2. INTRODUCTION
An anxiety disorder is a type of
mental health condition. If people
have an anxiety disorder, They
experience physical signs of anxiety,
such as a pounding heart and
sweating. Anxiety is a normal reaction
to stress and can be beneficial in some
situations. It can alert us to dangers and
help us prepare and pay attention.
Anxiety disorders differ from normal
feelings of nervousness or anxiousness
and involve excessive fear or anxiety.
3. DEFINITION-
ACC TO AMERICAN
PSYCHOLOGIAL ASSOCIATION-
Anxiety is an emotion characterized
by feelings of tension, worried
thoughts and physical changes like
increased blood pressure.
4. LEVEL OF ANXIETY-
• MILD ANXIETY
• MODERATE
ANXIETY
• SEVERE ANXIETY
• PANIC LEVEL
ANXIETY
6. PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY
freud (1926) first discussed a
psychological basis for anxiety,
the psychodynamic theory has
explained anxiety as a conflict
between the id and ego.
7. LEARNING
THEORY
•anxiety is a learned response
to an unpleasant stimulus
•Avoiding the unpleasant
stimulus reduces anxiety.
•The person ultimately
learns to avoid unpleasant
8. BIOCHEMICAL THEORY
high anxiety levels correlate with
increases in heart rate, blood lactase
levels and oxygen use during moderate
exercises.
13. PANIC DISORDERS
THE DSM-5 DEFINES PANIC ATTACKS
AS ABRUPT SURGES OF INTENSE
FEAR OR DISCOMFORT THAT PEAK
WITHIN MINUTES. PEOPLE WITH THE
DISORDER LIVE IN FEAR OF HAVING
A PANIC ATTACK.
14. CAUSES
• IT'S NOT KNOWN WHAT CAUSES PANIC ATTACKS OR PANIC DISORDER,
BUT THESE FACTORS MAY PLAY A ROLE:
• GENETICS
• MAJOR STRESS
• TEMPERAMENT THAT IS MORE SENSITIVE TO STRESS OR PRONE TO
NEGATIVE EMOTIONS
• CERTAIN CHANGES IN THE WAY PARTS OF YOUR BRAIN FUNCTION
27. GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER-
Generalized anxiety disorder (or GAD)
is marked by excessive, exaggerated
anxiety and worry about everyday life
events for no obvious reason.
30. • Difficulty concentrating, or
the feeling that your mind
"goes blank
• Overthinking plans and
solutions to all possible
worst-case outcomes
31. • Persistent worrying or anxiety about a
number of areas that are out of proportion
to the impact of the events
• Perceiving situations and
events as threatening, even
when they aren't
32. • Inability to relax, feeling restless, and
feeling keyed up or on edge
• Difficulty concentrating, or the
feeling that your mind "goes
blank"
36. PHOBIA DISODERS
A phobia is a type of
anxiety disorder that
causes an individual to
experience extreme,
irrational fear about a
situation, living creature,
place, or object.
46. AGORAPHOBIA
THIS IS A FEAR OF
SITUATIONS FROM WHICH IT
WOULD BE DIFFICULT TO
ESCAPE IF A PERSON WERE
TO EXPERIENCE EXTREME
PANIC, SUCH BEING IN A
LIFT OR BEING OUTSIDE OF
THE HOME.
48. SYMPTOMS • A SENSATION OF
UNCONTROLLABLE ANXIETY
WHEN EXPOSED TO THE
SOURCE OF FEAR
• A FEELING THAT THE
SOURCE OF THAT FEAR MUST
BE AVOIDED AT ALL COSTS
• NOT BEING ABLE TO
FUNCTION PROPERLY WHEN
EXPOSED TO THE TRIGGER
55. TMS (transcranial magnetic
stimulation).
The TMS unit is a non-
invasive device that is held
above the head to induce the
magnetic field. It targets a
specific part of the brain that
regulates OCD symptoms.
57. Posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder
that may occur in people who have
experienced or witnessed a
traumatic event such as a natural
disaster, a serious accident, a
terrorist act, war/combat, or rape
or who have been threatened with
death, sexual violence or serious
injury.
78. Cognitive processing therapy
(CPT): Also known as
cognitive restructuring, the
individual learns how to
think about things in a new
way. Mental imagery of the
traumatic event may help
them work through the
trauma, to gain control of the
fear and distress.
79. Exposure therapy: Talking repeatedly about the event or
confronting the cause of the fear in a safe and controlled
environment may help the person feel they have more control
over their thoughts and feelings.
80. M E D I C A T I O N
selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors
benzodiazepines
81. COMPLICATIONS
• Depression (which often occurs with an anxiety disorder) OR other
mental health disorders
• Substance misuse
• Trouble sleeping (insomnia)
• Digestive or bowel problems
• Headaches and chronic pain
• Social isolation
• Problems functioning at school or work
• Poor quality of life
• Suicide