty passing stools, passing small quantity, associated with
sound, and pain, watery stools, hard stools, fissure-in-ano/colicky
pain
• Cramps of calf muscles, running nose, headache
• Loss of digestion ,belching,anorexia,tremor
51

• Body pain, urinary calculi,pain urinary bladder,inguinal region
• Distension of abdomen, cough, hiccough
• Emaciation, weakness ,discoloration, giddiness
• Heaviness of head , eyes, laziness, yawning
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• Weakness, head-ache, decreased capacity of sense organs
• Stiffness of neck ,paralysis, diseases related to head, eyes, nose, ear
• Pricking type of pain in throat mouth, variation in voice
• Tremors, giddiness, numbness , diseases of sensory organs ear,
nose, eyes
• Rhinitis, discomfort related - head, eyes, chest region
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• Cellulitis, urticarial, skin diseases, anaemia, fever, cough
• dyspnea,hyper pigmentation of face, oedema
• pain in genitals, swelling around genitals, discomfort in bladder area
• difficulty in passing urine,herniation,impotency
• Blindness,hearing impairment ,paralysis,infertility
54

.
Evacuation of natural urges in
proper time
PROPER place
essential for
maintenance of perfect health.

• Physical
• Mental
• Social
• Spiritual
• Vocational aspects
HEALTH

Conduct
58
Avoid intellectual errors
Practicing wholesome
regime for sense organs
Knowledge about place,
time and himself
Activities after careful
consideration
Courageous in happiness,
misery
Calm and composed, be
charitable,
efficient,disciplined
Proper planning with
intelligence, good conduct
Inclined towards philosophy
,read religious books
Belief in guiding power

• Not to do a sinful act even towards a sinner.
• Fearless, intelligent, enthusiasm, able, forgive, pious
• Treat all beings equally
• Speak truth, peaceful
• Self protection prime
• Wear umbrella and footwear while going
Care of sense organs
• Never induce much strain over the senses nor let them remain inert.
• Medium status should be maintained in all aspects.
.
.

Hygiene
• Clean excretory orifice feet frequently
• Cut hair, mustache, body hair, nails thrice in fifteen days
• Wear clean good cloth every day
• pleasant mind, apply scent, decently dress, comb the hair
• Apply oil to head, ear, nose and feet every day

• Avoid places with dirty cloths, bones, thorns, impure hair, grass,
garbage, ash, pieces of mud pot and places of bath and worship
• Not yawn, sneeze, laugh without covering the mouth
• Avoid improper way of sneezing, belching, coughing ,coitusNot see
unrighty, inauspious undesirable objects
• Avoid excess sunlight, dust, snowfall, rough wind
• Wear umbrella and footwear while going

Speech
Not speak with words which are injuring the vitals, cruel, harsh and fault
finding.(as)
• Speak less, timely, conducive and in sweet language.
• Not speak lies, point of mistakes of others, disclose the secrets of other
Public behaviour
• Generous,kind
• Respect &serve elders, god,preceptor

RITU
Dr Anupama Krishnan
Swasthavritha Dept

RITU SEASONS
Sisira Winter
Vasanta Spring
Greeshma Summer
Varsha Monsoon
Sarat Autumn
Hemanta Early winter

Stages of Dosha
Accumula
tion
Excitation Pacification
Vata Summer Monsoon Autumn
Pitta Monsoon Autumn Early winter
Kapha Winter Spring Summer
,

Season Strength
Winter EXCELLENT
Spring Moderate
Summer Minimum
Monsoon Minimum
Autumn Moderate
Early winter EXCELLENT

Ritu charya
• Ritu - season
• Charya – regimen
• Ritucharya observance of diet and regimen according to the
seasonal changes
• Regimen which is wholesome to everyone with respect to diet and
practices

Fluid intake
Season Liquid
Winter Warm water,Fermented
Spring Warm water,Fruit juices
Summer Cool water, milk
Monsoon Warm water, Green gram soup
Autumn Boiled cooled water
Early Winter Warm water

Food Pattern
Season Qualities
Early winter, Winter, Rain Unctuous, Warm
Spring Dry,Warm
Autumn Dry ,Cool
Summer Unctuous ,Cool

