respiratory diseases

1. Drug induced
respiratory diseases
Presented by:
Saima Rani
Pharmde 8th semester

2. Objectives
O Types
O Causing agents
O Management
O Signs and symptoms
O Diagnosis
O Prevention

3. Types
O Apnea
O Bronchospasm / bronchoconstriction
O Dry cough
O Pulmonary edema
O Pulmonary fibrosis

4. Apnea
O Causing agents
CNS depressants(opioids , barbiturates , benzodiazepines
, alcohol etc)
Anti histamines
NM blocker
O Risk factors
Existing pulmonary disease , multiple agents , co2
retention , extremes of age
O Effects
NM blockade , muscle weakness , myopathy
AOP???

6. Bronchospasm
O Causing agents
O Beta blockers
O Cholinergic agents → direct parasympathomimitic
action
O Anticholinesterases → indirect
parasympathomimitic action
O Aspirin (2-20% pt.) e.g salicylic acid
O Preservatives
e.g sulfides , EDTA , lactulose .
O Management
O Give bronchodilators

7. Dry cough
O Causing agents
O ACEI
↑ level of bradykinin due to ↓ activation of ACE , results in
bronchospasm and induce dry cough.
O Management
O discontinue therapy
O Use ARB’S

8. Pulmonary edema
O Causing agents
O Drug which increases apnea
O Left ventricular failure
O IV fluids
O IV opioids ( morphine , nicotine )
O Effects
O Orthopenea
O Management
O Diuretics
O Morphine
O Nitroprusside

9. Pulmonary Fibrosis
O Causing agents
O Cancer chemotherapeutic agents
e.g bleomycin , carmustine
O Management
O Discontinue therapy
O Give alternatives
O Use mast cell stablizers

11. Sign and symptoms
O Blood sputum
O Chest pain
O Cough
O Fever
O SOB
O Wheezing

12. Diagnosis
O Physical examination
O Listen to lungs with stethoscope , abnormal breath
sound may be heared.
O Lab tests
O Arterial blood gases
O Chest CT scan
O Chest X-ray
O Lung biopsy
O Lung function test

13. Prevention
O Any past reaction to drug ,so avoid it.
O Stay away from illegal drugs