Ritu sandhi
• Last and first seven days of the ritus (preceding & following) -
Transition
• Meeting of two seasons
• Regimen of previous season should be discontinued gradually
• Regimen of the succeeding season adopted slowly

72

73
Dinacharya
• Early awakening
• Gandoosha
• Kabala
• Abhyanga
• Udwarthana
• Snana
• Prathimarsa-Nasya
Rithu Charya
• Ahara
• Vihara
Achara rasayana
• Good mental conduct
• Religious conduct
• Moral conduct
• Personal conduct
• Social conduct

Aamla a day
keeps the doctor away
74

Medicated water
75

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• Mass Media: communication that is aimed to reach the masses or
the people at large - mass communication
• media used for mass communication -mass media
• public address system, radio, television, cinema, newsprints,
posters, exhibitions
• best methods for rapid spread of simple information and facts to a
large population at low cost
Availability, Accessibility ,
Popularity in a given communi.ty
77

78

• Behavior Change Communication (BCC):
• Is an interactive process
• Aimed at changing individual and social behavior, using targeted
• Specific messages and different communication approaches, which
• linked to services for effective outcomes
79

Setting
• Human is a social being, different settings according to occupation
and activities.
• Health education is delivered in almost every conceivable setting—
universities, schools, hospitals, pharmacies, grocery stores and
shopping , recreation settings,
• Community organizations, voluntary health agencies, worksites,
churches, prisons, health maintenance organizations, migrant labor
camps of government.
80

• Worksites: people spend time at work, workplace is both a source of
stress and a source of social support
• Effective worksite programs harness social support as a buffer to
stress, with goal of improving worker health and health practices.1
• Large corporations, provide health promotion programs for
employees. 2
• High-risk and population wide strategies have been used in programs
to reduce the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease
• Integrating health promotion with worker safety and occupational
health may increase effectiveness.3
1.Israel andSchurman, 1990, 2.(National Center for Health Statistics, 2001).3. Sorensen and Barbeau, 2006
81

• School: School :education in general as well as the school health
programmes.
• students to utilize available health services health improvement
• Community interventions in churches, clubs, recreation centres, and
neighbourhood
• Encourage healthful nutrition, reduce risk of cardiovascular disease,use
peer influences to promote breast cancer detection among minority
women
• Health Care Settings. Health education for high-risk individuals, patients,
their
82

AYUSH MISSION
83

84

• Nutrition education : education directed at the promotion of
nutrition
• covers choice of food, food-preparation and storage of food
• Social mobilization : term used to describe a campaign approach
combining mass media and working with community groups and
organizations
85

• Family Life Education : refers to education of young people
• Include family planning, child rearing and childcare
• Responsible parenthood
• Patient education : term for education in hospital and clinic settings
• linked to following of treatment procedures, medication
• Home care and rehabilitation procedures
86

87
• Environmental
sanitation
• Control of community
infections
• Healthy lifestyle
,personal hygiene
• Early diagnosis
preventive treatment

Evaluation
• Impact evaluation: measurement of immediate effects of
intervention, usually relates to program objective
• defined objective(s) will facilitate this phase of the evaluation
• Outcome evaluation : assessment of longer-term effects of
• intervention, and typically relates to program goal
88

• Ethics
Health educators’ work is directly concerned with communities and
individuals.
• respect for human dignity and rights, privacy
• respect for individual and family independence
• client full consent
• confidentiality
• non discrimination or stigmatization
• equity in access, coverage and service delivery
• respect for cultural values and cultural diversity
• refraining from conflict of interest, particularly commercial interest
• integrity and good personal conduct
Beneficence
Non-malfeasance
Autonomy
Social justice
89

Conclusion
• People - Problems
• Proove - Contribute
• Skill, qualitative research, focus groups, documentation
• Systematic multidisciplinary approach has to be decided implemented
• Reap maximum benefits keeping in mind huge potential and
associated challenges linked to Ayurveda and its personnal
• Suitable public health force in the field of public health care
90

91
Perhaps the most important point is to ensure
that science never becomes divorced from
the basic human feeling of empathy with our
fellow beings.”- Dalai lama

Thanks
92

Health behavior

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